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Smart City Concept and Solu2on AUST Summer Course 2015
Chapter 6 : Smart District hea2ng/cooling Professor Isam SHAHROUR Isam.shahrour@univ-‐lille1.fr
Organiza(on of the chapter
-‐ Hea(ng/cooling energy consump(on -‐ The district hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Key figures -‐ The Smart hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Strict hea(ng pilot – SunRise project
Energy Consump2on by buildings
United States : 50% Europe : 40% UAE : 70%
Energy consump2on in US
ANNUAL ENERGY OUTLOOK 2015
Hea2ng/cooling: • 65 % in 2013 • 50% in 2040
Pollu2on emission in London
71 % from Buildings
Energy consump2on in Ireland
Household consump2on in the Middle East
Hea2ng/cooling: 58%
Electricity demand in MENA Countries (Middle East and North Africa)
SA
Iran
Egypt
Energy consump2on in UAE
HVAC accounts for 60 to 70 % of the energy consump2on
Lebanon – Energy consump2on
ABC mall Energy consump2on Energy expenses in 2007 = $2,280,000
Hotel Dieu de France Hospital (HDF) Energy expenses in 2007 = $1,872,000
Organiza(on of the chapter
-‐ Hea(ng cooling energy consump(on -‐ The district hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Key figures -‐ The Smart hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Strict hea(ng pilot – SunRise project
Industrial buildings
Offices, Services
Provide hea2ng/cooling Energy ?
District
Households
Industrial buildings
Offices, Services
Energy plant
Households
Industrial buildings
Offices, Services
Energy plant
Heated Water
Households
Households
Industrial buildings
Offices, Services
Energy plant
Cooled Water
Households
Industrial buildings
Offices, Services
Energy plant
Cooled Water
Conven2onal energy: • Coal, • Natural gas, • Oil
Energy source
Energy recovery: • waste incinera(on, • waste water, • data centers • Industrial process
Renewable energy: • biomass, • deep geothermal • Solar (Denmark and Germany)
Energy sources
Sweden faces a lack of garbage for energy genera2on. It has to import garbage.
Video : A2 Impor(ng garbage for energy is good business for Sweden
Energy sources
• Conven(onal energy for high temperature • Industrial heat recovery: intermediate temperature • Geothermal and waste water for low temperature (10-‐30 ° C)
District hea2ng lines
District hea2ng lines
District hea2ng lines
h^p://news.thermaflex.com/district-‐hea(ng-‐and-‐cooling/tallinn-‐summary
Reduc2on of the heat losses
Reduc2on of leakages
Over-‐heated water (110 ° C and 180° C): Buildings requiring high temperature (laundries, industries
Heat transfer fluids Hot water (between 60 ° C and 110 ° C):
Residen(al buildings or offices
Steam (200 ° C to 300 ° C) : Mainly used for industry Used in Paris
Substa2on
Substa2on -‐ Heat exchanger
Includes a heat exchanger that transfers heat between the primary network and the building.
Sub-‐Sta2on
Used for monitoring the district hea(ng: -‐ Temperature -‐ Pressure -‐ Heat consump(on
Equipped by a regula(on unit that controls the energy transfer
Advantages of the district hea2ng/cooling system
Scale effect (system efficiency)
Cogenera(on (produc(on of electricity)
Could be used as energy storage (heat is stored more easily than electricity).
Integra(on of renewable energy
District Hea2ng Challenges
District Hea2ng Challenges
Break in a hea(ng pipe, Paris, May 2009
Challenges in Smart Hea2ng : Security
Movies : A1 District Hea2ng A2 Wonderful World of District Hea2ng A2 Impor2ng garbage for energy is good business for Sweden A3 CHP Overview A4 District hea(ng & cooling from Denmark A5 The cogenera(on and district hea(ng plants in Turin, Italy A6 District Cooling Plant Abu Dhabi, UAE A8 Thermal Chicago district cooling system B1 SmartPower Combined Heat and Power (CHP) B2 Smart Celsius Project
Organiza(on of the chapter
-‐ Hea(ng cooling energy consump(on -‐ The district hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Key figures -‐ The Smart hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Strict hea(ng pilot – SunRise project
District hea2ng in some countries :
District hea2ng in Europe :
• Around 5000 heat networks • 11% of electricity is produced by cogenera(on
• 10% of the hea(ng market. § Finland, Lithuania, Denmark, Sweden: nearly 50%
§ UK and Netherlands: 4%
District hea2ng in Europe
District hea2ng in Europe
Cogenera2on
Cogenera2on in Danemark
2009 1985
District hea2ng in France:
• 450 hea(ng networks • Two million of unites deserved • 26 TWh of the final energy • 6% of the hea(ng
This ra2o is low compared to other European countries
District hea2ng in France:
District hea2ng in Russia
• 55% of the district hea(ng in the world. • more than 17 000 district hea(ng systems. • 44 million customers. • 98% of fossil energy (75% natural gas).
