Chapter 3:Chapter 3:Locating and Reviewing Locating and Reviewing

Related LiteratureRelated Literature

Kristen Fuller and Pan ZhangKristen Fuller and Pan Zhang

The Purpose of Reviewing Related LiteratureThe Purpose of Reviewing Related Literature

To relate previous research and theory to the problem under To relate previous research and theory to the problem under investigation.investigation.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUZWZX4OGIhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IUZWZX4OGI

Refining the research problemRefining the research problemEstablishing the conceptual or Establishing the conceptual or theoretical orientationtheoretical orientationDeveloping significanceDeveloping significanceIdentifying methodological limitationsIdentifying methodological limitationsIdentifying contradictory findingsIdentifying contradictory findingsDeveloping research hypothesesDeveloping research hypothesesLearning about new informationLearning about new information

Step 1: Select a Topic & Key Terms Step 1: Select a Topic & Key Terms

Select a topic & key termsSelect a topic & key terms- Have idea of topic- Have idea of topic- Identify most important terms- Identify most important terms

*use related terms to topic*use related terms to topic- Use terms in computer database- Use terms in computer databaseJump in or refine termsJump in or refine terms- ERIC (Education Resources Information Center) - ERIC (Education Resources Information Center)

Thesaurus or PsycINFO ThesaurusThesaurus or PsycINFO Thesaurus- Controlled Vocabulary – descriptors vs. key words- Controlled Vocabulary – descriptors vs. key words- Search thesaurus for term matches- Search thesaurus for term matches- Alternative – search library catalog- Alternative – search library catalog

Step 2: Identify Database & Access SoftwareStep 2: Identify Database & Access SoftwareERICERIC

- Sponsored by Federal government- Sponsored by Federal government

- Has articles from 1966- Has articles from 1966

- 2002 Education Sciences Reform Act- 2002 Education Sciences Reform Act

Different access methodsDifferent access methods

- ERIC website: - ERIC website: http://www.eric.ed.govhttp://www.eric.ed.gov

- Other Servers – EBSCOhost, First - Other Servers – EBSCOhost, First

Search, CSA ILLUMINASearch, CSA ILLUMINA

- Hits vary depending on access methods- Hits vary depending on access methods

PsycINFOPsycINFO

- Psychology & related fields- Psychology & related fields

*includes fields not contained in ERIC*includes fields not contained in ERIC

Info Trac OnefileInfo Trac Onefile

- Scholarly & popular journals- Scholarly & popular journals

Step 3: Conduct SearchStep 3: Conduct Search

Use advanced searchUse advanced search

- First decision: Search Limits: Author, date, ERIC - First decision: Search Limits: Author, date, ERIC

number, journal title, descriptor, keywordsnumber, journal title, descriptor, keywords

- Second decision: Publication types: Journals, book - Second decision: Publication types: Journals, book

reviews, etc.reviews, etc.

Limit searchLimit search

- Connectors – “and”, “or”, etc.- Connectors – “and”, “or”, etc.

- Keywords vs. Descriptors- Keywords vs. Descriptors

- Sets or Boolean logic- Sets or Boolean logic

Step 3: Conduct Research (cont.)Step 3: Conduct Research (cont.)

Search resultsSearch results- Article list, summary information & abstract- Article list, summary information & abstract- Check details to determine relevancy- Check details to determine relevancy- Judge credibility- Judge credibilityObtain articlesObtain articles- Collect 5-20 articles- Collect 5-20 articles- Examine articles for relevancy- Examine articles for relevancy- Retain relevant articles- Retain relevant articles

Discussion Question:Discussion Question:

What is the difference between a primary and secondary What is the difference between a primary and secondary source? Give examples of each. Why is it important to source? Give examples of each. Why is it important to be careful with secondary sources?be careful with secondary sources?

