The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement

The Civil Rights The Civil Rights MovementMovement

1954-19681954-1968

““It wasn’t no Civil It wasn’t no Civil War. Wasn’t no War. Wasn’t no World War. Just World War. Just

people in the same people in the same country fighting each country fighting each

other”other”

                           

The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement Journal #19Journal #19

..From your past study of History Identify the Who

(leaders), What (goals, accomplishments) and ,

when (time period) of the Civil Rights Movement in

the U.S.

Unit IV

1820

18501850

18541854

18571857

18601860

                                          

      

                           

The Emancipation Proclamation 1863The Emancipation Proclamation 1863

.

 In 1861, President Abraham Lincoln had one thing on his mind when the Civil War broke out: preserve the Unionpreserve the Union.

On Jan. 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which declared all slaves in Confederate-controlled areas free.

                           

CIVIL WAR and CIVIL WAR and RECONSTRUCTIONRECONSTRUCTION

1313thth Amendment AmendmentSSlavery abolishedlavery abolished

1414thth Amendment AmendmentCCitizenship extendeditizenship extended

1515thth Amendment AmendmentAfrican Americans African Americans VVotingoting

                           

Post Post Reconstruction Reconstruction

1877 +1877 +

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow LawsLasting effects of Lasting effects of Plessy Plessy

vs. Fergusonvs. Ferguson (1896)(1896)InequalityInequality

SocialSocialPolitical Political

EconomicEconomic

                           

PlePlessssyySSanctioned anctioned

SSegregatioegregationn

The Legacy of Reconstruction

The Legacy of The Legacy of ReconstructionReconstruction

                           

Don’t accept Don’t accept inferiorityinferiority

Self respect more Self respect more important than important than

wealthwealthPolitical powerPolitical power

Agriculture, mechanics, Agriculture, mechanics, commerce, domestic commerce, domestic

serviceservice

Common labor,Common labor,

““dignity in tilling the dignity in tilling the fieldfield

Opportunity to earn a Opportunity to earn a dollardollar

Social equality is Social equality is “extremist folly“extremist folly”

Booker T. WashingtonBooker T. Washington WEB DuBoisWEB DuBois

The FoundationThe Foundation

                           

A FAMILIAR THEME?A FAMILIAR THEME?

Henry Henry Johnson and Johnson and

the NY’s 369th the NY’s 369th Infantry;Infantry;“Harlem “Harlem

Hellfighters”Hellfighters”

The 54The 54thth Massachusetts Massachusetts inspiration for inspiration for

the film the film “GLORY”“GLORY”

The Civil War 1860-1865The Civil War 1860-1865 World War I 1914-1919World War I 1914-1919

                           

WORLD WAR IIWORLD WAR IIWorld War II 1941-45World War II 1941-45

332nd 332nd Fighter Pilot Fighter Pilot Squadron; Squadron;

the the "Tuskegee "Tuskegee AirmenAirmen""

Segregated Armed Segregated Armed forcesforces

DiscriminationDiscrimination

PrejudicePrejudice

1947 HST orders 1947 HST orders integration of the integration of the

militarymilitary

                           

11stst African- African-American to American to play in major play in major

league league baseballbaseball

Significance?Significance?

JACKIE ROBINSON 1947JACKIE ROBINSON 1947

                           

SOUTHERN JUSTICESOUTHERN JUSTICEThe Case of Emmett Till The Case of Emmett Till (1955)(1955)

                           

CRIME: Allegedly whistling at a white womanPUNISHMENT: Brutally beaten by 2 white men

The Case of Emmett Till The Case of Emmett Till (1955)(1955)

                           

The Death of Emmett TillThe Death of Emmett Till(Words and Music by Bob Dylan) (Words and Music by Bob Dylan)

'Twas down in Mississippi no so long ago, 'Twas down in Mississippi no so long ago, When a young boy from Chicago town When a young boy from Chicago town

stepped through a Southern door. stepped through a Southern door. This boy's dreadful tragedy I can still This boy's dreadful tragedy I can still

remember well, remember well, The color of his skin was black and his name The color of his skin was black and his name

was Emmett Till. was Emmett Till.

                           

Issue: Is separate but equal is Issue: Is separate but equal is constitutional?constitutional?

