2. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 3 KEY CONCEPTS: DIFFUSION: the movement
of substances from an area of greater concentration to an area of
less concentration STRUCTURE & FUNCTION: the shape (structure)
of something affects the work (function) that it can perform
SURFACE AREA: increased surface area increases the amount of
activity that can take place 3. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION What does
the structure of an object have to do with its function? The work
(function) that an object can perform is controlled by its shape
(structure). VELCRO COCKLEBUR 4. DIFFUSION What body systems use
diffusion in order to function properly? Some of the body systems
that use diffusion to perform their functions are digestive
(villi), respiratory (alveoli), excretory (kidney) and circulatory
(capillaries). 5. SURFACE AREA Explain the relationship between the
villi and the terry cloth. The villi and the terry cloth both have
projections to increase their surface area. VILLI TERRY CLOTH 6.
SURFACE AREA, DIFFUSION, STRUCTURE & FUNCTION How do all three
of these concepts help the villi function? The villi are structures
(projections) that increase the surface area of the small intestine
so they can perform their function of absorption by diffusion. 7.
Body System Functions DIGESTIVE Convert food into smaller molecules
RESPIRATORY Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide CIRCULATORY Move
blood through the body EXCRETORY Removes wastes from the blood
NERVOUS Responds to internal and external stimuli SKELETAL Supports
and protects the body 8. DIGESTIVE - Cnidarian Cnidarian One
digestive tract opening; mouth and anus are the same 9. DIGESTIVE -
Annelida Annelid Two digestive openings, long tube; has crop
(stores food), gizzard (grinds food), intestine (absorbs food) 10.
DIGESTIVE Arthropoda Arthropod Two digestive openings, long tube;
has crop (stores food), stomach, intestines, rectum 11. DIGESTIVE -
Mammal Mammal Two digestive openings, long tube; stomach,
intestines (villi), rectum 12. RESPIRATORY - Cnidarian Cnidarian
Diffusion of gases from water through body cells 13. RESPIRATORY -
Annelida Annelid Diffusion of gases through the skin 14.
RESPIRATORY - Arthropods Spiders: book lungs (folds increase
surface area) Crayfish: layers of featherlike gills Spider Book
lung Spiracles Tracheal tubes Gills Crayfish Insects: spiracles
(holes in abdomen) and tracheal tubes for breathing 15. RESPIRATORY
- Mammalia Lungs with alveoli Alveoli Mammal 16. CIRCULATORY -
Cnidaria Cnidarian No heart, no vessels, no blood; nutrients
diffuse from cell to cell 17. CIRCULATORY - Annelida Annelid Closed
CLOSED SYSTEM (blood never leaves the vessels); aortic arches (5
pair primitive hearts), vessels 18. CIRCULATORY - Arthropoda Insect
Open OPEN SYSTEM (blood leaves the vessels, heart pumps blood into
body cavity) 19. CIRCULATORY - Mammalia Mammal CLOSED SYSTEM;
heart, complex system of arteries, veins and capillaries 20.
EXCRETORY - Cnidarian Cnidarian diffusion of waste out of cells
into water 21. EXCRETORY - Annelida Annelid Kidney-like nephridia
tubes filter waste from blood 22. EXCRETORY - Arthropoda Arthropod
Sac-like organs remove waste from blood 23. EXCRETORY - Mammal
Mammal Kidneys (with complex tube system) remove wastes from blood
24. NERVOUS - Cnidarian Cnidarian Nerve net consisting of neurons
only, no brain 25. NERVOUS - Annelida Brain Nerve cord Annelid
Primitive brain with two nerve cords, some sensory organs 26.
NERVOUS - Arthropod Arthropod Primitive brain; ventral nerve cord;
sense organs 27. NERVOUS - Mammalia Human well-developed brain with
a dorsal nerve cord; nerve network; sense organs 28. SKELETAL
Cnidaria, Annelida No skeleton Cnidarian Annelid 29. SKELETAL -
Arthropods Exoskeleton (hard body covering made of chitin)
Exoskeleton 30. SKELETAL - Mammalia Endoskeleton (an internal
structure made of bone and cartilage) Endoskeleton 31. SKELETAL
Endoskeleton Exoskeleton
