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LAN DESIGN &LAN DESIGN &
DOCUMENTATION DOCUMENTATION
TS, PHẠM VĂN TÍNHTS, PHẠM VĂN TÍNH
PART14PART14
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Grounding of Networking EquipmentGrounding of Networking Equipment
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Grounding of Networking EquipmentGrounding of Networking Equipment
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Surge suppressorsSurge suppressors
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Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
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LAN DESIGNLAN DESIGN
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LAN design goalsLAN design goals
– Functionality--speed and reliability
– Scalability--ability to grow without major changes
– Adaptability--easily implements new technologies
– Manageability--facilitates monitoring and ease of management
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LAN design considerationsLAN design considerations
The function and placement of servers
Collision detection issues
Segmentation issues
Broadcast domain issues
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Placement of ServersPlacement of Servers
Servers now perform special functions and can be categorized as either...
– Enterprise Servers--supports all users on the network
DNS , Mail , WEB … servers
should be placed in the main distribution facility (MDF)
or...
– Workgroup Servers--supports a specific set of users
file serving such as specialized databases
should be place in the intermediate distribution facilities (IDF) closest to users
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Placement of ServersPlacement of Servers
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LAN Segmentation LAN Segmentation
• Segmentation is the process of splitting a single collision domain into two or more collision domains.
• Layer 2 devices such as bridges and switches reduce the size of a collision domain.
• Routers reduce the size of the collision domain and the size of the broadcast domain at Layer 3.
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Basic Steps in LAN designBasic Steps in LAN design
1. Gather requirements and expectations
2. Analyze requirements and data
3. Design the Layer 1, 2, and 3 LAN structure, or topology
4. Document the logical and physical network implementation
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Gather requirements and expectations Gather requirements and expectations
Who are the people who will be using the network?
What is the skill level of these people?
How developed are the organizational documented policies?
Has some data been declared mission critical?
Have some operations been declared mission critical?
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Gather requirements and expectations Gather requirements and expectations
What protocols are allowed on the network?
Are only certain desktop hosts supported?
Who is responsible for LAN addressing, naming, topology design, and configuration?
What are the organizational human, hardware, and software resources?
How are these resources currently linked and shared?
What financial resources does the organization have available?
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Analyze requirements and data Analyze requirements and data
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Network Availability Network Availability
Throughput
Response time
Access to resources
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Develop LAN TopologyDevelop LAN Topology
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Developing LAN TopologyDeveloping LAN Topology
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Important LAN design documentation Important LAN design documentation
OSI layer topology map
LAN logical map
LAN physical map
Cut sheets
VLAN logical map
Layer 3 logical map
Addressing maps
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OSI layer topology map OSI layer topology map
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LAN logical DiagramLAN logical Diagram
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Cut sheets Cut sheets
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VLAN logical map VLAN logical map
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Layer 3 logical map Layer 3 logical map
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Addressing maps Addressing maps
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LAYER 1 DESIGNLAYER 1 DESIGN
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Layer 1 designLayer 1 design
• Choose cable type.
• Identify work area and HCC.
• Identify MDF, IDF, HCC, VCC and POP.
• Choose Ethernet or Fast Ethernet.
• Documentation and physical diagrams
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Example: Example: Wiring closet locationWiring closet location
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Example: Example: Wiring closet layoutWiring closet layout
3.50m.4.
00m
.
Rack 1
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Example:Example: Rack layout Rack layout
19 20 21 22 23 2413 14 15 16 17 187 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 4837 38 39 40 41 4231 32 33 34 35 3625 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 2413 14 15 16 17 187 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 4837 38 39 40 41 4231 32 33 34 35 3625 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 2413 14 15 16 17 187 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 4837 38 39 40 41 4231 32 33 34 35 3625 26 27 28 29 30
19 20 21 22 23 2413 14 15 16 17 187 8 9 10 11 121 2 3 4 5 6
43 44 45 46 47 4837 38 39 40 41 4231 32 33 34 35 3625 26 27 28 29 30
POWERFAULT DATA ALARM
Class Room 1
Class Room 3
Class Room 2
Backbone and
Server Farm
C2924XL - Wg1
C2924XL - Wg2 Mail Server
Router 3662
PIX Firewall
HDSL
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Example: Example: User locationUser location
3.50m.
2.0
0m
.
7.0
0m
.
5.00m. 6.00m.
3.0
0m
.
1.40m. 1.80m.
4.00m. 5.00m.
1.40m.6.20m.
1.8
0m
.7
.00
m.
7.00m.
