Church HistoryChurch HistoryPrelude to Glory Prelude to Glory

compiled by Bro Doug Maughancompiled by Bro Doug MaughanFor Fall 2010 For Fall 2010

Bro. Maughan

Born in California Now Residing in Cornish Utah

http://www.brettandcatherine.com/uploads/5/5/9/9/559987/4949191_orig.jpg

Yekaterinburg Russia

What God Purposed in What God Purposed in Himself…Himself…

99 Having made known unto us the mystery Having made known unto us the mystery of his will, according to his good pleasure of his will, according to his good pleasure which he hath purposed in himself:which he hath purposed in himself:

1010 That in the dispensation of the fulness That in the dispensation of the fulness of times he might gather together in one all of times he might gather together in one all things in Christ, both which are in heaven, things in Christ, both which are in heaven, and which are on earth; and which are on earth; eveneven in him: in him:

(New Testament | Ephesians 1:9 - 10)(New Testament | Ephesians 1:9 - 10)

The Hand of Divine The Hand of Divine ProvidenceProvidence

Woven into the annals of history is the Woven into the annals of history is the unmistakable hand of the Lord. The Apsotasy and unmistakable hand of the Lord. The Apsotasy and Restoration were not a series of serendipitous Restoration were not a series of serendipitous acts. They were part of the master plan, pieces in acts. They were part of the master plan, pieces in a divine puzzle—carefully, meticulously, and a divine puzzle—carefully, meticulously, and lovingly laid out by the Master Designer. They lovingly laid out by the Master Designer. They were decreed in the premortal existance and were decreed in the premortal existance and forretold by prophets. These inspried events forretold by prophets. These inspried events have become dostrinal pillars that help define have become dostrinal pillars that help define our faith, fire our resolve and spur us on to more our faith, fire our resolve and spur us on to more Godlike works. (Ted R. Callister, The Ineveitable Godlike works. (Ted R. Callister, The Ineveitable Apostasy and the Promised Restoration)Apostasy and the Promised Restoration)

1010 But this generation shall have But this generation shall have my word through you;my word through you;

D&C 5:10D&C 5:10

Apostasy-What was Apostasy-What was lost?lost? ChurchChurch Priesthood KeysPriesthood Keys Bible?Bible?

RetrocessionRetrocession EducationEducation MedicineMedicine Standard of LivingStandard of Living

RenaissanceRenaissance Gutenberg PressGutenberg Press

ReformationReformation AquinasAquinas WycliffeWycliffe Tyndale Tyndale LutherLuther

Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery CompassCompass Dead ReckoningDead Reckoning QuadrantQuadrant Sextant Sextant ChronometerChronometer Explorers Marco Polo Explorers Marco Polo MagellanMagellan ColumbusColumbus Pilgrims Mayflower-WinthropPilgrims Mayflower-Winthrop

The Establishment of a Free The Establishment of a Free Nation-Nation- The Tribe of Ephriam…The Tribe of Ephriam… Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence American RevolutionAmerican Revolution The great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of ReligionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

The The RestorationRestoration

He commissioned His Apostles to lead the Church and administer gospel ordinances. Faithful to this charge, they were persecuted, and some were eventually martyred. As a result, the Lord’s priesthood authority was no longer on earth, and the world fell into spiritual darkness.

The Church of Jesus ChristThe Church of Jesus Christ

Death of the ApostlesDeath of the ApostlesThe ApostasyThe Apostasy

33 AD Judas committed suicide (Matt. 27:3-5) 54 AD Philip was scourged thrown into prison and afterwards crucified

at Heliopolis in Phyrgia 60 AD Matthew was slain with a Halberd (battle Axe) at Nadabah

Ethiopia ? James the Less was beat and stoned by the Jews and had

his brains dashed out with a fullers club ? Matthias (chosen to replace Judas) was stoned at

Jerusalem then beheaded ? Andrew (brother of Peter) was crucified at Edessa After 65 AD Mark was dragged to pieces I the streets of Alexandria 64-65 AD Peter crucified upside down in Rome Spring 65AD Paul was beheaded at Rome by order of Nero 72 AD Thaddeus Crucified (Brother of James) at Edessa ? Matthew was beaten and crucified by impatient

idolaters of India ? Thomas (called Didimus) preached in Parthia and India

where exciting the rage of pagan priests, he was thrust through with a spear.

? Luke is supposed to have been hanged on an olive tree by the idolatrous Priests of Greece.

74 AD Simon Zelotes was Crucified in Britain 73 AD Barnabas (we no details) Still Alive John (see D&C 7)

History tells us that the venerable Apostle John who wrote the Book of Revelation, was sentenced by the Emperor Domitian of the Roman Empire, to be scalded to death in a cauldron of boiling oil; that this cruel sentence was carried out as fully as it was in the power of men to execute it. The cauldron of oil was heated to boiling heat, and the great apostle was submerged in the scalding fluid, but through Divine interposition he was delivered like Daniel from the “lion’s den,” and Shadrach, Meshack and Abednego from the “fiery furnace,” by the power of that God, whom he served and obeyed; so that he suffered no harm and simply looked like he had been anointed. The cruel Emperor was so enraged at this wonderful deliverance, that he instantly sentenced the doomed Apostle to banishment on the Isle of Patmos.(Journal of Discourses, Vol. 20, pg. 205, Elder C.W.Stayner)

Eusebius recorded that John the beloved returned from Patmos and continued to govern the churches.

Historia Ecclesiatica 3.23.6, in PG 20:257

In the centuries that followed, God’s children had the Light of Christ, could pray, and could feel the influence of the Holy Ghost. But the fulness of the gospel had been lost.

11 ¶ Behold, the days come, saith the Lord GOD, that I will send a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst for water, but of hearing the words of the LORD:

(Old Testament | Amos 8:11)

1 Nephi 13:22-29

Many Plain and Precious….

Apostasy Specifics

Plain and Precious TruthsDueteronomists- Anthropomorphic God

Intimate personal Heavenly Father

Names of the Father and the Son

Nature of God Moses 1:39

Bible in ancient non common languages

The oldest Old Testament manuscript Masoretic Text (MT, 𝕸, or )

…is the authoritative Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible regarded almost universally as the official version The Hebrew word mesorah (מסורה, alt. מסורת) refers to the transmission of a tradition. In a very broad sense it can refer to the entire chain of Jewish tradition (see Oral law),

but in reference to the Masoretic Text the word mesorah has a very specific meaning: the diacritic markings of the text of the Hebrew Bible and concise marginal notes in manuscripts (and later printings) of the Hebrew Bible which note textual details, usually about the precise spelling of words.

The Masoretic Text (MT, 𝕸, or )

The oldest extant manuscripts of the Masoretic Text date from approximately the ninth century AD,[2] and the Aleppo Codex (once the oldest complete copy of the Masoretic Text, but now missing its Torah section) dates from the tenth century…

The Oldest Old Testament The Oldest Old Testament Manuscript…Septuagint Manuscript…Septuagint

The Septuagint (pronounced /ˈsɛptuː.ədʒɪnt/), 2] It was begun by the third century BC and completed before 132 BC.[3]

It is the oldest of several ancient translations of the Hebrew Bible into Greek.

Oldest New testament texts…

Erasmus of Rotterdam had established a text from a handful of manuscripts dating from the later Middle Ages. Unfortunately he used only manuscripts of inferior quality for his edition of 1516

Other older Books…

Apocrypha….

Lost Books?...

Psuedopigrapha…

Canonized Scripture…

Other Writtings to come…

Nag Hammadi is best known for being the site where local farmers found a sealed earthenware jar containing thirteen leather-bound papyrus codices, together with pages torn from another book, in December 1945. The farmers burned one of the books and parts of a second (including its cover). Thus twelve of these books (one missing its cover) and the loose pages survive[1]. The writings in these codices, dating back to the 2nd century AD,[2] comprised 52 mostly Gnostic tractates (treatises)

Though there are many documents that could be included among the gnostic gospels, the term most commonly refers to the following:

Gospel of Mary (recovered in 1896)[23]

Gospel of Thomas (versions found in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt in 1898, and again in the Nag Hammadi Library)[24]

Gospel of Truth (Nag Hammadi Library)

Gospel of Philip (Nag Hammadi Library)

Gospel of Judas (recovered via the antiquities black market in 1983, and then reconstructed in 2006)

The Dead Sea scrolls consist of about 900 documents, including texts from the Hebrew Bible, discovered between 1947 and 1956 in eleven caves in and around the Qumran Wadi near the ruins of the ancient settlement of Khirbet Qumran, on the northwest shore of the Dead Sea.

The texts are of great religious and historical significance, as they include some of the only known surviving copies of Biblical documents made before 100 B.C.