Step 4: Identify the Source as Primary or Step 4: Identify the Source as Primary or SecondarySecondary

Primary-original article or reportPrimary-original article or report

- Refereed and nonrefereed journals- Refereed and nonrefereed journals

Secondary-reviews, summarizes or Secondary-reviews, summarizes or discusses primary researchdiscusses primary research

- Textbooks- Textbooks

- Scholarly Books- Scholarly Books

- Encyclopedias- Encyclopedias

- Reviews, Handbooks and - Reviews, Handbooks and

YearbooksYearbooks

- ERIC digests- ERIC digests

Step 5: Summarize & Analyze Primary Step 5: Summarize & Analyze Primary Source InformationSource Information

Complete bibliographic informationComplete bibliographic information

Summarize the research problemSummarize the research problem

Identify independent & dependent variablesIdentify independent & dependent variables

In outline form, indicate subjects, In outline form, indicate subjects, instruments & procedures usedinstruments & procedures used

Summarize results & conclusionSummarize results & conclusion

Interesting or insightful quotationsInteresting or insightful quotations

Indicate weaknesses or limitations in Indicate weaknesses or limitations in methodologymethodology

Analysis of the data, or conclusionsAnalysis of the data, or conclusions

How the study may be related to your How the study may be related to your problemproblem

5 x 8 Index Card Example5 x 8 Index Card Example

APA Formatting:APA Formatting: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Discussion Question:Discussion Question:

What would be the differences and similarities among the What would be the differences and similarities among the literature reviews for qualitative, quantitative and mixed literature reviews for qualitative, quantitative and mixed method research?method research?

Step 6: Organize & Write the ReviewStep 6: Organize & Write the Review

Quantitative Reviews - often detailed and found in the Quantitative Reviews - often detailed and found in the beginning sections of an article.beginning sections of an article.Step 1 – Provide brief summary of articlesStep 1 – Provide brief summary of articles

Step 2 – Analyze the studiesStep 2 – Analyze the studies

Step 3 – State explicitly how reviewed studies relate to present Step 3 – State explicitly how reviewed studies relate to present researchresearch

Qualitative Reviews - tend to be brief in the beginning but Qualitative Reviews - tend to be brief in the beginning but more integrated throughout.more integrated throughout.Thematic – topic is identified and discussed, without a detailed Thematic – topic is identified and discussed, without a detailed analysis of individual studies.analysis of individual studies.

Most qualitative reviews are thematic.Most qualitative reviews are thematic.

Mixed-Method Reviews -Mixed-Method Reviews -

Review presented in one section rather than separate for Review presented in one section rather than separate for quantitative and qualitative sections.quantitative and qualitative sections.

Often, review reflects quantitative or qualitative Often, review reflects quantitative or qualitative emphasis of study:emphasis of study:- Explanatory research uses a review like those in quantitative study- Explanatory research uses a review like those in quantitative study

- Exploratory study review tends to be like those found in qualitative - Exploratory study review tends to be like those found in qualitative

researchresearch

Review of LiteratureReview of Literature

Identify which part of the article is the review of literatureIdentify which part of the article is the review of literature

Scan the review to get an idea of the general structure & Scan the review to get an idea of the general structure & organizationorganization

When reading, highlight points of references, places When reading, highlight points of references, places where findings from other studies are summarized & where findings from other studies are summarized & analyses of the studiesanalyses of the studies

Determine how well the review corresponds to the Determine how well the review corresponds to the following criteria:following criteria:

Criteria for Evaluating the Review of LiteratureCriteria for Evaluating the Review of Literature

The review of literature should:The review of literature should:1.1. Adequately cover previous research on your topicAdequately cover previous research on your topic2.2. Cite actual findings from other studiesCite actual findings from other studies3.3. Be up-to-dateBe up-to-date4.4. Analyze as well as summarize previous studiesAnalyze as well as summarize previous studies5.5. Be organized logically by topic, not by authorBe organized logically by topic, not by author6.6. Briefly summarize minor studies & discuss major Briefly summarize minor studies & discuss major

studies in detailstudies in detail7.7. Relate previous studies explicitly to the research Relate previous studies explicitly to the research

problem or methodsproblem or methods8.8. Provide a logical basis for the hypothesisProvide a logical basis for the hypothesis9.9. Establish a theoretical or conceptual framework for the Establish a theoretical or conceptual framework for the

problemproblem10.10. Help establish the significance of the researchHelp establish the significance of the research