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Immigrants Arrive in the US, from Ireland and Germany. Cites expand new dangers such as poor health conditions, crime and fire develop. Anti- Immigrant movements develop, Navtist.
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Millions of Immigrants Arrive
In the mid-1800s large numbers of immigrants crossed Atlantic Ocean to begin new lives in the United States.oMore than 4 million of them settled
in the United States between 1840 and 1860.
oMany were from Ireland and Germany
Irish Potato FamineoMid- 1840s
Potato blight A disease that
causes rot in the potatoes = lack of food
• More than a million died or starvation
oMany of the Irish worked at unskilled jobs when they arrived in the U.S.
Men: Building Canals and railroads
Women: often worked as domestic servants
Failed German Revolutiono1848 some Germans had stages a revolution against harsh ruleGermans were more likely than the Irish to become farmers and live in rural areas. Many moved to Midwestern states
where land was more available. Unlike the Irish many Germans arrived with money.
Anti- Immigration Movements
A great deal of native born Americans feared losing their jobs to immigrants who might work lower wages
Religious differences oMost of Americans were Protestants,
with many Catholic immigrants arriving, because of conflicts that were happening in Europe between these two groups there was a sense of mistrust.
Nativists: Those Americans and others who opposed immigration. o In 1849 nativist founded a political
organization
The Know-Nothing Party Supported measures making it
difficult for foreigners to become citizens or hold office.
Wanted to keep Catholics and immigrants out of public office–Wanted to require immigrants to
live in the United States for 21 years before becoming a citizen
Rapid Growth of Cities
The Industrial Revolution led to many new jobs in American cities
The Transportation Revolution helped to connect the cities and made it easier for people to move to the citiesoBy the Mid-1800’s three-quarters of the
country’s manufacturing jobs were in the northeast and middle Atlantic cities.
Cities as of 1850
City Culture
o People were able to visit libraries, clubs and attend concerts or lectures, theaters, bowling and boxing matches.
oCities were compact and crowded Many walked to work Wagons would carry
goods in the streets
Urban Problems
oLack of safe housing Tenements: poorly
designed apartment building that housed large numbers of people.
Often dirty, overcrowded and unsafe
Quickly built and not with good materials.
oPoor Public ServiceMost cities did not have clean water, public health regulations or a way to get rid of garbage, human and animal waste. Because of this disease spread easily
Crime was also an issue cities didn’t have a permanent or organized force to fight crime.
Fire, was a constant and serious danger in crowed cites. Again no
permanent or organized force
The Second Great Awakening
During the 1790’s and early 1800’s some American took part in the Christian Renewal movement oCharles Grandison Finney
Was one of the most important leaders of the movement.
Told congregations that each individual was responsible for his or her own salvation.