Evolu2on of the heat Consump2on in Poland
District hea2ng in United States • 4% of the hea(ng demand • New York network district hea(ng (1882) is the
largest in the world
District cooling (DC) in Gulf Countries
District cooling (DC) in Gulf Countries
District cooling (DC) in Gulf Countries
Yearly increase in the DC market in GCC : 16%
District cooling (DC) in Gulf Countries
Organiza2on of the chapter
-‐ Hea(ng cooling energy consump(on -‐ The district hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Key figures -‐ Smart hea2ng/cooling system -‐ Strict hea(ng pilot – SunRise project
« Radiator » Building distribution
Sub-station
Piping
Buffers
and Storage
Conversion Energy
Sources
Buildings
Network
Heat production
Confort and human behavior
Consumers
Smart District hea2ng System
Infrastructure and Customer Layer
56
« Radiator » Building distribution
Sub-station
Piping
Buffers
and Storage
Conversio
n Energy
Sources
Buildings
Network
Heat production
Confort and human behavior
Consumers
Communica2on layer
Plateform Informa2on System
Smart District hea2ng System
57
« Radiator » Building distribution
Sub-station
Piping
Buffers
and Storage
Conversio
n Energy
Sources
Buildings
Network
Heat production
Confort and human behavior
Consumers
Communica2on layer
Plateform Informa2on System
Smart District hea2ng System
Analy2cal tools • Op2mal management • Security
58
« Radiator » Building distribution
Sub-station
Piping
Buffers
and Storage
Conversio
n Energy
Sources
Buildings
Network
Heat production
Confort and human behavior
Consumers
Communica2on layer
Plateform Informa2on System
Smart District hea2ng System
Analy2cal tools • Op2mal management • Security
Communica2on web Servor
• Customers • Technical team
Governance team • Public data
Advantages of the smart district hea2ng
For the district managers: • Reduce the heat losses • Improve the balance produc(on -‐ demand • An(cipate the hea(ng peaks • Increase the network reliability • Reduce the pumping expanses • Rapid detec(on of leakage • Improve the management of the energy Storage
For the Ci2es § Mapping the heat consump(on in the city (renova(ons priori(es)
§ Mapping the heat loss in the network (network renova(on priori(es)
§ Improve the asset management
Advantages of the smart district hea2ng
For customers Real (me informa(on on the heat consump(on • Energy savings based on data and saving incen(ve • Benchmarking
Apport des réseaux intelligents
Organiza2on of the chapter
-‐ Hea(ng cooling energy consump(on -‐ The district hea(ng/cooling system -‐ Key figures -‐ The Smart hea2ng/cooling system -‐ Strict hea2ng pilot – SunRise project
SunRise District Hea2ng
Primary network: 9 km Secondary network: 8 km primary substa(ons : 37
District heating - SunRise
64
Présentation
Pipes
Sub Stations (37)
Hea2ng Center
3 hea2ng units (35 MW)
Primary network-‐ SunRise (9 km)
65
Secondary network (8 km)
66
Primary Secondary
Substa(on Secondary Network
37 Substation
68
Heat Exchanger
37 Substation
69
Heat Exchanger
Electronic Valve
Sensors : • Temperature • Pressure • Debit • Heat Consumption
Control Unit
The substa2on: • Equipped by a local management unit • Connected to a bi-‐direc(onal data transmission fiber • Transmits data concerning flow, power, valve status, ... • On-‐line controlled
Data transmission
Sensors
GPRS
Server
Internet
Storage
Technical team Management Team
Radio transmission
Antenna
72
Hourly Consump2on – Building M1 (January 2012)
Heat Consump2on – Building M1 (2009)
Heat Consump(on
External Temperature
Heat Consump2on – Building M1 Working day
RMSE = 1.199 R² = 0.854
74
Heat Con
sump2
on
External Temperature
RMSE = 1.181 R² = 0.827
75
Heat Consump2on – Building M1 Week -‐ end
Heat Con
sump2
on
External Temperature
Real Consump2on
Consump2on based on op2mal control
Poten2al saving based on op2mal management -‐Regula(on according to the building usage with hourly (me control 19° working (me, 15° non working (me
Conclusion Hea2ng/Cooling cons2tutes a major issue in the world
-‐ High energy consump(on -‐ High pollu(on emission -‐ Quality of life -‐ Big market
Conclusion District Hea2ng/Cooling presents major advantages; -‐ Energy saving (scale effect) -‐ Integra(on of renewable energy -‐ Co-‐genera(on (hea(ng + electrical produc(on) -‐ Increase in safety -‐ Energy storage
Conclusion Smart district Hea2ng/Cooling offers major advantages:
• Real (me data and control • Be^er understanding of the system (produc(on, heat transport, substa(on and consump(on)
• Improves the balance heat produc(on – demand • Op(mize the hea(ng temperature • Reduces the heat losses • Increases the network reliability • Reduces the pumping expanses • Rapid detec(on of leakage
Movies : A1 District Hea2ng A2 Wonderful World of District Hea2ng A3 CHP Overview A4 District hea(ng & cooling from Denmark A5 The cogenera(on and district hea(ng plants in Turin, Italy A6 District Cooling Plant Abu Dhabi, UAE A7 Saudi Tabreed Corporate Video A8 Thermal Chicago district cooling system B1 SmartPower Combined Heat and Power (CHP) B2 Smart Celsius Project
THANK YOU
