COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

MADE BY:-

ALOK TIWARI

SAGAR SONI

WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

A computer is a programmable

machine designed to sequentially

and automatically carry out a

sequence of arithmetic or logical

operations

BASIC COMPUTER OPERATION

1. Input: This is the process of entering data and programs

in to

the computer system. You should know that computer is an

electronic machine like any other machine, which takes as

input

raw data and performs some processing giving out

processed

data. Therefore, the input unit takes data from us to the

computer

in an organized manner for processing.

2. Storage: The process of saving data and

instructions permanently is known as storage. Data

has to be fed into the system before the actual

processing starts. It is because the processing speed

of Central Processing Unit (CPU) is so fast that the

data has to be provided to CPU with the same speed.

Therefore the data is

first stored in the storage unit for faster access and

processing.

This storage unit or the primary storage of the

computer system

is designed to do the above functionality

3. PROCESSING T H E TA S K O F P E R F O R M I N G O P E R AT I O N S L I K E A R I T H M E T I C A N D LO G I C A L O P E R AT I O N S I S C A L L E D P R O C E SS I N G . T H E C E N T R A L P R O C E SS I N G U N I T ( C P U ) TA K E S D ATA A N D I N S T R U C T I O N S F R O M T H E S T O R A G E U N I T A N D M A K E S A L L S O RT S O F C A L C U L AT I O N S B A S E D O N T H E I N S T R U C T I O N S G I V E N A N D T H E T Y P E O F D ATA P R OV I D E D . T H E R E S U LT I S T H E N S E N T B A C K T O T H E S T O R A G E U N I T .

4. Output: This is the process of producing results from the data for getting useful information. The results could either be displayed on the screen or may be printed for future reference. The output unit therefore allows the results to be either stored inside the computer for further processing or may give you the results in human readable form.

COMPUTER HARDWARE

COMPONENTS

1.MOTHERBOARD

2.POWER SUPPLY

3.REMOVABLE MEDIA DEVICES

4. SECONDARY STORAGE

5.INPUT/OUTPUT PHERIPHERALS.

1.MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the main

component inside the case. It

is a large rectangular board

with integrated circuitry that

connects the other parts of the

computer including the CPU,

the RAM, the disk drives (CD,

DVD hard disk or any others)

as well as any peripherals

connected via the ports or the

expansion slots.

2.POWER SUPPLYA power supply unit (PSU)

converts alternating current (AC)

electric power to low-voltage DC

power for the internal components

of the computer.. Power supply

units used in computers are

nearly always switch mode power

supplies (SMPS). The SMPS

provides regulated direct current

power at the several voltages

required by the motherboard and

accessories such as disk drives

and cooling fans.

3.REMOVABLE MEDIA

DEVICESIn computer storage, removable media

refers to storage media which is

designed to be removed from the

computer without powering the

computer off. Some types of

removable media are designed to be

read by removable readers and drives.

Examples include:

Optical discs (Blu-ray discs, DVDs,

CDs)

Memory cards(CompactFlash card,

Secure Digital card, Memory Stick)

Floppy disks / Zip disks Magnetic

tapes

Paper data storage (punched cards,

punched tapes

4.SECONDARY STORAGEsecondary storage is a

storage medium that

holds information until

it is deleted or

overwritten regardless

if the computer has

power. For example, a

floppy disk drive and

hard disk drive are both

good examples of

secondary storage

devices.

5.INPUT/OUT-PUT DEVICES

In computing,

input/output, or I/O,

refers to the

communication between

an information processing

system (such as a

computer), and the

outside world, possibly a

human, or another

information processing

system. Inputs are the

signals or data received

by the system, and

outputs are the signals or

data sent from it.

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