The Dead Sea Scrolls are traditionally divided into three groups: "Biblical" manuscripts (copies of texts from the Hebrew Bible), which comprise roughly 40% of the identified scrolls; "Apocryphal" or "Pseudepigraphical" manuscripts (known documents from the Second Temple Period like Enoch, Jubilees, Tobit, Sirach, non-canonical psalms, etc., that were not ultimately canonized in the Hebrew Bible), which comprise roughly 30% of the identified scrolls; and "Sectarian" manuscripts

10 But this generation shall have my word through you;

D&C 5:10

Protected Texts…

56 Thou shalt ask, and my scriptures shall be given as I have appointed, and they shall be preserved in safety;

(Doctrine and Covenants | Section 42:56)

There was no one left on earth with the power and authority to lead the Church or perform sacred ordinances such as baptism, conferral of the gift of the Holy Ghost, and the saving ordinances of the temple. Almost everyone was denied access to the scriptures, and most people were illiterate.

A Restoration of Truth….Margaret barker A Restoration of Truth….Margaret barker Old Testament ScholarOld Testament Scholar

From widely scattered surviving fragments, it is possible to reconstruct the world view of the first Christians, and to restore to their original setting such key concepts as the Messiah, divine Sonship, covenant, atonement, resurrection, incarnation, the Second Coming and the Kingdom of God.

 

Israel’s Second God…There were many in first-century Palestine who still retained a world-view derived from the more ancient religion of Israel [that of the First Temple] in which there was a High God and several Sons of God, one of whom was Yahweh, the Holy One of Israel. Yahweh, the Lord, could be manifested on earth in human form, as an angel or in the Davidic king. It was as a manifestation of Yahweh, the Son of God, that Jesus was acknowledged as Son of God, Messiah and Lord. Margaret Barker

Making the scriptures available and helping God’s children learn to read them was the first step to the Restoration of the gospel. Originally the Bible was written in Hebrew and Greek, languages unknown to common people throughout Europe. Then, about 400 years about 400 years after the Savior’s death, the Bible was after the Savior’s death, the Bible was translated by Jerome into Latin. But still translated by Jerome into Latin. But still the scriptures were not widely available.the scriptures were not widely available. Copies had to be written by hand, usually by monks, each taking years to complete.

Apostasy-What was Apostasy-What was lost?lost? ChurchChurch Priesthood KeysPriesthood Keys Bible?Bible?

RetrocessionRetrocession EducationEducation MedicineMedicine Standard of LivingStandard of Living

RenaissanceRenaissance Gutenberg PressGutenberg Press

ReformationReformation AquinasAquinas WycliffeWycliffe Tyndale Tyndale LutherLuther

Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery CompassCompass Dead ReckoningDead Reckoning QuadrantQuadrant Sextant Sextant ChronometerChronometer Explorers Marco Polo Explorers Marco Polo MagellanMagellan ColumbusColumbus Pilgrims Mayflower-WinthropPilgrims Mayflower-Winthrop

The Establishment of a Free The Establishment of a Free Nation-Nation- The Tribe of Ephriam…The Tribe of Ephriam… Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence American RevolutionAmerican Revolution The great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of ReligionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

The The RestorationRestoration

Isaiah had predicted:

“Darkness shall cover the earth, and gross darkness the people” (Isa. 60:2). For centuries, disease For centuries, disease was rampant and poverty was rampant and poverty reigned. reigned.

The Black Death killed some 50 million people during the 14th century. Was not this a season of terrible peril? I wonder how humanity survived. President Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a Brighter Day, Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

Retrocession

It is a well known historical fact that from about 400 to 800 A. D., a period known as the Dark Ages, a period during which the Roman Empire was crumbling, and finally fell to the invading armies of Northern Europe, there was a retrocession in the civilization of the Old World.

RetrocessionRetrocession

Schools became almost extinct, war was continuous, literature was forgotten, priceless records were wilfully destroyed, a chaotic condition pervaded the civilized world.

Both the church and state were drunken with debauchery, licentiousness and unbridled ambition.

RetrocessionRetrocession

During these centuries of confusion many different religious organizations, each professing to be the Church of Christ, had their origin. This confused condition continued until the period of the Renaissance, or Rebirth of Europe, under Henry I of Saxony, first of the Saxon kings. Anthony W. Ivins, Relationship of "Mormonism" and Freemasonry, p.64

RetrocessionRetrocession

During this long period of confusion Christianity could only be taught from handwritten manuscripts, which had been translated and laboriously copied from other languages than those with which the translator was familiar. It is unreasonable to suppose that at a much later period these manuscripts could be collected together, again translated and written by hand into our own language without error, or deviation from the original. Anthony W. Ivins, Relationship of "Mormonism" and Freemasonry, p.64

The Bible…

24 And the angel of the Lord said unto me: Thou hast beheld that the book proceeded forth from the mouth of a Jew; and when it proceeded forth from when it proceeded forth from the mouth of a Jew it contained the fulness of the the mouth of a Jew it contained the fulness of the gospel of the Lord,gospel of the Lord, of whom the twelve apostles bear record; and they bear record according to the truth which is in the Lamb of God.

25 Wherefore, these things go forth from the Jews in purity unto the Gentiles, according to the truth which is in God.

The Bible…

26 And after they go forth by the hand of the twelve apostles of the Lamb, from the Jews unto the Gentiles, thou seest the formation of that great and abominable church, which is most abominable above all other churches; for behold, they have for behold, they have taken away from the gospel of the Lamb many parts taken away from the gospel of the Lamb many parts which are plain and most precious; and also many which are plain and most precious; and also many covenants of the Lord have they taken away.covenants of the Lord have they taken away.27 And all this have they done that they might pervert the right ways of the Lord, that they might blind the eyes and harden the hearts of the children of men.

The Bible…

28 Wherefore, thou seest that after the book hath gone forth through the hands of the great and abominable church, that there are many plain and precious things taken away from the book, which is the book of the Lamb of God.

(Book of Mormon | 1 Nephi 13:24 - 28)

From Birth of Plenty p. 33-34 "Bishops and cardinals amassed fabulous fortunes from the sale of tithes and indulgences. . . . John XXII, who wore the papal tiara from 1316 to 1334, exhibited a legendary appetite for gold cloth and fur.  [that's right - cloth made of gold!]  Noble families purchased appointments to the priesthood for small children, and twenty-year-old archbishops were not unknown.  Of 624 papal dispensations of legitimacy granted in 1342-43, 484 went to the offspring of clergy.  In parts of sixteenth-century England, the clergy were indicted for almost a quarter of all sex crimes, more than ten times their proportion of the population

Standard of LivingStandard of LivingDuring the dark ages…During the dark ages…

"Beyond the city walls, lawlessness reigned absolute. . . Highwaymen plied their trade . . . with near impunity.  Soldiers, when not engaged in Crusades, dynastic feuds, or papal ambitions, periodically swelled the ranks of highwaymen.  Only walls provided a town with effective protection against its lawless environs.  Since walls were expensive, town life crammed itself into as little space as possible.  The streets, nothing more than narrow, open sewers, teemed with townspeople and disease; the first demographers documented death rates from infectious diseases that were twice as high inside the walls as they were outside.

Standard of Living Standard of Living During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

 "Most people lived in tiny villages and worked small adjacent fields.  Not until 1500 did farmers clear the wolf-infested forests.  Everyone, from toddlers to the aged, performed backbreaking field work, usually unaided by the plow.  Until A.D. 900, it was the rare peasant who could afford to harness horses and oxen with collars for fieldwork.

Standard of Living Standard of Living During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

 "The squalor of medieval dwellings was unimaginable.  According to the greatest of all Renaissance humanists, Erasmus of Rotterdam, 'Almost all the floors are of clay and rushes from the marshes, so carelessly renewed that the foundation sometimes remains for twenty years, harboring, there below, spittle and vomit and wine of dogs and men, beer . . . remnants of fishes, and other filth unnamable.  Hence, with the change of weather, a vapor exhales which in my judgment is far from wholesome.' 

Standard of Living Standard of Living During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

"Families slept together in one foul bed, and chimneys were almost unknown.  Soot covered the walls of all but the newest huts.  Lack of proper exhaust resulted in house fires that brought roaring death to large numbers of villagers, particularly women, who, clad in highly flammable dresses, tended wood-fired pits and stoves.

Standard of Living Standard of Living During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

"The past few paragraphs describe the circumstances of peasants who were relatively well-off.  The less fortunate had little or no shelter at all.  In the subsistence-level premodern society, famine and pestilence knocked constantly at the door.  During times of extreme famine, cannibalism was not unknown; travelers were occasionally killed for their flesh, and there were even reports of gallows being attacked for sustenance.

