Socialization

Socialization refer to the lifelong/ continuing process whereby an individual

acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social

skills appropriate to his or her social position

Types of Socialization

1. Primary Socialization – when a child learns the attitude, values, and actions appropriate to individuals as members of a particular culture.

2. Secondary Socialization – process of learning on what is the appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society.

3. Anticipatory Socialization – process of socialization in which a person “rehearses” for future positions, occupations and social relationship

4. Re-socialization – process of discarding former behavior patterns and reflexes, accepting new ones as part of a transition in one’s life.

5. Organizational Socialization – process whereby an employee learns the knowledge and skills necessary to assume his or her organizational role.

6. Group Socialization – individual’s peer groups rather than parental figures, influences his or her personality and behavior in adulthood.

7. Gender Socialization – learning of behavior and attitudes considered appropriate for a given gender.

8. Racial Socialization – define as “the developmental processes” by which children acquire the behaviors, perceptions, values and attitudes of an ethnic group, and come to see themselves and others as members of the group.

9. Planned Socialization – when other people take actions designed to teach or train others.

10. Natural Socialization – when infants and youngster explore, play and discover the social world around them.

11. Positive Socialization – based on pleasurable and exciting experiences.

12. Negative Socialization – when others use punishment, harsh criticisms or anger to try to “teach us lesson;” and often we come to dislike both negative socialization and the people who impose it on us.

Socialization – “LEARN from OTHERS” Primary Secondary Anticipatory Re-socialization Organizational

Group Gender Racial Planned Natural Positive Negative

Development of Identity

Erik Erikson(15 June 1902 – 12 May

1994)

Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of

Development

What is Psychosocial

Development?

1. Infancy: Birth – 18 Months OldBasic Trust vs. Mistrust – Hope

2. Toddler / Early Childhood Years:

18 Months to 3 Years OldAutonomy vs. Shame – Will

3. Preschooler: 3 to 5 Years Old

Initiative vs. Guilt – Purpose

4. School Age Child: 6 to 12 Years Old

Industry vs. Inferiority – Competence

5. Adolescent: 12 to 18 Years Old

Identity vs. Role Confusion – Fidelity

6. Young Adult: 18 to 35 Years Old

Intimacy and Solidarity vs. Isolation – Love

7. Middle Age Adult: 35 to 55 or 65 Years Old

Generativity vs. Self Absorption or Stagnation –

Care

8. Late Adulthood: 55 to 65 Years Old to Death

Integrity vs. Despair - Wisdom

 

James Marcia

Commitment

Crisis

Four Identity Phases

1. Identity Foreclosure

2. Moratorium

3. Identity Achiever

4. Identity Diffusion

Promoting a Sense of Identity

Ingredients that make up an optimal sense of personal

identity

1. Inner confidence about self competence and ability to learn and master new tasks.

2. Ample opportunity to try out new roles either in one’s fantasy or in actual practice.

3 . Support from parents and adults.

Self Identity

Types of Identity

Cultural Identity

Ethnic and National Identity

Ethnic Identity National Identity

Religious Identity

Gender Identity

Interpersonal Identity Development

Social Relation

• Collective Identity- a sense of belonging to a group that is so strong that a person who identifies with the group will dedicate his/her life to the group over individual identity.

• Social Support- individual gain a social identity and group identity by their affiliation.

Influences on Identity

Cognitive Influences

Scholastic Influences

Socio-cultural Influences

PARENTING

KINDS OF PARENTING

a. Authoritarian - rules are set by parents

b. Permissive - parents are warm and caring but appear to be

uninvolved and uninterested.

c. Rejecting - neclecting parents – parents are disengaged from

their children and not demanding nor responsive

d. Authoritative parents – parents and children are in good

blend. Parents have clear and reasonable

References• Child and Adolescent Development (Lorimar

Publishing)• http://www.education.com/reference/article/identity-

development/• http://www.learning-theories.com/ericksons-stages-of-

development.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Identity_formation• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialization• http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/socialization