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Emilee Mathews presentation for "New Voices in the Profession" session at the VRA + ARLIS/NA 2nd Joint Conference in Minneapolis, MN.
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Close Encounters of the Third KindImage Reference and Instruction for Film
Studies
Emilee Mathews Indiana University
Film Studies• Studies the artform of film• Related to English, theater,
and communications• Relation to art history, as a
primarily visual art form
• Film stills• Image reference
Close Encounters of the Third Kind, publicity photo
Interdisciplinary survey, 2010
ENG C&C A H Total
Rarely 3 4 0 7
Sometimes 18 5 1 24
Often 21 19 3 43
Always or Almost Always 4 9 38 51
5
15
25
35
45
55Rarely
Sometimes
Often
Always or Almost Always
Survey Question: Do you use images for teaching, presenting, or for evidence in research papers?
ENG C&C A H Total Number
Always a general depiction
0 0 0 0
Usually a general depiction
24 7 1 32
Equally both 9 15 3 27
Usually a specific image
13 14 34 61
Always a specific image
0 1 4 5
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
Always a general depictionUsually a general depictionEqually bothUsually a specific imageAlways a specific image
Interdisciplinary survey, 2010
Survey Question: When you try to find images, are you looking for a specific image (such as a specific artwork) or a generalized depiction or concept?
Interdisciplinary survey, 2010
ENG C&C A H Total
Scan from Books 33 21 39 93
Google 43 37 38 118
MS Office 6 1 0 7
Snapfish/Flickr 7 5 17 29
Artstor 12 1 36 49
Camio 1 0 10 11
DIDO 3 1 36 40
Ebsco Images 10 8 5 23
Other 10 15 11 36
1030507090
110130Scan from Books
GoogleMS OfficeSnapfish/FlickrArtstorCamioDIDOEbsco ImagesOther
Survey Question: What platforms have you used to procure images for your schoolwork? Check all that apply:
Interdisciplinary survey, 2010
ENG C&C A H Total
Yes 6 5 33 44
No 39 30 6 75
Don't know 1 2 3 6
5
15
25
35
45
55
65
75
YesNoDon't know
Survey Question: Have you had instruction from the library or from your professors in available image resources and how to use these resources?
Respondents’ Subdepartments of Communication and Culture (CMCL) at Indiana University
Rhetoric and Public Culture
Performance and Ethnography
Film and Media Studies
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Survey question: What is your area of study within Communication and Culture?
Master's
PhD
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Survey question: Are you a Master’s or PhD student? Also, what year are you in your studies?
Level of coursework
Average: 8.4 years
Respondents’ Areas of Research
“The use of moving pictures in early cinema circa 1900. Early adoption of computer technology by experimental filmmakers/video artists in the early 70s.”
“audience reception and use of media, particularly film stars”
“…media, celebrity, and the ‘obesity crisis.’”
“Audience and fan studies; star studies, focusing on silent-era stars; cultural memory; pop music; queer studies”
“…city space, technology, and masculinity within the action film genre…Historical image archives would be extremely helpful for this...”
“Shakespeare and youth culture, particularly through film and online media”“experimental cinema, home movies”
Frequency of Image Use
Never or not very often
Sometimes
Often
Very often or almost always
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Survey question: Do you use images in your research?
Purpose of Images in Scholarship
“…I also use images to discuss "bodies" across different spectra, from gender to the abstractness of visceral action to reception and consumption of those body images.”
Survey question: How do you use these images? What kinds of evidence do they provide?
“Visible evidence of filmic practices. To prove provenance of films.”
“Often used to illustrate a specific point; serve as evidence of continuation of some kind of star image or persona replicating over time”
“Close readings of images as well as context for larger arguments”
“Because it is such a visual genre…film stills… are really important.”
Problems with Image Retrieval
Survey question: What are some of the problems you encounter when using images for your research?
“Often the photos are removed from newspaper articles due to copyright. My areas of research are often not scanned or easily locatable online.”
“Mainly, accessibility (or lack thereof) and trying not to use the same 10 or 12 images that appear everywhere online. Trying to get image captures from online video.”
“I work with a lot of very recent media, so sometimes it's difficult to find or make stills.”
“…images on databases tend to be pretty standard, not the fringier stuff I tend to need, in terms of pop culture and popular genres.”
Problems with Image Retrieval
Survey question: What are some of the problems you encounter when using images for your research?
“Honestly, I don't fully understand the copyright and fair use rules for image use in my writing; I'd like to incorporate more images into my writing, but I'm never entirely sure whether film stills or other images are legally fair game or not”
“copyrights”
“--Having to get rights to reproduce --Fees involved with this --Finding images in other places that online; finding images that haven't been reproduced hundreds of times already…”
Problems with Image Retrieval
Survey question: What are some of the problems you encounter when using images for your research?
“…low image quality from image capture of motion pictures (which I can only do as a screen shot)…”
“Main problem is converting screen grabs to proper publishing formats (dpi, resolution, size, etc.).”
Survey question: Which of the following instruction topics would be most useful to you in your research?
Other
Technical aspects such as metadata and file formats
Copyright issues pertaining to the use of film stills in research
An overview of recommended image databases and how to use them effectively
How to construct effective search queries for images
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
“conversion of image files to standardized publish-ready images”
“I would like information about all of these topics!”
Most useful topics for the blog
Literature Review
The User: Barrett, Andy. "The Information-Seeking Habits of Graduate Student Researchers in the Humanities." The Journal of Academic
Librarianship 31, no. 4 (July 2005): 324-31.
The Librarian:Wallach, Ruth. “The academic art library in the age of interdisciplinary discourse.” in Amanda Gluibizzi and Paul Glassman, eds. The Handbook of Art and Design Librarianship. London: Facet Publishing, 2010. 265-276.
Literature Review
The resources:Allen, Michelle, Jessica Gardner, Helen Hanson, and Dominic Prosser. “E-learning at the University of Exeter Library.” SCONUL Focus 35 (Summer/Autumn 2005): 22-24.
Stephen Bottomore. “Cinema museums—a worldwide list.” Film History 18 (2006): 261-273.
______. “A Critical View of Some Major Libraries: The Perspective of an Early Cinema Historian.” The Moving Image 4, no. 2 (Fall 2004): 86-110.
Literature Review
Fair Use:Thompson, Kristin. “Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of the Society For Cinema Studies, ‘Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills.’” http://www.cmstudies.org/resource/resmgr/docs/fairusefilmstills.pdf (accessed March 18, 2011).
Relevant links
For the blog:http://filmstillsresources.blog.com
To look more closely at the survey results:http://emileemathews.weebly.com
To contact me:Emilee [email protected]
Acknowledgments
I would like to thank the following Indiana University librarians for their advice and support:
Chanitra BishopAngela CourtneyCarrie DonovanEileen FrySherri MichaelsDavid OldenkampTony White