Standard of Living Standard of Living During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

 

"Pestilence regularly engulfed the continent.  The most famous episode occurred in 1347 . . . Within a few decades it [bubonic plague] had killed nearly one in three Europeans. (William Berenstien, Birth of Plenty)

Standard of Living Standard of Living During the Dark AgesDuring the Dark Ages

The Great and Abominable Church1 Nephi 13:4-9

4 And it came to pass that I saw among the nations of the Gentiles the formation of a great church.

5 And the angel said unto me: Behold the formation of a church which is most abominable above all other churches, which slayeth slayeth the saints of God, yea, and torturethtortureth them and bindeth them down, and yokethyoketh them with a yoke of ironyoke of iron, and bringeth them down into captivitybringeth them down into captivity.

Pope Adrian VI -1522to the Diet of Nuremburg

“At every level of church life…there were signs of grave disorganization and decay.”…every thing could be obtained for money…however hurtful it might be to the general welfare of the Church”.(Wide as the Waters, The Story of the English Bible and the Revolution it Inspired; Benson Bobrick. P.31)

Francesco Petrarch(a devout Catholic)

Described the Papal court as, “ a receptacle of all that is most wicked and abomnible. What I tell you is not from hearsay, but from my own knowledge and experience. In this city there is no piety, no reverance or fear of God, no faith, no charity, nothing that is holy, just, equitable, or humane.”(Wide as the Waters, The Story of the English Bible and the Revolution it Inspired; Benson Bobrick. P.34)

"A Bible! A Bible! We have got a Bible, and there cannot be any more Bible." And then the Lord said, "... what thank they the Jews for the Bible?" (2 Ne. 29:3-4.)

Ecumenical CouncilsEcumenical CouncilsThis chart lists the 21 ecumenical councils in the history of the Roman Catholic church. The Pope calls This chart lists the 21 ecumenical councils in the history of the Roman Catholic church. The Pope calls and presides over these ecumenical councils, which gather Roman Catholic delegates from all over the and presides over these ecumenical councils, which gather Roman Catholic delegates from all over the world. Other Christian denominations hold similar ecumenical meetings, designed to address matters of world. Other Christian denominations hold similar ecumenical meetings, designed to address matters of

worldwide ecclesiastical significance.worldwide ecclesiastical significance.

Council of Nicaea I Council of Nicaea I 325 325 Council of Constantinople I Council of Constantinople I 381 381 Council of Ephesus Council of Ephesus 431 431 Council of Chalcedon Council of Chalcedon 451 451 Council of Constantinople II Council of Constantinople II 553 553 Council of Constantinople III Council of Constantinople III 680-681 680-681 Council of Nicaea II Council of Nicaea II 787 787 Council of Constantinople IV Council of Constantinople IV 869-870 869-870 Council of Lateran I Council of Lateran I 1123 1123 Council of Lateran II Council of Lateran II 1139 1139 Council of Lateran III Council of Lateran III 1179 1179 Council of Lateran IV Council of Lateran IV 1215 1215 Council of Lyons I Council of Lyons I 1245 1245 Council of Lyons II Council of Lyons II 1274 1274 Council of Vienne Council of Vienne 1311-1312 1311-1312

Doctrines? Doctrines?Ecumenical CouncilsEcumenical Councils

Council of Constance Council of Constance 1414-1414-1418 1418

Council of Basel Ferrara Council of Basel Ferrara 1431-1431-1442 Council of Lateran V 1442 Council of Lateran V 1512-1512-1517 Council of Trent 1517 Council of Trent 1545-1545-1563 Vatican Council I 1563 Vatican Council I 1869-1870 Vatican Council II 1869-1870 Vatican Council II

1962-1965 1962-1965

The The First Council of First Council of NicaeaNicaea

The The First Council of First Council of NicaeaNicaea, held in , held in Nicaea in in Bithynia (in present-day (in present-day Turkey), convoked by the ), convoked by the Roman Emperor Constantine I in 325, was in 325, was the first the first ecumenical[1] conference of conference of bishops of of the early Christian Church, the early Christian Church, and most significantly and most significantly resulted in the first uniform resulted in the first uniform Christian Christian doctrine, called , called the the Nicene Creed. .

The The First Council of First Council of NicaeaNicaea

The purpose of the The purpose of the council was to resolve council was to resolve disagreements in the disagreements in the Church of Alexandria over the nature of over the nature of Jesus in relationship to in relationship to the Father; in the Father; in particular, whether particular, whether Jesus was of the same Jesus was of the same substance as as God the Father or or merely of similar merely of similar substance. substance.

Apostolic SuccesionApostolic Succesion

The Church traces its The Church traces its history to history to Jesus and and the the Twelve Apostles, , and sees the and sees the bishops of the Church as the of the Church as the successors of the successors of the Apostles in general, Apostles in general, and the Pope as the and the Pope as the successor of successor of Saint Peter, leader of , leader of the Apostles the Apostles

The Bishop Divide over The Bishop Divide over authority…Bishops are not authority…Bishops are not

Apostles!Apostles! Bishop of Constantinople Bishop of Constantinople Bishop of Rome –Clement, Linus, Bishop of Rome –Clement, Linus,

Cletus, PeterCletus, Peter (Modern Italy-Roman Catholic Church)(Modern Italy-Roman Catholic Church)

Bishop of Antioch Bishop of Antioch (Modern Turkey-Eastern Greek Catholic)(Modern Turkey-Eastern Greek Catholic)

Bishop of Alexandria Bishop of Alexandria ( Modern Egypt-Africa Eastern Orthodox)( Modern Egypt-Africa Eastern Orthodox)

The Church of Jesus ChristThe Church of Jesus Christ

Death of the ApostlesDeath of the ApostlesThe ApostasyThe Apostasy

The Church of The Church of

Jesus ChristJesus Christ

of Latter Day Saintsof Latter Day Saints

1 Nephi 13:1-31 Nephi 13:4-9

1 Nephi 13:10-121 Nephi 13:13-151 Nephi 13:16-191 Nephi 13:20-29

1 Nephi 13:30-42

Many NationsThe Great and abominable

ChurchColumbusPilgrims early settlersAmerican RevolutionThe Bible and Apostasy

The Restoration and coming forth of latter-day scripture

1 AND it came to pass that the angel spake unto me, saying: Look! And I looked and beheld many nations and kingdoms.

2 And the angel said unto me: What beholdest thou? And I said: I behold many nations and kingdoms.

3 And he said unto me: These are the nations and kingdoms of the Gentiles.

(Book of Mormon | 1 Nephi 13:Heading - 3)

The Great and Abominable Church1 Nephi 13:4-9

4 And it came to pass that I saw among the nations of the Gentiles the formation of a great church.

5 And the angel said unto me: Behold the formation of a church which is most abominable above all other churches, which slayeth slayeth the saints of God, yea, and torturethtortureth them and bindeth them down, and yokethyoketh them with a yoke of ironyoke of iron, and bringeth them down into captivitybringeth them down into captivity.

Persecution of Christianity

Persecution under NeroPersecution under Nero

They died in torments, and their torments were They died in torments, and their torments were embittered by insults and derision. Some were embittered by insults and derision. Some were nailed on crosses; other sewn up in the skins of nailed on crosses; other sewn up in the skins of wild beasts and exposed to the fury of dogs; wild beasts and exposed to the fury of dogs; others, again, smeared over with combustible others, again, smeared over with combustible materials, were used as torches to illuminate materials, were used as torches to illuminate the darkness of the night. The gardens of Nero the darkness of the night. The gardens of Nero were destined for the melancholy spectacle, were destined for the melancholy spectacle, which was accompanied with a horse-race, and which was accompanied with a horse-race, and honored with the presence of the emperor, honored with the presence of the emperor, who mingled with the populace in the dress who mingled with the populace in the dress and attitude of a charioteer. The guilt of the and attitude of a charioteer. The guilt of the Christians deserved indeed the most Christians deserved indeed the most exemplary punishments, but the public exemplary punishments, but the public abhorrence was changed into commiseration, abhorrence was changed into commiseration, from the opinion that those unhappy wretches from the opinion that those unhappy wretches were sacrificed, not so much to the public were sacrificed, not so much to the public welfare as to the cruelty of a jealous tyrant.welfare as to the cruelty of a jealous tyrant.

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Paris_catacombes.jpg

slayethslayeth …tortureth…tortureth… bindeth…bindeth… yokethyoketh …yoke of yoke of ironiron…bringeth them down into captivitybringeth them down into captivity.

1481-1808 340,0000 Tortured

32,000 Burned at the stake

Nations captive to false doctrine and priestcrafts…

The Hand of Providence E. Ward p.121

The Great and Abominable Church1 Nephi 13:4-9

6 And it came to pass that I beheld this great and abominable church; and I saw the devil that he was the founder of itdevil that he was the founder of it.

7 And I also saw gold, and silver, and silks, and scarlets, and fine-twined linen, and all manner of precious clothing; and I saw many harlotsmany harlots.

The Great and Abominable Church1 Nephi 13:4-9

8 And the angel spake unto me, saying: Behold the gold, and the silver, and the silks, and the scarlets, and the fine-twined linen, and the precious clothing, and the harlots, are the desires of this great and abominable church.9 And also for the praise of the world do they destroy the saints of God, and bring them down into captivity.