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Example: Example: Cable runCable run Rack
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UT
P
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP
UTP UTP
UT
P
UT
P
UT
P
UT
P
UTP
6
18
32
8
4
16
28
68
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MDF and IDFMDF and IDF
– Whether the LAN is a star or extended star, the MDF is the center of the star.
• From the workstation to the telecommunications outlet, the patch cable should be no more than 3m.
• From their to the patch panel, called the HCC, no more than 90m.
• From the patch panel (the HCC) to the switch, no more than 6m.
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MDF and IDFMDF and IDF
– When distances to the MDF are more than 100m, an IDF is normally added.
– The cable run from the IDF to the MDF is called backbone and is usually fiber.
– By adding more wiring closets (more IDFs), you create multiple catchment areas
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MDF and IDFMDF and IDF
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Layer 1 Logical DiagramLayer 1 Logical Diagram
Locations and identification of the MDF and IDF wiring closets.
Type and quantity of cabling used to interconnect the IDFs with the MDF.
Document how many spare cables are available for increasing the bandwidth between the wiring closets. For example, if the vertical cabling between IDF 1 and the MDF is running at 80% utilization, two additional pairs could be used to double the capacity.
Detailed documentation of all cable runs, the identification numbers, and the port the run is terminated on at the HCC or VCC.
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Logical Diagram & Cut SheetsLogical Diagram & Cut Sheets
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LAYER 2 DESIGNLAYER 2 DESIGN
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Common Layer 2 DevicesCommon Layer 2 Devices
The two most common Layer 2 devices are... Bridges and LAN Switches
Microsegmentation of the network reduces the size of collision domains and reduces collisions.
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Collisions Domain Size with HUBCollisions Domain Size with HUB
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SWITCH Collision DomainSWITCH Collision Domain
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SWITCH with HUBSWITCH with HUB
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Migrate to Higher BandwidthMigrate to Higher Bandwidth
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AccessLayer2 switching
DistributionLayer3 switching
CoreLayer2/Layer3 switching
Hierarchical design modelHierarchical design model
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Switched LANs, access layer overview Switched LANs, access layer overview
• Shared bandwidth
• Switched bandwidth
• MAC layer filtering
• Microsegment
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Access layer switches Access layer switches
• Catalyst 1900 series
• Catalyst 2820 series
• Catalyst 2950 series
• Catalyst 4000 series
• Catalyst 5000 series
Catalyst 4000
Catalyst 1912
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Distribution layer overview Distribution layer overview
• Aggregation of the wiring closet connections
• Broadcast/multicast domain definition
• Virtual LAN (VLAN) routing
• Any media transitions that need to occur
• Security
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Distribution layer switches Distribution layer switches
• Catalyst 2926G
• Catalyst 5000 family
• Catalyst 6000 family
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Core layer overview Core layer overview
• The core layer is a high-speed switching backbone.
• This layer of the network design should not perform any packet manipulation.
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Core layer switches Core layer switches
• Catalyst 6500 series
• Catalyst 8500 series
• IGX 8400 series
• Lightstream 1010
Catalyst 8540
Catalyst 1010
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LAYER 3 DESIGNLAYER 3 DESIGN
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Routers and DesignRouters and Design
• Routers provide both physical and logical segmentation.
• Logically, routers segment according to Layer 3 addressing dividing the LAN into logical segments called subnets.
• VLAN capable switches help routers contain broadcasts.
• The graphic shows two broadcast domains.
• Notice there is also two subnets. How do we know that?
• The router provides communication between the two VLANs.
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VLANs & Broadcast DomainsVLANs & Broadcast Domains
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Diagramming a LAN with RoutersDiagramming a LAN with Routers
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Diagramming a LAN with RoutersDiagramming a LAN with Routers
– Notice in the graphic that the two networks are kept separate by the router.
– Each switch serves a different network regardless of the physical location of the devices.
– To create another physical network in a structured Layer 1 wiring scheme, simply patch the HCC and VCC into the correct switch.
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Logical & Physical Network MapsLogical & Physical Network Maps
After determining your Layer 1, 2, and 3 design, you can create your addressing (logical) and physical maps. These are invaluable :•Give a snapshot of the network•Show subnet mask info•Help in troubleshooting
Logical Addressing Mapped to the Physical Network
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Physical Network MapsPhysical Network Maps
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Addressing MapsAddressing Maps
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Logical Network Maps & Addressing MapsLogical Network Maps & Addressing Maps
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CablingCabling
Punching wires in Jack
Structure of a patch panel
Punch Tools
Cable labels
