Phonetics Class 10

CD 233

Lavoie

Today’s plan

Review articulation

Discuss the articulation assessments Report on one consonant and one vowel One quiz on symbols and C, V charts

Begin exploring accents and variation

What do you remember about…

VOT

Phonemes and allophones

Palatography

In-class review part 1

(1) Explain the consonant chart and what it represents

(2) Explain phonemes and allophones

(3) Review the different parts of linguistics

(4) Explain the vowel chart and what it represents

In-class review part 2

(1) Explain the scoring complexity, 2 way, 5 way

(2) What are dialects and idiolects?

(3) Explain what you know about syllables

(4) Explain how phonation occurs

In-class review part 3

(1) Explain when lip rounding is used in English

2) What are the functional divisions of the tongue?

(3) What are active and passive articulators?

(4) Contrast monophthong and diphthong

In-class review part 4

(1) What are the point vowels and their tongue shapes?

2) What are some differences between tense and lax vowels?

(3) In what direction do vowels reduce?

(4) How does the jaw interact with the tongue and with the lips?

In-class review part 5

(1) What are the states of the glottis?

(2) What kind of sound does each state of the glottis produce?

(3) Give examples of allophones of /t/ in English words

(4) Explain consonant articulation in general

In-class review part 6

(1) Explain stop and nasal articulation

(2) Explain fricative articulation

(3) Explain glide articulation

(4) Explain liquid articulation

In-class review part 7

(1) Draw a midsagittal section articulating /k/

(2) Draw a midsagittal section articulating /ng/

(3) Draw a palatogram for /s/

(4) Draw a palatogram for /sh/

Articulation assessment

A quiz on symbols and articulation in class on November 12

A report on one consonant and one vowel due on November 19 Use class 520 materials plus our slides plus

your book to put together the story of your consonant and vowel

Other voicing/glottal adjustments

Languages can choose their contrasts (their phonemes) from among different alignment of gestures

In speech errors & casual speech, speakers may not achieve the precise alignment

So we might hear (slightly) different sounds, esp. differences in voicing

Voicing Contrasts to Listen to

From CP: p. 192, glottal stop substitutions CD 2, track 12

From CP p. 205, f/v voicing CD 2, track 16

From CP, p. 189, voicing of voiceless stops CD 2, track 10

From CP, p. 191, devoicing of voiced stops CD 2, track 11

Gestures and tongue twisters

Which gestures cause the tongue twisting in these? Copper coffee pot She sells sea shells Bleak black beaches Freshly fried fish flesh Unique New York Greek grapes A box of biscuits, a batch of mixed biscuits

Tongue twisters with voicing?

I’m trying to make these up

Mud bug, mutt pug

Bad Pat pats Pat Badly

Fat vat

Dog bog togs

More tongue twisters

Lesser leather never weathered wetter weather better

Six sticky sucker sticks A tutor who tooted the flute tried to tutor two

tooters to toot. Said the two to the tutor:"Is it harder to toot or to tutor two tooters to toot?”

Twelve twins twirled twelve twigs Which witch wished which wicked wish?

AccentsMoving on to

Accents!

Before this class, what different varieties of English did you notice? List ….

What characteristics did you use to determine if it was an accent?

Today, we’ll listen to some accented speech to see what you hear now and marvel at our new sophistication

Types of language variation

Sentence structure (car needs washed)

Vocabulary differences (rubber)

Voice quality (creaky, breathy)

Segments used (Scottish trilled r)

Syllable structure (Japanese accent)

Intonation (uptalk)

Types of vowel variation

Substitution, modification, centralization, onglide, offglide, diphthongization, monophthongization

New ways to discuss phonetics

Now that we have covered articulation

We have opened up a whole new set of ways to talk about variation, either standard or disordered

Types of accents

Native English accents (social, geographical variation, different countries or different regions of the same country)

Foreign accents (non-native)

“Baby” or toddler accent

Accent and dialect archives

George Mason University http://accent.gmu.edu/

IDEA: International Dialects of English Archive http://web.ku.edu/~idea/

BBC http://sounds.bl.uk/Accents-and-dialects

Google “youtube” + accent And the name of the accent but be careful it’s not

someone who thinks they can do 27 accents

Native accentsWhen you have spoken English from birth

Native English accents

United States and CanadaAustralia, New ZealandEngland, Ireland, ScotlandIndia, Africa (“World Englishes”)

These sound very fishy to Americans!! But they are native accents of English

Lexical sets (JC Wells)

A way to compare accents based on their vowels

Key words such as: kit, dress, lot, strut, bath, foot, bath, cloth, nurse, fleece, goat, goose, palm, face, choice, mouth, north, force

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_set#Wells_Standard_Lexical_Sets_for_English

Lexical set table

US vs. UK

American vs. English (two teachers) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nxFSXao4jCg&feature=

related

British People Try American Snacks https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4UEifGF8DU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jf9VdkWDiOA

Australians try US snacks

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8EXYqzKUOQMQ

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tg-b8skNNY0

Irish and Scottish “accent challenge”

Irish (see sheet of transcription A) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z4zBULlOgVI

Scottish (see sheet of transcription B) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H3ghe3UfN7o&feature=related

England – Standard to Cockney

Michael Caine http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBjp1oEZcwU

Cockney Star Trek http

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvGHIW3GQv8&feature=related

Cockneys Get a Cab https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OFxOqFRgD8o

England - Posh

Posh:

Jacob Rees-Moggs (see Transcription C) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x8U6aIXOqaw

Brian Sewell (see Transcription D) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3G618-hxgA

Daniel Radcliffe / Harry Potter

About his American accent and learning English from watching wrestling

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wqcCXzY4T5I

Prince William and Kate

Have you heard them speak very much?