(Book of Mormon | 1 Nephi 13:4 - 9)

I rule …in the earth beneath and…Bring forth my word…

7 Know ye not that there are more nations than one? Know ye not that I, the Lord your God, have created all men, and that I remember those who are upon the isles of the sea; and that I rule in the heavens above and in the earth beneath; and I bring forth my word unto the children of men, yea, even upon all the nations of the earth?

(Book of Mormon | 2 Nephi 29:7)

Apostasy-What was Apostasy-What was lost?lost? ChurchChurch Priesthood KeysPriesthood Keys Bible?Bible?

RetrocessionRetrocession EducationEducation MedicineMedicine Standard of LivingStandard of Living

RenaissanceRenaissance Gutenberg PressGutenberg Press

ReformationReformation AquinasAquinas WycliffeWycliffe Tyndale Tyndale LutherLuther

Age of DiscoveryAge of Discovery CompassCompass Dead ReckoningDead Reckoning QuadrantQuadrant Sextant Sextant ChronometerChronometer Explorers Marco Polo Explorers Marco Polo MagellanMagellan ColumbusColumbus Pilgrims Mayflower-WinthropPilgrims Mayflower-Winthrop

The Establishment of a Free The Establishment of a Free Nation-Nation- The Tribe of Ephriam…The Tribe of Ephriam… Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of Independence American RevolutionAmerican Revolution The great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of ReligionThe Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution

The The RestorationRestoration

GalileoIn 1633 Galileo was formally interrogated for 18 days and on April 30 Galileo confesses that he may have made the Copernican case in the Dialogue too strong and offers to refute it in his next book. Unmoved, the Pope decides that Galileo should be imprisoned indefinitely. Soon after, with a formal threat of torture, Galileo is examined by the Inquisition and sentenced to prison and religious penances, the sentence is signed by 6 of the 10 inquisitors. In a formal ceremony at a the church of Santa Maria Sofia Minerva, Galileo abjures his errors. He is then put in house arrest in Sienna. After these tribulations he begins writing his Discourse on Two New Sciences. Galileo remained under house arrest, despite many medical problems and a deteriorating state of health, until his death in 1642. The Church finally accepted that Galileo might be right in 1983.

Joan of Arc Inquisition

The French patriot and martyr, Joan of Arc, was born the daughter of well-off peasants at Domrémy, a hamlet on the borders of Lorraine and Champagne, January 6. The English conquered the area in 1421 but their forces withdrew in 1424. Joan received no formal education but was endowed with an argumentative nature and shrewd common senses.

The age of Renaissanceand Reformation

The age of Renaissance brought with it a Flowering of learning, art, and science. There came a movement of bold and courageous men and women who looked heavenward in acknowledgment of God and His divine Son. We speak of it as the Reformation. President Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a Brighter Day, Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

A candle was lighted.

… somehow, in that long season of darkness, a candle was lighted. President Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a Brighter Day, Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

The age of Renaissance The age of Renaissance

……brought with it a Flowering of learning, art, brought with it a Flowering of learning, art, and science. There came a movement of bold and and science. There came a movement of bold and

courageous men and women who looked courageous men and women who looked heavenward in acknowledgment of God and His heavenward in acknowledgment of God and His divine Son. We speak of it as the Reformation. divine Son. We speak of it as the Reformation.

President Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a President Gordon B. Hinckley, The Dawning of a Brighter Day, Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81Brighter Day, Ensign (CR), May 2004, p.81

So Much StrawSo Much Straw

"I can do no more. "I can do no more. Such things have Such things have been revealed to me been revealed to me that all that I have that all that I have written seems to me written seems to me as so much straw."as so much straw."

Robert D. Hales, “Preparations for the Restoration and the Second Coming: ‘My Hand Shall Be over Thee’,”

Liahona, Nov 2005, 88–92Then, through the influence of the Holy Ghost, an interest in learning began to grow in the hearts of people. This Renaissance or Renaissance or “rebirth” spread throughout “rebirth” spread throughout Europe. Europe. In the late 1300s, a priest named John Wycliffe initiated a translation of the Bible from Latin into English.

Because English was then an emerging, unrefined language, church leaders deemed it unsuitable to convey God’s word. Some leaders were certain that if people could read and interpret the Bible for themselves, its doctrine would be corrupted; others feared that people with independent access to the scriptures would not need the church and would cease to support it financially.

Robert D. Hales, “Preparations for the Restoration and the Second Coming: ‘My Hand Shall Be over Thee’,”

Liahona, Nov 2005, 88–92

Robert D. Hales, “Preparations for the Restoration and the Second Coming: ‘My Hand Shall Be over Thee’,”

Liahona, Nov 2005, 88–92Consequently, Wycliffe was denounced as a heretic and treated accordingly. After he died and was buried, his bones were dug up and burned. But God’s work could not be stopped.

While some were inspired to translate the Bible, others were inspired to prepare the means to publish it. By 1455 Johannes Gutenberg had invented a press with movable type, and the Bible was one of the first books he printed. For the first time it was possible to print multiple copies of the scriptures and at a cost many could afford.

Robert D. Hales, “Preparations for the Restoration and the Second Coming: ‘My Hand Shall Be over Thee’,”

Liahona, Nov 2005, 88–92

The Common folk…Some paid whatever they could for the scriptures in English, “to taste the sweetness of God’s Holy Word…Some paid more, some paid less: some gave a load of hay for few chapters of St. Paul or St. James. Thousands (perhaps tens of Thousands) read of went into secret readings of them…((Wide as the Waters, The Story of the English Bible and the Revolution it Inspired; Benson Bobrick. P.73)

The Reformers…

“Such were the teachings and lives of the great reformers. Their deeds were heroic, their contributions many, their sacrifices great—but they did not restore the gospel of Jesus Christ.”—President Thomas S. Monson, First Counselor in the First Presidency, “They Showed the Way,” Ensign, May 1997, 51.

Tyndale

In the early 1500s young William Tyndale enrolled at Oxford University. There he studied the work of the Bible scholar Erasmus, who believed that the scriptures are “the food of [a man’s] soul; and … must permeate the very depths of [his] heart and mind.” 3 Through his studies, Tyndale developed a love for God’s word and a desire that all God’s children be able to feast on it for themselves.

A Plowboy to know more than the A Plowboy to know more than the Pope…William TyndalePope…William Tyndale

"I defy the Pope and all "I defy the Pope and all his laws, and declared his laws, and declared that if God would spare that if God would spare his life he would make his life he would make the plow-boy to know the plow-boy to know more of the scriptures more of the scriptures than the Pope himself than the Pope himself knew.”knew.”

William TyndaleWilliam TyndaleWilliam Tyndale, who gave us the first printed English Bible, was brought before the church after having been betrayed by a supposed friend, strangled, and then burned at the stake. Such has been the fate of many martyrs who have dared declare the truth to a bigoted and unbelieving world.

Anglican Church of England…

Turbulent political times brought change. Because of a disagreement with the church in Rome, King Henry VIII declared himself the head of the church in England and required that copies of the English Bible be placed in every parish church. Hungry for the gospel, people flocked to these churches, reading the scriptures to one another until their voices gave out.

A Candle…

The Bible was also used as a primer to teach reading. Though martyrdoms continued across Europe, the dark night of ignorance was coming to an end. Declared one preacher before being burned, “We shall this day light such a candle, by God’s Grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out.”

LutherLuther

At about this time, a German priest and professor named Martin Luther identified 95 points of error in the church of his day, which he boldly sent in a letter to his superiors. In Switzerland, Huldrych Zwingli printed 67 articles of reform. John Calvin in Switzerland, John Knox in Scotland, and many others assisted in this effort. A reformation had begun

Martin Luther Martin Luther 1483-15461483-1546

Great German Reformer, posted 95 thesis on the door at Wittenberg; Wrote out spoke out against the Papacy for the sale of indulgences and the churches material preoccupations. He translated the New Testament form Greek into German so that the Bible might be read by the common people. Spoke against Holy Relics and worshipping saints. When Luther was ordered to give up his work, he boldly declared:

Martin Luther Martin Luther 1483-15461483-1546

“Unless I be refuted by Scriptural testimonies, or by clear arguments—for I believe neither the Pope nor the councils alone, since it is clear that they have often erred and contradicted one another—I am convinced by the passages of Scripture, which I have cited, and my conscience is bound in the word of God. I cannot and will not recant anything; since it is insecure and dangerous to act against conscience.”

Dieter F. Uchtdorf Ensign May 2008

In fact, my son recently discovered that one of our family lines connects back to Martin Luther himself.

