Colloquium about the Kalagan Tribe

Brgy. Gumalang, Baguio District, Davao City

in

School: Elias P. Dacudao Gumalang School of Home and Industries

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Rationale

The Social Studies 10 students of Holy Cross of College, College Department, under Mr. Kid Mar V. Narido, the instructor, will conduct a cultural community study to gather information regarding the Kalagan tribe in Barangay Gumalang, Baguio District, Davao City as part of their requirement in completing the course. It is of great value among Social Studies 10 students to immerse themselves in the community.

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Rationale

To state, there is still lack of public knowledge about the richness of their culture, specifically their roots, practices, beliefs, arts and crafts, historical sites, folklore, and technologies. These limitations brought the students to unveil the family lifestyle of the Kalagan tribe in the aforementioned barangay. Indeed, it is challenging among Social Studies 10 class that they do not confine themselves in four corners of their classrooms but enjoy to do things merited for their cause of finding out or reasons and pieces of learning or information that this study will bring out.

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To become knowledgeable or aware is essential, it helps to obtain the maximum level of understanding of the students regarding the said activity. Moreover, this study will give a new set of sociological facts about the existence of the Kalagan tribe. The study is also designed to highlight holistically the basic features of the commonly shared patterns of family cultures of the Kalagan tribe.

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These are the reasons why Social Studies 10 class had come up to this idea for the students, parents, Indigenous Cultural Community (ICC) to make them feel that they are part of the community, promote equality, and to appreciate the value and uniqueness of their culture.

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With the stakeholders, this collaborative effort is in line with the vision of the school by being Maka-Tao, socially aware and responsive. Thus, quality education among the students and the multitude of people in the said community or outside of its premises may not be obscure. Furthermore, this community and cultural study will revive and unveil more some pieces of information of this tribe to the mainstream people.

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This study is also useful to History teachers and students as this provides additional references for their teaching and research works. This will benefit also particularly the Holy Cross College of Calinan students who are interested to know more about sociological or anthropological research and other works.

Presenters’ Name

• Ariel Dumael

• Marlon Jay Inso

• Loudette Kaye Almencion

• Janice Niñal

• Pops Mae Joromat

• Girly Mae Ido

• Neliza Dela Cerna

Title of the study:

“AN EMPIRICAL CULTURAL STUDY OF KALAGAN TRIBE IN BARANGAY GUMALANG,

BAGUIO DISTRICT, DAVAO CITY”

Overview of the Presentation:

History of Barangay Gumalang

Political/Geographical Area of Barangay Gumalang

Discussion of Findings of the Study

Conclusion

Recommendation

History of Barangay Gumalang

In the late 18th century, the colonizing activities of the Spanish were about to overpower the local Datus. Because of this, some Datus looked for places to evacuate and settle down. One of them was Datu Bago who together with his followers was living along the seashore. They planned together to vacate a place where they can settle in peace and harmony.

Their hunting activities brought a young hunter who is a member of their tribe to a virgin forest. In his hunting space, he felt tired so he looked to a place to rest. Realizing that along the river is suited for human habitation, he returned to his community near the seashore and told the leaders that he saw an abundant place that can be settled down by their tribe.

The place was showered with nature’s abundance. Upon reaching there, the Datu’s agreed to subdivide the place among themselves; the Western (now Wines), Southern part (now Malagos), Eastern part (now Lacson) and the Northern part (now Tamugan). They began establishing their sectors according to the laws of the tribe headed by Datu.

The center of the different sectors which was the source of the crystal clear water was named “Gumaang” a Diangan word which means a “big river”. Sooner and until now it becomes Gumalang.

Gumalang being a fertile land was the dream of settlers who aspired for a bright future through agriculture. The fertility of the place persuaded many migrant families to come including the families of Alejo, Ong, Pasaporte, and Fuentes. They migrated to Gumalang and begun a fruitful endeavor. Then, the enterprising Japanese established an abaca plantation.

The history of Gumalang is blessed with heroic deeds by its pioneering settlers and its progress is the joint efforts of its leaders and the co-cord of its inhabitants.

Political/Geographical Area

of Barangay Gumalang

No. of Purok/s: 12

Congressional Dist.: 3rd District

Political District: Baguio

Barangay: Gumalang Total Land Area

1, 517.50 Hectares

As of Year 2010

Bisaya/Cebuano

Ata

Ilonggo

Tagalog

Boholano

Bagobo: Tagabawa, Guiangan and Obo

Ilokano

Kaolo

As of Year 2010

Discussion of Findings and

Results

Ethno-history of Kalagan Tribe Barangay Gumalang is inhabited with the

Kalagan Tribe. The people in Barangay Gumalang tagged them as Tagakaolo but they do not accept it because Tagakaolos are Muslims.