ConceptsConcepts: 1414thth amendment, civil amendment, civil rightsrights

Background:Background: Who was Linda Who was Linda Brown - How were her rights Brown - How were her rights denied?denied?

Significance: Overturns Plessy v. Ferguson ( 1896); separate but equal is unconstitutional

BROWN vs. The BOARD of BROWN vs. The BOARD of EDUCATION (1954)EDUCATION (1954)

                           

Public Facilities and Public Facilities and AccommodationsAccommodations

Civil rights leaders and groups Civil rights leaders and groups develop new tactics:develop new tactics:

Direct actionDirect action

non-violencenon-violence

Civil disobedienceCivil disobedience

boycottboycott

                           

In 1955 Rosa Parks rode In 1955 Rosa Parks rode

a bus and sat in a seat a bus and sat in a seat provided for whites.    provided for whites.    Her refusal to give her Her refusal to give her

seat to a white man was seat to a white man was the beginning of a bus the beginning of a bus

boycott. She was boycott. She was arrested and sent to jail. arrested and sent to jail.

                           

Montgomery Bus Montgomery Bus

Boycott 1955Boycott 1955

- Rosa Parks and the - Rosa Parks and the citizens of Montgomery, citizens of Montgomery, Alabama boycott public Alabama boycott public bus service for 381 daysbus service for 381 days

- Supreme Court rule - Supreme Court rule segregated buses are segregated buses are

illegalillegal

                           

Southern States Southern States Resist Resist

ComplianceComplianceCase Study Little

Rock 1957Theme:

Federal State conflict

                           

SIT-INsSIT-INs

.. 1960 Sit-ins – (Greensborough, NC)Four

black college students sat at a segregated lunch counter (nonviolent resistance).. Local police officers arrested the students This event sparked a series of similar protests at lunch counters across the South.

                           

Public Facilities Public Facilities (cont’d)(cont’d) Birmingham –1963Birmingham –1963

Description?Description?Why did the movement Why did the movement

succeed?succeed?National significance?National significance?

                           

Most racist city in USA?Most racist city in USA?

Police dogs used to put Police dogs used to put down peaceful protestdown peaceful protest

Harsh tactics used by Harsh tactics used by local Policelocal Police

Birmingham 1963Birmingham 1963

                           

LETTER FROM THE LETTER FROM THE BIRMINGHAM JAILBIRMINGHAM JAIL“When you see the vast

majority of 20 million negro brothers smothering in the air

tight cage of poverty…then you will understand why we find it

difficult to wait.”

                           

MARCH on WASHINGTONMARCH on WASHINGTON

..

More than 200,000 blacks and whites gather before Lincoln Memorial to hear speeches (including King's "I Have a Dream") and protest racial

injustice

                           

The March on WashingtonThe March on Washington

Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 1964

““We believe that We believe that all men are all men are created equal…created equal…yet certain people yet certain people are not treated are not treated equally because equally because of the color of of the color of their skin..”their skin..”

““I have a I have a dream…”dream…”

                           

Civil Rights Act of 1964Civil Rights Act of 19641. Banned segregation in all 1. Banned segregation in all public accommodations public accommodations (restaurants, hotels…)(restaurants, hotels…)

2. Banned segregation in 2. Banned segregation in public owned and operated public owned and operated facilities (parks, schools…)facilities (parks, schools…)

3. Prohibits discrimination in 3. Prohibits discrimination in employment based on race, employment based on race, sex religion and national originsex religion and national origin

                           

Bans Poll Taxes as a voting Bans Poll Taxes as a voting requirementrequirement

2424thth amendment amendment

                           

Voting Rights Act of 1965Voting Rights Act of 1965

Authorized federal officials to Authorized federal officials to register voters where local register voters where local officials prevented African-officials prevented African-

Americans from registering to Americans from registering to votevote

It doesn't mean that I advocate violence, but at the same time, I am not against using violence in self-defense. I don't call it violence when it's self-defense, I call it intelligence. - Malcolm XMalcolm X

. .

"Whites can help us but they can't join us. There can be no Black-White unity until there is first some Black unity."

                           

Non-violent protesting.

Speaking out for non-violence

Passive resistance

Suspicious of whites; willing to use "any means necessary" to achieve equality.

Was a segregationist until his pilgrimage to Mecca