Joseph Saw them…

The things the Prophet beheld in vision were many and varied. After reading a book on the Christian martyrs, he returned it to its owner with the comment, "I have, by the aid of the Urim and Thummim, seen those martyrs, and they were honest, devoted followers of Christ, according to the light they possessed, and they will be saved." Stevenson, op. cit., p. 46

Joseph Saw them…

By vision Joseph beheld that he and several of his associates descended through related blood lines that ran back through the aristocracy of Europe. (Hyrum L. Andrus, Joseph Smith, the Man and the Seer, p.110)

The Hand of Divine ProvidenceApostasyApostasyRetrocessionRetrocessionRenaissanceRenaissanceReformationReformationAge of DiscoveryAge of DiscoveryThe Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of The Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of Ephriam…Ephriam…

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceAmerican RevolutionAmerican RevolutionThe great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of Religion

The RestorationThe Restoration

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/FraMauroDetailedMapInverted.jpg

Handwritten notes by Christopher Columbus on the latin edition of Marco Polo's Le livre des merveilles.

Marco PoloThe Polos stayed in Kubilai's court for a year, answering his questions about the rulers of Europe and the Christian religion. Kubilai Khan became sufficiently intrigued by Christianity to dispatch them back to Europe with a request to the Pope for 100 doctors of divinity to teach him and his people about this strange religion. In addition the Khan, who was a great collector of religious relics of all kinds, asked them to bring back a sample of holy oil from Jerusalem. When the Polos arrived back in Europe they found that Pope Gregory had died and the religious situation was in a disarray.

Finally after numerous arrangements for acquiring religious instructors fell through, the brothers concluded they had no choice but to return to Cathay and explain their failure to the Khan. However, according to researcher Richard Humble, they were able to obtain the holy oil he had requested, a feat which much impressed the Khan and deepened his trust in them (Marco Polo 111).

Marco Polo

When was the Chronometer invented?...what does it do?

The Sextant ?

The Light Grew Brighter…

By God’s grace, the light grew brighter. Aware of the divisions within his own country, English King James I agreed to a new official version of the Bible. It has been estimated that over 80 percent of William Tyndale’s translations of the New Testament and a good portion of the Old Testament (the Pentateuch, or Genesis through Deuteronomy, and Joshua through Chronicles) were retained in the King James Version.

The Light Grew Brighter…

In time, that version would find its way to a new land and be read by a 14-year-old plowboy named Joseph Smith. Is it any wonder that the King James Version is the approved English Bible of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints today?

The Light Grew Brighter…

Religious persecution in England continued under James’s son Charles, and many were prompted to seek freedom in new lands. Among them were the Pilgrims, who landed in the Americas in 1620, the very part of the world Columbus had explored over 100 years earlier.

Columbus was inspired:(1 Nephi 13; Ether 2:12;2 Ne.1:6)And I looked an beheld a man among the Gentiles, who was separated from the seed of my brethren by the many waters; and I beheld that the spirit of God came down the spirit of God came down and wrought upon the manand wrought upon the man; and he went forth upon the many waters, even unto the seed of my brethren, who were in the promised land. (See 1 Nephi 13:12)

Isa. 49:1The Book of Prophecies is a compilation of apocalyptical religious revelations written by Christopher Columbus in the 15th and 16th centuries C.E.This journal of sorts conveys the medieval notion that…1. Christianity must be spread throughout the world2. The Garden of Eden must be found - It was the common belief in the Middle Ages that the biblical Garden of Eden must have been on the top of a crag or mountaintop so that it would not have been affected by the first destruction of the world by flood. Upon arriving in Venezuela in 1498, Columbus must have surely thought that the verdant crags of Venezuela bore the garden of the Old Testament of the Bible.

Columbus and Biblical Prophecy?

From my first youth onward, I was a seaman and have so continued until this day . . . Wherever on the earth a ship has been, I have been. I have spoken and treated with learned men, priests, and laymen. Latin’s and Greeks, Jews and Moors, and with many men of other faiths. The Lord was well The Lord was well disposed to my desire, and he bestowed upon medisposed to my desire, and he bestowed upon me courage and understanding. Knowledge of seafaring He gave me in abundance, of astrologyas much as was needed, and of geometry and astronomy likewise.

Columbus’s Journal

Further, He gave me joy and cunning in drawing maps and thereon cities, mountains, rivers islands, and harbors each one in its place. I have seen and truly studied all books--cosmographies, histories, chronicles, and philosophies, and other arts, for which the Lord unlocked my mind, sent me upon the sea, Lord unlocked my mind, sent me upon the sea, and gave me fire for the deed.and gave me fire for the deed. Those who heard of my enterprise called it foolish, mocked me and laughed. But who can doubt but that the Holy Ghost inspired But who can doubt but that the Holy Ghost inspired meme? (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co., 1930, pp.19-20)

The Age of DiscoveryThe Promised land and a covenant Lineage (Gen. 12:3; Abr. 2:8-11)

Role of Ephraim: Gen. 49:26, Isa. 2:1

Columbus: Isa. 49:1

Magellan

Mayflower: Isa. 29:13-14

How has God used the Blood of Ephraim?

. . .and the remnants of the seed of Ephraim who were scattered from Palestine and who colonized the shores of the Caspian Sea and thence made their way into the north of Europe, western Scandinavia and northern Germany, penetrating Scotland and England, and conquering those nations and reigning as monarchs of Great Britain, and mingling their seed with the Anglo‑Saxon race, and spreading over the waters a fruitful vine, as predicted by Jacob, whose branches should run over the wall. Their blood has permeated European society, and it coursed in the veins of the early colonists of America.

And when the books shall be opened and the lineage of all men is known, it will be found that they have been first and foremost in everything noble among men in the various nations in breaking off the shackles of kingcraft and priestcraft and oppression of every kind, and the foremost among men in upholding and maintaining the principles of liberty and freedom upon this continent and establishing a representative government, and thus preparing the way for the coming forth forth of the fullness of the everlasting Gospel.

Ephraim?

… these are they that will be found in the front ranks of all that is noble and good in their day and time, and who will be found among those whose efforts are directed in establishing upon the earth those heaven‑born principles which tend directly to blessing and salvation, to ameliorating the condition of their fellow‑men, and elevating them in the scale of their being; and among those also who receive the fullness of the Everlasting Gospel, and the keys of Priesthood in the last days, through whom God determined to gather up again unto himself a peculiar people, a holy nation, a pure seed that shall stand upon Mount Zion as saviors, not only to the house of Israel but also to the house of Esau.. ( Erastus Snow J.D. 23:186-7)

God had His Eye on Ephraim

Nephi saw in Vision: The Lords hand in leading the Pilgrims to the land of

Promise

13. And it came to pass that I beheld the spirit of the God, that it wrought upon other gentiles; and they went forth out of captivity, upon the many waters...

15. And I beheld the spirit of the Lord, that it was upon the Gentiles, and they did prosper and obtain the Land for their inheritance...( 1 Nephi 13:13, 15)

 

Mayflower Families: The Lord was writing the story of the

restoration and the birth of this nation long before the ink was dry on the parchment of the Mayflower compact. Hidden among those signatures were men and women whose foreordained descendant’s would fulfill the prophecies of the ancients, revolutionize religious and political thought, and change the course of history forever. God had his eyes upon these families from before the foundations of the earth.

Plymouth: The Mayflower

                                                                                                     

Stephen Hopkins One of Gordon B. Hinckley’s ancestors Stephen Hopkins sailed on the Mayflower in 1620, he was the forth signature on the Mayflower compact. (Note:Thomas Hinckley progenitor of President Hinckley became governor of Plymouth colony) Seven of Joseph Smiths progenitors sailed with the Pilgrims on the Mayflower; three of the seven signed the Mayflower Compact which contained the words “in the Name of God”. This would prove the beginning of American Religious Democracy. The Saints had arrived at the Peninsula of Living Waters.

