Grammar II presents…

COORDINATION

Coordination vs

Subordination

COORDINATION

CONJOINS

The coordinated units

CONJOINT

The resulting combination

Coordinators

COORDINATING

CONJUNCTIONS

AND: cumulative

BUT: adversative

OR: alternative

SO: illative

Types of coordination

Syndetic: Slowly and stealthily, he crept towards his victim

Asyndetic:Slowly, stealthily, he crept towards his victim

Polysyndetic: The wind roared, and the lightning flashed, and the clouds raced across the sky

Characteristics of coordination

Coordinators are placed before a member.

Coordinated members are sequentially fixed.

Coordinators can’t be preceded by another coordinator

Coordinators can link elements.

Coordinators can link clauses and phrases.

The uses of “AND”

1. Sequence

2. Consequence

3. Contrast

4. Concession

5. Condition

6. Similarity

7. Addition

8. Explanation

and (then)

and (therefore)

and (in contrast)

and (yet)

and (then)

and (similarly)

and (also)

- and …

The uses of “OR” EXCLUSIVE: It excludes the possibility that the content of both clauses are trueYou can sleep on the couch or you can go to a hotel

INCLUSIVE:We can add a 3rd clause to include both optionsYou can boil an egg, or you can make a sandwich, or you can do both.

CORRECTIVE:The 2nd member is a restatement or a corrective of the 1st.They are enjoying themselves or they appear to be.

NEGATIVE CONDITION:Switch the radio or we’ll miss the news

The uses of “BUT”

The content of the 2nd element is unexpected

John is poor, but he is happy

The 2nd element expresses in positive terms what the negation in the 1st element conveys

Jane did not waste her time before the exam, but studied hard every evening.

CORRELATIVES

CORRELATIVES

EITHER…OR NEITHER…NOR BOTH…ANDNOT ONLY…

BUT ALSO

TYPES OF COORDINATION

Quasi

Pseudo

Appended

Gapping

Complex

Simple

TYPES

THE END