This tribe did not really emerge in Barangay Gumalang but they originated from Malita, Davao Del Sur whose tribal leader is Datu Maltina Masiwil. The barangay is lived by this tribe approximately since 2004. It was Mr. Masian Uboc’s family who came in Gumalang first after his cousin, Sitta, who was living in Calinan beforeintroduced him to the barangay captain of Gumalang.

There are some reasons why this tribe moved in Barangay Gumalang because of poor living conditions.

• Less job opportunities• The school is far.• No access to electricity and potable water

At present, the community of the Kalagan Tribe in the said barangay is composed of approximately 50 Individuals who are regular voters.

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Material Possessions

A. Dwelling

• The common house of this tribe built in their community are made up of bamboo, “amakan” and wood.

• Their small community is situated near the river bank and most household is surrounded with flora and vegetable garden.

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• It is noticed that some of the households have electricity connections. When there is an electricity shortage, they will use lamp or “lampara”.

• The access of water is very evident in their place because of the presence of communal faucet. They use this water for washing and taking bath and its other uses.

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• Water also is such a big help to them especially in their sanitation.

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The exodus of this tribe from Malita made it hard for them to pack up their things. They were not able to bring their tribal garments and accessories as these would add to the bulk of their load, thus, making their transportation fee to increase also.

B. Garment and Accessories

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C. Musical Instruments

They were not able to bring also their musical instruments from Malita.

According to them, they have “Katimbo” and “Gitara” during their former settlement in Malita. They would play the “Agong” in an uncommon sound which signifies a death of one of their tribal members. They make also sound during birthdays by using bamboo or “kawayan”.

C. Musical Instruments

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• They have house implements like the typical settlers in barangay Gumalang.

Some common examples are “kaldero,” plastic cups, knife, bolo, etc.

• They use also electronic appliances like television and radio.

D. House Implements

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D. House Implements

She uses “alho” and “lusong”. It is usually used to make native coffee powder.

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Culture of the tribe in different areas:

A. Family Leadership

• The father is usually the head of the family. He is the one who works to sustain the needs of his family.

• The mother is usually the one who takes care of her children.

• Both of them decide for the good and welfare of their family.

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B. Family Income Affair

All of them continue to work hard to feed their grumbling stomach each day.

• Most of the families’ earnings come from their jobs. One of which is by husking coconut for copra production. With that work, they would earn a meager amount of 150 pesos a day only.

• Some of them also are employed in DAVCO and DOLE

in which they would earn a minimum wage (P302.00) a day. However, that is still subject for deductions like SSS, PhilHealth, etc.

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• They have also engaged in small business like “sari-sari store”.

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C. Family Relationship C. Family Relationship

Close Family TiesTo the Kalagan, family comes first and

family is everything. They live with it and depend on it. Their dreams, aspirations and life are always centered on their family. This family solidarity keeps the Kalagans to be positive amidst everything. They work hard to ensure a better life for the family.

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C. Family Relationship

• The parents also encourage their children to have a formal education in order for them to have a good future.

Conclusion

Based on the aforementioned findings on the Kalagan Tribe lifestyle, the following conclusions were made:

• The Kalagan Tribe in Barangay Gumalang are still observing their classical lifestyle in dealing with their families.

• At present in Barangay Gumalang, the Bisaya and Kalagan who are settling respect one

another.

• With the gradual development of civilization, the Kalagan Tribe have started to adopt the modern way of living.

Based on the aforementioned findings on the Kalagan Tribe lifestyle, the following conclusions were made:

• The Kalagan Tribe in Barangay Gumalang mostly rely on farming while few of them are working in DAVCO (Davao Venture Cooperative) and DOLE Stanfilco Philippines operating in the barangay.

• They also earned money from their small business like “sari-sari store”.

Recommendations

• Remind the young generation and other members of the tribe about their cultural roots to avoid obscurement.

• The barangay officials must allot the Kalagan Tribe a legal and enough space of land for farming.

• The barangay officials with the partnership of the city government must conduct a livelihood program for the Kalagan Tribe at least once a month.

• The barangay officials must conduct a seminar about basic entrepreneurship to the Kalagan Tribe.

Based on the findings of the empirical study of the Kalagan culture, the following are recommended:

• To enrich the results of this empirical study, future social scientists are encouraged to investigate more about the literary pieces of the tribe.

Based on the findings of the empirical study of the Kalagan culture, the following are recommended:

Thank You.