The Hinckley’s

The first Hinckley to arrive in America was Samuel Hinckley, in 1635, fifteen years after the Mayflowers landing at Plymouth bay. Samuel’s son Thomas would become the Governor of the Plymouth Colony from 1681-1692. He was considered “a man of more than ordinary ability and influence”(see Governors of New Plymouth, p.202)

The Light Grew Brighter…

Other colonists soon followed, including those like Roger Williams, founder and later governor of Rhode Island, who continued to search for Christ’s true Church. Williams said that there was no regularly constituted church of Christ on earth, nor any person authorized to administer any church ordinance, nor could there be until new Apostles were sent by the great Head of the church, for whose coming he was seeking

… these are they that will be found in the front ranks of all that is noble and good in their day and time, and who will be found among those whose efforts are directed in establishing upon the earth those heaven‑born principles which tend directly to blessing and salvation, to ameliorating the condition of their fellow‑men, and elevating them in the scale of their being; and among those also who receive the fullness of the Everlasting Gospel, and the keys of Priesthood in the last days, through whom God determined to gather up again unto himself a peculiar people, a holy nation, a pure seed that shall stand upon Mount Zion as saviors, not only to the house of Israel but also to the house of Esau.. ( Erastus Snow J.D. 23:186-7)

God had His Eye on Ephraim

The Hand of Divine ProvidenceApostasyApostasyRetrocessionRetrocessionRenaissanceRenaissanceReformationReformationAge of DiscoveryAge of DiscoveryThe Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of The Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of Ephriam…Ephriam…

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceAmerican RevolutionAmerican RevolutionThe great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of Religion

The RestorationThe Restoration

Brought to a land of Liberty 6 Wherefore, I, Lehi, prophesy according to the workings of the Spirit which is in me, that

there shall none come into this land save they shall be there shall none come into this land save they shall be brought by the hand of the Lord .brought by the hand of the Lord .7 Wherefore, this land is consecrated unto him whom he this land is consecrated unto him whom he shall bring. And if it so be that they shall serve him shall bring. And if it so be that they shall serve him according to the commandments which he has given, it according to the commandments which he has given, it shall be a land of liberty unto them; therefore they shall shall be a land of liberty unto them; therefore they shall never be brought down into captivitynever be brought down into captivity; if so it shall be because of iniquity; for if iniquity shall abound cursed shall be the land for their sakes, but unto the righteous it shall be blessed forever.(see 2 Nephi 1:6-7)

Brigham Young explained:It was decreed in the councils of eternity long before the foundations of the earth were laid, that he, Joseph Smith, should be the man in the last dispensation of the world, to bring forth the word of God to the people, and receive the fulness of the keys and powers of the priesthood of the son of God. The Lord had His eyes upon him, and upon his father, and upon his fathers father, and upon his progenitors clear back to Abraham, and from Abraham to the flood, and from the flood to Enoch, and from Enoch to Adam. He has watched that family and that blood as it has circulated from its fountain to the birth of that man. (JD 7:289-90)

John Howland

During their Atlantic voyage John, fifth great grandfather of the Prophet Joseph, narrowly escaped drowning at sea. During a violent storm, the Mayflower was pitching and rolling with the waves, young John was walking above the gratings on deck, his youthful body was hurled into the briny sea. “But it pleased God wrote the ‘Pilgrim Chronicler’, “that he caught hold of the top sail Halliards which hung overboard”. Holding with a vice like grip to the rope, he was plunged into the water.

In the fury of the storm he hung on until some of his friends managed to rescue him by pulling him back into the boat. For days he suffered after this harrowing experience. The ship finally arrive in Cape Cod on a Saturday. However the did not disembark until Monday so they could worship God on Sunday. Him whom they had come to trust and serve.

As a youth John Howland was a servant of John Carver first governor of Plymouth colony. John Howland died at Plymouth in February 1673, in his words he described why he had come to America: “to keep a good conscience, and to walk in such a way as God has prescribed in His words is the thing to which I prefer to life itself.(Walter C. Erdman, Sources of Power in Famous lives, (Nashville Cokesbury Press, 1937))

Cotton Mather said, “ Mr. Williams finally told his followers ‘that being misled himself, he had misled them, and he was now satisfied that there was none upon the earth that could administer baptism or any other ordinance of the gospel…so he advised them therefore to forego all… and wait for the coming of new apostles. ”Roger Williams did not live to see those longed for new Apostles raised up.

John Lathrup or Lothropp

Reverend Lathrup was a minister in the town of Egerton in the early 17th century. When he could no longer assent to what was taught by the church of England he became the leader to a large group of “Seekers”. So called because they were seeking for the a religion which taught the faith of the ancients with apostles, prophets the Holy Ghost and a fulness of the truths found in the scriptures.

The seekers who followed Lathrup were called Independents. For eight years they met in London until the persecution got so bad they could no longer meet publicly. When the hiding place of the Independents was discovered by the Bishop of London. During the beginning of the evening service of rev. Lathrup the officers of the state church of London rushed in and arrested Rev. Lathrup and 42 members of the Independent faith. They were fettered and taken to the old Clink Prison in Newgate. Two years later all were released except Rev. Lathrup.

While he languished in the filthy old prison his wife succumbed to a terminal sickness. He was allowed to see her before her death and provide tender comfort as she passed away. After his wife’s internment he returned to the loathsome confinement of the Clink Prison. His children were now left without a father or mother, orphaned, wretched and starving, and uncared for by the community, perhaps because of the threat of state reprisal...

When their destitute circumstances were made known to the Bishop of London, he had sympathy on John and released him. Rev. Lathrup fled with his children to America where he could worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience. In New England he became widely known as the “Beloved Pastor”. (Archibald F. Bennett, Lathrup genealogy, The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine, Salt Lake City Utah: The Utah genealogical Society. April 1929 p. 49-51)

Rev. JOHN LATHROP 1584 - 1653 (md. Hannah House) Jane Lathrop (md. Samuel Fuller, son of

Edward of the Mayflower)

Thomas Lathrop

Mary Fuller

John Fuller

Ann Lathrop

Mary Lathrop

John Williams

John Fuller

Shubael Fuller

Hannah Hough

Hannah French

Joseph

Williams

William Fuller

Lydia Fuller

Christopher Pratt

Hannah Child

Wm. W. Williams

Rebecca Fuller

Lydia Gates

Obadiah Pratt

Jonathan Fay

Frederick G. WILLIAMS

Oliver

COWDERY

Lucy Mack

Jared Pratt

Jonathan Fay, Jr.

Hyrum and Joseph

SMITH

Anson, Wm. D., Parley P. Orson & Nelson PRATT

Samuel Prescott

Philips Fay

Pres. Joseph F. SMITH

Helaman Pratt

Samuel Howard Fay

Pres. Joseph

Fielding SMITH

Anne Amelia Pratt

Harriet Eleanor Fay

George ROMNEY

Samuel Prescott Bush

Prescott Sheldon Bush

George Herbert Walker

BUSH

George W. BUSH 49th Pres

Rev. JOHN LATHROP 1584 - 1653 (md. Hannah House) Samuel Lathrop (md. Elizabeth Scudder)

Joseph Lathrop

Martha Lathrop

John Lathrop

Joseph Lathrop

Abigale Lathrop

Samuel Lathrop

Elizabeth Lathrop

Thomas Lathrop

John Moss

Ruth Lathrop

Hannah Lathrop

Temperance Lathrop

Martha Huntington

Hannah Lathrop

Martha Royce

Elizabeth Lathrop

Joseph Moss

Ruth Post

Samuel

Thompson

Temperance Bishop

Noah Grant

Hannah Perkins

Sarah North

Elizabeth Bartlett

Amos Morse

Jeremiah Bingham

Lot Thompson

Rev. Ariel Holmes

Noah Grant

Lydia Huntington

Joseph Woodford

Zilpah Wadsworth

Wm Amos Morse

Jeremiah Bingham

Beulah

Thompson

Oliver Wendell

HOLMES Poet

Jesse R. Grant

Lydia Bill

Dinah Woodford

Henry Wadsworth LONGFELLOW

(poet)

Teressa Morse

Lucius A. Bingham

Wilford

WOODRUFF

Oliver Wendell

HOLMES Supreme Court Justice

Ulysses S. GRANT

18th Pres

Susan Howland

Aphek Woodruff

Serial L.

Chamberlain

Levi Perry Bingham

Mary Rebecca

Aspinwall

Wilford

WOODRUFF

Teressa A. Redd

Perry C. Bingham

James Roosevelt

Marion G. ROMNEY

Louisa E. Bingham

Franklin Delano ROOSEVELT

32nd Pres.

Pres. Harold B.

LEE

Selected Descendants of John Lothropp

 Samuel HuntingtonSigner of Declaration of Independence

George Bush & Son

Ulysses S. Grant

Franklin D. RooseveltUS Presidents

Frederick Augustus Porter Barnard(Columbia)Kingman Brewster, Jr. (Yale)Daniel Coit Gilman (University of California and John Hopkins)John Hiram Lathrop (First and Fifth President of the University of Missouri; President of Wisconsin and Indiana)Charles Seymour (Yale)Amasa Leland Stanford (Founder of Stanford)

University Presidents 

OTHER PROMINENT PEOPLE:Louis Staunton Auchincloss (novelist)Robert Bacon (Secretary of State)Terrel Bell (U.S. Secretary of Education)Sir Robert Laird Borden (Prime Minister of Canada)Harold Hart Crane (essayist)Charlotte Saunders Cushman (actress)Thomas E. Dewey (twice presidential candidate)Allen Dulles (director of the C.I.A.)John Foster Dulles (Secretary of State)Alfred Carl Fuller (founder, Fuller Brush Company)Melville Weston Fuller (Chief Justice, U.S. Supreme Court)Franklin Henry Giddings (sociologist)Oliver Wendell Holmes (U.S. Supreme Court Justice)Charles Edward Ives (composer)Donald Lines Jacobus (genealogist)George Frost Kennan (diplomat, Soviet affairs expert)Barnabas Lothrop (Assistant Governor to Governor Thomas Hinckley of the Plymouth Colony)Eli Whitney (inventor of the cotton gin)

The Hand of Divine ProvidenceApostasyApostasyRetrocessionRetrocessionRenaissanceRenaissanceReformationReformationAge of DiscoveryAge of DiscoveryThe Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of The Establishment of a Free Nation-Through the Tribe of Ephriam…Ephriam…

Declaration of IndependenceDeclaration of IndependenceAmerican RevolutionAmerican RevolutionThe great Awakening of ReligionThe great Awakening of Religion

The RestorationThe Restoration

Peter Francisco

No one knows for sure where Peter Francisco came from. It is thought that he may have been kidnapped from the island of Terceira, in the Azores, by Portuguese sailors who hoped to sell him in the American colonies as an indentured servant. If that was the plan something went wrong with it, because they abandoned him on the wharf at Hopewell, Virginia, a few miles downriver from Richmond. He was five years old.

