Coronary artery DiseaseIs the most prevalent type of

cardiovascular disease in adult

Coronary artery Disease

Is also called as Coronary atherosclerosisan abnormal accumulation of lipid or fatty

substances and fibrous tissue in the lining of arterial blood vessel walls

When your coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked, oxygen-rich blood can't reach your heart muscle. This can cause angina or a heart attack.

Signs and Symptoms chest pain or discomfortfeel pressure or a squeezing pain in chestfeel pain in shoulders, arms, neck, jaw, or

back. (pain tends to get worse with activity and go away when you rest)

Emotional stress also can trigger the pain.In short the s/sx of angina

Risk factorElevated blood lipid levelssmokingHypertensionDiabetes mellitusObesityFamily history of the disease

Diagnostic Tests ECG (Electrocardiogram) Stress TestingEchocardiographyChest X RayBlood Tests Electron-Beam Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography and Cardiac

Catheterization

Electron-Beam Computed Tomography This test finds and measures calcium

deposits (called calcifications) in and around the coronary arteries. The more calcium detected, the more likely you are to have CAD.

Coronary Angiography and Cardiac CatheterizationThis test uses dye and special x rays to

show the insides of your coronary arteries. A long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter

is put into a blood vessel in your arm, groin (upper thigh), or neck. The tube is then threaded into your coronary arteries, and the dye is released into your bloodstream. Special x rays are taken while the dye is flowing through your coronary arteries.

Collaborative management Lifestyle ChangesFollow a heart healthy eating plan to prevent

or reduce high blood pressure and high blood cholesterol and to maintain a healthy weight

Increase your physical activity. Check first to find out how much and what kinds of activity are safe for you.

Lose weight, if you're overweight or obese. Quit smoking, if you smoke. Avoid exposure

to secondhand smoke. Learn to cope with and reduce stress.

MedicinesanticoagulantsantiplateletACE inhibitors, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, nitroglycerin, glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, statins, and fish oil and

other supplements high in omega-3 fatty acids.

Surgical managementangioplasty coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG))

Pericarditis Is an inflammation of the pericardium, the

membranous sac of the heartMay lead to an accumulation of fluid in the

pericadial sac and increased pressure on the heart

It may be a primary illness or it may develop during various medical and surgical disorder

Also occur 10 days to 2 months after acute MI

Causes IdiopathicInfectionDisorder of connective tissueHypersensitivityNeoplastic diseaseTraumaTuberculosis

Signs and symptomsAsymptomaticChest painCreaky or scratchy friction sound (left lower

sternal border)

Other signsMild feverIncreased WBC countAnemia

Diagnostic testEchocardiogramCT-scanEcg

Collaborative managementMedical management:Analgesics and NSAIDsCorticosteroids

Surgical managementPericardiocentesisPericardiectomy

Congestive heart failureis a condition in which the heart's function

as a pump to deliver oxygen rich blood to the body is inadequate to meet the body's needs. Congestive heart failure can be caused by:

• diseases that weaken the heart muscle,

• diseases that cause stiffening of the heart muscles, or

• diseases that increase oxygen demand by the body tissue beyond the capability of the heart to deliver.

Causes coronary artery disease, high blood pressure (hypertension), longstanding alcohol abuse, and disorders of the heart valves. Diabetis

Signs and symptomsfatigue.Edemashortness of breathSome may be unable to sleep unless sitting

upright. increased urination, particularly at night. Accumulation of fluid in the liver and

intestines may cause nausea, abdominal pain, and decreased appetite.

Diagnostic testelectrocardiogram (ECG) and chest x-ray echocardiogram, ultrasound is used to

image the heart muscle, valve structures, and blood flow patterns.

Collaborative managementA less invasive modality, which can be

placed without surgery, is the biventricular pacemaker.

Medications• Angiotensin Converting Enzyme

(ACE) Inhibitors• angiotensin receptor blockers • Beta-blockers• Digoxin• Diuretics

Surgical managementHeart transplant

Thank you!