CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER

DUE TO INDUSTRIALIZATION, URBANIZATION AND AGRICULTURE.

INTRODUCTION WATER

POLLUTION/CONTAMINATION CONTAMINATION OF SURFACE

WATER BY INDUSTRIALIZATION,URBANIZATION AND AGRICULTURE.

CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER BY INDUSTRIALIZATION,URBANIZATION AND AGRICULTURE.

REMEDIAL MEASURES CONCLUSION REFERENCE

CONTENTS.

WATER RESOURCE.

Earth Is A Water Planet.

Earth is often referred to as `the water planet'.

Earth is unique amongst planets of our solar system because of its abundant water - in oceans, in the atmosphere, in glaciers and as fresh water on land.

Without water, life could not exist.

DISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES

CONSUMPTION OF WATER RESOURCES

WATER POLLUTIONWater pollution is contamination of

water bodies (e g: lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater) .This form of environmental degradation occurs when pollutants are directly or indirectly discharged into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

WATER POLLUTION

SURFACE WATER POLLUTION

POINT SOURCES(SE

WAGE,OIL

SEEPAGE

ETC)

NON POINT SOURCES(ARGICULTURAL RUNO

FF)

GROUND WATER POLLUTION

TYPES OF WATER POLLUTION.

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION

Surface water is usually rain water that collects in surface water bodies, like oceans, lakes, or streams.

.Surface water pollution occurs when hazardous substances come into contact and either dissolve or physically mix with the water.

Because of the close relationship between sediments and surface water, contaminated sediments are often considered part of surface water contamination.

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION BY INDUSTRIES .

Industries produce huge amount of waste which contains toxic chemicals and pollutants which can cause water pollution.

Industries discharge a variety of pollutants including heavy metals , resin pellets, organic toxins, oils, nutrients, and solids.

The toxic chemicals have the capability to change the color of water, increase the amount of minerals, also known as Eutrophication.

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION BY URBANIZATION

Urban areas have the potential to pollute water in many ways.

Untreated or poorly treated sewage can be low in dissolved oxygen and high in pollutants such as fecal colliform bacteria, nitrates, phosphorus, chemicals, and other bacteria.

Garbage dumps, toxic waste and chemical storage and leaking house hold actives .

SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION BY AGRICULTURE

Over the past few decades, the increase in population and advances made in farming technology has increased the demand for crops and livestock .This growth in agricultural production has resulted in an increase in contaminants polluting soil and water ways.

Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used by farmers to protect crops from insects and bacteria.They are useful for the plants growth.When these chemicals are mixed up with water they are harmful for plants and animals.

When rains comes, the chemicals mixes up with rainwater and flow down into rivers and canals which pose serious damages for aquatic

KUKKARAHALLI LAKE WATER CONTAMINATION

GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

• Groundwater is also one of our most important sources of water for irrigation. Unfortunately, groundwater is susceptible to pollutants .

• Groundwater contamination occurs when man-made products such as gasoline, oil, road salts and chemicals get into the groundwater and cause it to become unsafe and unfit for human use.

GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION BY INDUSTRISES

Processing water and water for cleaning purposes from manufacturing industries when returned to the hydrological cycle causes contamination.

Disposal of wastes associated with spillage and leaks sources to groundwater contamination.

Underground and above ground storage tanks holding petroleum products, acids, solvents and chemicals can develop leaks from corrosion, defects, improper installation, or mechanical failure of the pipes and fittings.

Mining of fuel and non-fuel minerals can create many opportunities for groundwater contamination.

Continued…..

GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION BY URBANIZATION

As the population increases requirement of basic needs also increases. Water requirement also gradually increases for various purposes.

Residential waste water systems can be a source of many categories of contaminants, including bacteria, viruses, nitrates from human waste, and organic compounds.

Injection wells used for domestic wastewater disposal (septic systems, cesspools, drainage wells for storm water runoff, groundwater recharge wells) are of particular concern to groundwater quality if located close to drinking water wells.

When stored in garages or basements with floor drains, spills and flooding may introduce such contaminants into the groundwater. When thrown in the household trash, the products will eventually be carried into the groundwater because community landfills are not equipped to handle hazardous materials. Wastes dumped or buried in the ground can contaminate the soil and leach into the groundwater. Properly storing or disposing of household chemicals such as paints, synthetic detergents, solvents, oils, medicines, disinfectants, pool chemicals, pesticides, batteries, gasoline and diesel fuel can lead to groundwater contamination.

Continued….

GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION BY AGRICULTURE

Pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides and animal waste are agricultural sources of groundwater contamination.

spillage of fertilizers and pesticides during handling, runoff from the loading and washing of pesticide sprayers or other application equipment.

Storage of agricultural chemicals near conduits to groundwater, such as open and abandoned wells, sink holes, or surface depressions where pounded water is likely to accumulate.

Contamination may also occur when chemicals are stored in uncovered areas, unprotected from wind and rain, or are stored in locations where the groundwater flows from the direction of the chemical storage to the well.

Continued…..

80% of all illness in developing countries is caused by water related diseases.

90% of waste water in developing countries is discharged directly into rivers and streams without treatment.

40% of deaths caused by water contamination in the world

EFFECTS OF WATER POLLUTION

JAUNDICE

CANCER

SOME OF THE DISEASES CAUSED BY CONTAMINATION OF WATER RESOURCES

Locate the point sources of pollution. Work against acid rain. Educate your community. Ensure sustainable sewage treatment. Watch out for toxins. Be careful what you throw away. Use water efficiently. Prevent pollution . Think globally, act locally.

REMEDIAL MEASURES

Prevention Pays - Remedy Costsand

The Prevention is in Our Hands

REFERENCESTextbook of Environmental Studies by Deeksha Dave & S.S.Katewa. (Chapter 5,pg no:151-211)Ecology and Environment by K.Sanyal , M.Kundu & S. Rana. (Chapter 3,5 pg no:69)Understanding Environmental Pollution by Marquita.K.Hill (Chapter 1,pg no:1-11)Water Supply And Pollution control Warren.Viessman,jr&Mark.J.Hammer(Chapter1,pgno1-22) Internet sources

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