Boyd K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled , p.57-58

Peter was taken into the home of Judge Anthony Winston, an uncle of Patrick Henry's. Peter was present when the famous "Give me liberty or give me death" speech was given. It did something to the boy. He was sixteen years old and a strapping six feet six inches when he joined Company Nine of the Virginia Tenth Regiment on 10 October 1776.

Boyd K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled , p.57-58

His first fight was the ill-fated Battle of Brandywine Creek. There he was wounded in the leg and removed to a Moravian farmhouse for treatment. General Lafayette was there being treated for a bullet wound. The general asked the boy if he could do something for him. Peter requested a sword big enough to match his physical stature. The general sent him one. It was five feet long.

Boyd K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled , p.57-58

Peter fought at Germantown and suffered through Valley Forge. At Monmouth he took a musket ball in his thigh. At the British stronghold at Stony Point he was the second man over the wall and fought on despite a nine-inch bayonet slash across his abdomen.

At nineteen he returned home with a musket ball in one of his legs. It would cause him pain for the rest of his life.

Boyd K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled , p.57-58

Within a year he had re-enlisted and was fighting with the Virginia militia in the South. At Camden, South Carolina, the militia was defeated. Peter rescued a cannon and a colonel from behind enemy lines.

At Guilford Courthouse a British soldier stabbed through the calf of Peter's leg with a bayonet. Later another pierced his other leg at the knee, slicing all the way to the hip bone before Peter fell from his horse.

He stayed conscious long enough to crawl to a tree. He was then twenty-one.

Near the end of the war he emerged from a tavern at Burkeville, Virginia, to face nine British soldiers who were scavenging for supplies. Peter was completely unarmed. While some of them looted the tavern, two soldiers held him at sword point. One of them took an interest in Peter's silver knee-buckles. Presently the soldier was dead and Peter held the sword. Six British survivors fled to the advance guard of Tarleton's Legion.

The entire guard, four hundred strong, retreated, not knowing that the "ambush" was only one man.

There is more, much more, but that should suffice. Question: Why isn't Peter Francisco remembered? Answer: Because he wasn't general, even an officer. He was offered a battlefield commission but had to refuse-literacy was required for a commission. Peter Francisco could neither read nor write.

Peter lived to raise a family and died 16 January 1830, when he Peter lived to raise a family and died 16 January 1830, when he was about seventy years old. was about seventy years old. Boyd K. Packer, Let Not Your Heart Be Troubled , p.57-58

John AdamsD&C 101:78-80

[I]t is religion and morality alone which can establish the principles upon which freedom can securely stand. The only foundation of a free constitution is pure virtue.

(Source: John Adams, The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States, Charles Francis Adams, editor (Boston: Little, Brown, 1854), Vol. IX, p. 401, to Zabdiel Adams on June 21, 1776.)

[W]e have no government armed with power capable of contending with human passions unbridled by morality and religion. . . . Our constitution was made only for a moral and religious people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other.

(Source: John Adams, The Works of John Adams, Second President of the United States, Charles Francis Adams, editor (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co. 1854), Vol. IX, p. 229, October 11, 1798.)

In That little Hall in Philadelphia:

  Thomas Jefferson tells that on the day of our nations birth in the little hall in Philadelphia, debate had raged for hours. The men gathered there were honorable men hard pressed by a king who had flouted the very laws they were willing to obey. Even so to sign a declaration of independence was such an irretrievable act that the walls resounded with the words “treason, the gallows the headman’s axe” and the issue remained in doubt. Then a man rose and spoke. Jefferson described him as not a young man but one who had to summon all his energy for an impassioned plea.

He cited the grievances that had brought them to this moment and finally his voice failing, he said they may turn every tree into a gallows, every home into a grave, and yet the words of that parchment can never die. To the mechanic in the workshop they speak hope; To the slave in the mines, freedom. Sign that parchment if the next moment the noose is around your neck. For that parchment will be the textbook of freedom, the bible of the rights of man forever.” He fell back exhausted,

Who was He?

the 56 delegates swept up by his eloquence, rushed forward and signed a document destined to be as immortal as a work of man can be. When they turned to thank him for his timely oratory, he was not to be found, not could any one be found who knew who he was or how he had come in or gone out through the locked and guarded doors. Fifty six men, a little band so unique, we have never seen their like since, had pledged their lives, their fortunes and their sacred honor.” (Ronald Reagan -Seattle Wash., Oct. 12, 1968)

Common Sense was first published anonymously by Thomas Paine

It is regarded as the most influential piece of literature leading to the American Revolution. Paine wrote that :

““We have it in our power to We have it in our power to Begin the world over Begin the world over again.”again.”

Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson wrote a Letter to a friend about the need for restoration…. “I hope that the genuine and simple religion of Jesus Christ may be restored, for it hath become so muffled up in mysteries that it is concealed from the vulgar eyes. (Ivan J. Barrett, Joseph Smith and the Restoration ,p.5)

John Hancock. John Hancock who pledged his life his fortune and his sacred honor would associate with the Smith’s of Topsfield. Latter his relative Levi Hancock would become a member of the first quorum 70's in this dispensation.

Levi as a missionary defended religious freedom in the name of his ancestor John Hancock to further the work of the Lord, spellbinding an angry mob, who many of which would latter join the cause of Christ.

             

         John

Revolutionary War:  

16 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles who had gone forth out of captivity did humble themselves before the Lord; and the power of the Lord was with them.

17 And I beheld that their mother Gentiles were gathered together upon the many waters, and upon the land also, to battle against them.

18 And I beheld that the power of God was with them, and also that the wrath of God was upon all those who had gathered against them to battle.

19 And I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles that had gone out of captivity were delivered by the power of God out of the hands of all other nations.(see 1 Nephi 13:16-19) 

Orson Hyde: Moroni the Prince of America

In those early times, our men were few and our resources limited. Poverty was among the most potent enemies we had to encounter; yet our arms were successful; and it may not be amiss to ask here, by whose power victory so often perched on our banner? It was by the agency of that same angel of that appeared unto Joseph Smith and revealed to him the history of the early inhabitants of this country...that same angel presides over the destinies of America, and feels a lively interest in all our doings.

Moroni-Washington

He was in the camp of Washington, and by the invisible hand led on our Fathers to conquest and victory, and all this to open and prepare the way for the church and Kingdom of God to be established on the western hemisphere, for the redemption of Israel and the salvation of the world.

This same angel was with Columbus and gave him impressions, by dreams and by visions...regarding this new world....

Columbus…

"The angel of God helped him-was with him on the stormy deep, calmed the troubled elements, and guided his frail vessel to the desired haven" (JD 6:368)

Under the guardianship of this same angel, or prince of America, have the United states grown, increased and flourished like the Sturdy oak by the rivers of water.

But since the prophets have been slain, the Saints persecuted, despoiled of their goods, banished from their homes, and no earthly arm to interpose for their rescue... the Guardian Angel of the United States will fly to a remote distance from their borders, and the anger of the Almighty wax hot against them in causing them to drink from the cup of bitterness and division, and the very dregs stirred up by the hands of the enemies of the saints in the day of great distress and anguish;

 

Moroni?

and all this because they laid not to heart the martyrdom of the saints and the prophets, avenged not their blood by punishing the murderers, neither succored nor aided the saints after they were despoiled of their goods and homes....

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Martyrdom_of_Joseph_and_Hiram_Smith_%281851_lithograph%29.jpg

Moroni

...when justice is satisfied and the blood of the martyrs atoned for, the Guardian Angel of America will return to his station, resume his charge, and restore the Constitution of our country to the respect and veneration of the people; for it was given by the inspiration of God. (Journal of Discourses, Vol. 6, p.368-369)

Revolutionary WarRevolutionary War: :  

16 And it came to pass that I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles who had gone forth out of captivity did humble themselves before the Lord; and the power of the Lord was with them.