What do you predict they will sound like?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bn-eglpPKh8

United States – Northeastern

New York Snooki and the Diet Doctor:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dFQH2GT1450&NR=1 Listen for ball, alcohol; watch doctor’s face

Boston Two Brahmins – dwindling:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfR4DLXYpCw Young woman witnessed crime:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XtR68AvwrCw&feature=related

Paula Deen

Peach Cobbler Listen for “red,” “today,” “my,” “boiling,”

“process,” “peaches” Words with diphthongs and interesting vowels Coda r -- is it there? http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Xdk_cfHA4o4

American Tongues

Ohio, Kentucky, Texas (7.5 minutes) http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=FiNsyXHBZak

Current US Vowel shifts

Northern Cities ShiftSouthern ShiftCalifornia ShiftGo out to websites that illustrate

www.pbs.org/speak/ahead/change/changin www.pbs.org/speak/ahead/change/vowelpo

wer/vowel.html

Foreign accentsIf we have time, we’ll start on foreign accents….

Foreign accents

Usually found in adults speaking a second language

Non-native speakers; L2 learners ELLs (English Language Learners) Often used for comedic effect

Sometimes used for social gain (North End) http://www.cnam.com/videoclips/American

%20Tongues/tongues_10northend.html

Foreign accents in comedy

You can watch these yourselves

Black comedian on Hispanic accents http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=LRnKlaWxz_8&NR=1&feature=endscreen

Hawaiian or Mexican, Spanish popularity http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=voNX6ow_Vso&feature=relmfu

General sound of a language

Adam Hills: mimicking languages by sound http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=Kcv8tXZKrqk&feature=player_detailpage

Swedish chef turtle soup: http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=j1KSaUEu_T4&feature=endscreen&NR=1

Foreign accents

Accented English speech from these countries: Spain (Small p. 301, CD 3, track 19) Japan (Small p. 302, CD 3, track 20) Russia (Small p. 303, CD 3, track 22)

Try to transcribe some of them

Danish Lego designer

Listen to Kurt’s accent

Creator of Super Star Destroyer, which is Darth Vader’s ship http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ny9rhYG4t_g

Knock Knock Jokes (KKJ)

A big chunk of KKJs are based on accent

So the name/word correlation is one that might be found in the speech of someone with a foreign accent

Phonetic distance is key!

In KKJs and puns

We have to be able to figure out the punchline

If it’s too far off, it’s not funny, like… Pet shops: “Petness First” or groomer in

Salem called “It’s Raining Pets”

The genius of the chart

The consonant chart has rhyme and reason Columns basically represent place of

articulation Rows basically represent manner of

articulation Variants that are close are recognizable

IPA consonant chart

KKJ: Replacement for eth

Knock-knock Who’s there?

Despair! Despair who?

Despair tire is flat!

KKJ: Different Fricative

Knock-knock Who’s there?

Sarah! Sarah who?

Sarah phone I could use?

KKJ: Substitution of v/w, ch/sh

Knock-knock Who’s there?

Veal chop! Veal chop who?

Veal chop around and see what bargains vee can pick up.

KKJ: H-dropping

Knock-knock Who’s there?

Adair! Adair who?

Adair once but now I’m bald

KKJ: Syllable structure

Knock-knock Who’s there?

Lisa! Lisa who?

Lisa you could do is let me in!

KKJ: Initial Unstressed Syllables

Knock-knock Who’s there?

Vitamin! Vitamin who?

Vitamin for a party!

A couple of interesting kids

From Small Fundamentals of Phonetics7-year-old girl who exhibits gliding and

vocalization p. 257, CD 3, track 13

4-year-old boy who exhibits initial consonant deletion and glottal insertion p. 259, CD 3, track 14

Bugs Bunny (if there’s time)

Hillbilly Hare http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=IQQGSsI87kA&feature=related Watch for hillbilly /s/ And Bugs’ accent

Phonetic Inventory Sentences

Transcribe for your accent

Guess which vowels may differ before listening to the samples

NYC, Midland, Southern, AAVE, Panama, Taiwan (CP CD 4, tracks 16 to 21)

New Zealand Vowels

http://www.ualberta.ca/~johnnewm/NZEnglish/sounds.html

Save this for a homework assignment

Have students play them to friends and ask their American friends to identify what word they hear