17 And I beheld that their mother Gentiles were gathered together upon the many waters, and upon the land also, to battle against them.

18 And I beheld that the power of God was with them, and also that the wrath of God was upon all those who had gathered against them to battle.

19 And I, Nephi, beheld that the Gentiles that had gone out of captivity were delivered by the power of God out of the hands of all other nations.(see 1 Nephi 13:16-19) 

General George Washington General George Washington July 2, 1776July 2, 1776

The fate of unborn millions will now depend, under God, on the courage and conduct of this army.(1776, p.

George Washington

Red Hair…about 6’2’’

Teeth

Uniform

French and Indian War…3 horses, 4 balls

Indian Chief came to Mt. Vernon

His inauguration…

Harvard Yard brawl (Trask)

Prayer Journal…

Washington wrote… it was an instance of divine favor 1776 p.64

Captain John Manley on the Lee Captured the British Brigg Nancy off Cape Ann.(2,500 stands of arms, cannon, mortars, flints, 40 tons of shot, 2,000 bayonets)

George Washington to ReedJanuary 14, 1776 p.79

The reflection upon my situation and that of this army produces many uneasy hour when all around me are wrapped in sleep….too little powder and still no money….

I shall most religiously believe that the finger of divine providence is in it, to blind the eyes of our enemies; for if we get well through this month, it must be for want of their knowing the disadvantage we labor under.

King George’s speech to Parliament reaches America…

Common Sense

1776January Common Sense was first published anonymously by Thomas Paine

It is regarded as the most influential piece of literature leading to

the American Revolution. Paine wrote that : “We have it in our power to begin the world over again.”March 4-5 Americans fortify Dorchester

Heights, overlooking Boston from the southMarch 17 Evacuation Day the British troops and

government officials and loyalists sail out of Boston Harbor,

never to return.

Dorchester Heights

Knox and Benedict Arnold Capture fort Ticonderoga in New York and drag 58 mortars and cannon (12 and 18lbs…300 miles)-one giant brass 24 lb. cannon weighing 120,000 lbs. Lake George Albany to Boston four crossings of the Hudson River…heavy winds cruel thaw…lost some in the River and pulled them out… Blizzard came on Christmas day…then they had to go over the Mt.

General Knox-January 9, 1776 p.84

“It appeared to me almost a miracle that the people with heavy loads should be able to get up and down such hills”

Dorchester Heights

58 Artillery and works of pickets were all erected in a single night without noticiable noise…on the high ground overlooking and in range of the British…

Battle of Trenton Battle of Trenton (McCullough, 1776, p.281)(McCullough, 1776, p.281)

2400 Continental Army-

Battle set for 6AM arrived 3 hrs. late

Battle was over in 45 min.

900 prisoners 21 killed 90 wounded Hessians

4 Americans Wounded none Killed

On their feet all night wet cold weapons soaked 2 died frozen to death

Sheets of ice in the river

CHAPTER 57

Helaman recounts the taking of Antiparah and the surrender and later the defense of Cumeni—His Ammonite striplings fight valiantly and all are wounded, but none are slain—Gid reports the slaying and the escape of the Lamanite prisoners. About 63 B.C

25 And it came to pass that there were two hundred, out of my two thousand and sixty, who had fainted because of the loss of blood; nevertheless, according to the goodness of God, and to our great astonishment, and also the joy of our whole army, there was not one soul of them who did perish; yea, and neither was there one soul among them who had not received many wounds.(Book of Mormon | Alma 57:25)

George Washington: 

No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the Invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men more than the people of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distinguished by some token of providential agency…along with an humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. (See first inaugural address, 30 April 1789, New York City; in Jay M. Todd, A Standard

of Freedom for This Dispensation, En. Sept. 1987, p.17)   

The Constitution of the United States of America

77. According to the Laws and constitution of the people, which I have suffered to be established, and should be maintained for the rights and protection of all flesh, according to just and Holy principles; 78. That every man may act in doctrine pertaining to futurity , according to the moral agency which I have given unto him, that every man may be accountable for his own sins in the day of judgment.

  

79. Therefore, it is not right that any man should be in bondage one to another.

80. And for this purpose have I established the Constitution Of this land , by the hands of wise men whom I raised up unto this very purpose, and redeemed the land by the shedding of

blood… 95. That I may proceed to bring to pass my act,

my strange act, and perform my work, my strange work that men may discern between the righteous and the wicked , saith your God. (See D&C 101:77-80, 95)

James Madison: 

It is impossible for the man of pious reflection not to perceive in [the Constitution] a finger of that Almighty hand which has been so frequently and signally extended to our relief in the critical stages of the revolution. ( The Federalist, ed. Henry Cabot Lodge, New York : G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1983, no. 37, p.222)

Wilford Woodruff: I am going to bear my testimony to this assembly, if I never do it again in my life, that those men who laid the foundation of the American government and signed the Declaration of Independence were the best spirits the God of Heaven could find on the face of the earth. They were choice spirits, not wicked men. General Washington and all the men that labored for the purpose were inspired of the Lord. Another thing I am going to say here, because I have a right to say it.

Every one of those men that signed the Declaration of Independence with General Washington called me as an apostle of the Lord Jesus Christ, in the temple at St. George two consecutive nights, and demanded at my hands that I should go forth and attend to the ordinances of the house of God for them. ...would those spirits have called upon me, as an Elder in Israel, to perform that work if they had not been noble spirits before God? They would not. I bear this testimony because it is true. The spirit of God bore record to myself and the brethren while we were laboring in that way. (LDS General Conference, April 10, 1898, p.89-90; see also Wilford Woodruff’s Journal, Church Historians Office under call # Ms f 115 )

Joseph Smith:

Even this nation will be on the verge of crumbling to pieces and tumbling to the ground when the Constitution is on the brink of ruin this people will be the staff upon which the nation shall lean and they shall bear the Constitution away from the very verge of destruction. (Joseph Smith papers LDS Church Historical Archives. Box 1, March 10, 1844. )

John Taylor:

When the people shall have torn to shreds the Constitution of the United States the Elders of Israel will be found holding it up to the nations of the earth and proclaiming liberty and equal rights to men, and extending the hand of fellowship to the oppressed of all nations. This is part of the program, and as long as we do what is right and fear God, He will help us and stand by us under all circumstances. (Journal of Discourses, vol. 21, p.8)

             

Ralph Waldo Emerson at Harvard divinity School 1838 said:

“ It is my Duty to say to you that the need was never greater for new revelation than now.” “The Doctrine of inspiration is lost…Miracles prophecy the Holy life, exist as ancient history only…men have come to speak of revelation as somewhat long ago given and done, as if God were dead…

Emerson

It is the office of the true teacher”, he warned “to show us that God is , not was; that he speaketh not spake, If you persist in handing out stones when people ask for bread they will eventually stop coming to the bakery. (Elder Jeffery R. Holland CR November 2004 p. 8)

The Church of Jesus ChristThe Church of Jesus Christ

The Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day SaintsThe Church of Jesus Christ Of Latter Day Saints

The RestorationThe Restoration

The Morning Breaks the shadows flee

And then, after many generations had walked the earth—so many of them in conflict, hatred, darkness, and evil—there arrived the great, new day of the Restoration. This glorious gospel was ushered in with the appearance of the Father and the Son to the boy Joseph. The dawn of the dispensation of the fulness of times rose upon the world. All of the good, the beautiful, the divine of all previous dispensations was restored in this most remarkable season.

20 And he shall send Jesus Christ, which before was preached unto you:21 Whom the heaven must receive until the times of restitution of all things, which God hath spoken by the mouth of all his holy prophets since the world began.

(New Testament | Acts 3:20 - 21)

Joseph Fielding Smith

I maintain that had there been no restoration of the gospel, and no organization of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, there would have been no radio; there would have been no airplane, and there would not have been the wonderul discoveries in medicine, chemistry, electricity, and the many other things wherein the world has been benefited by such discoveries.

Joseph Fielding Smith

Under such conditions these blessings would have been withheld, for they belong to the Dispensation of the Fulness of Times of which the restoration of the gospel and the organization of the Church constitute the central point, from which radiates the Spirit of the Lord throughout the world.

RestorationRestoration

… Now let me say briefly that I do not believe for one moment that these discoveries have come by chance, or that they have come because of superior intelligence possessed by men today over those who lived in ages that are past. They have come and are coming because the time is ripe, because the Lord has willed it, and because he has poured out his Spirit on all flesh.Elder Joseph Fielding Smith (October 1926)

The Hand of Divine Providence

The fingerprints of God on the parchment of history, reveal a love story, fraught with enough faith, sacrifice and divine intervention, to ignite an everlasting flame of gratitude, and patriotism in the hearts of all who seek to understand the invisible hand of divine providence.

(Douglas Maughan , CES Utah North Area Inservice June 26, 2002)