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I presented this talk at the Singapore National Library to librarians from the National Library Board and the Singapore Library Association. It is about the broken copyright system, Creative Commons, and the role that Creative Commons can play in cultural institutions like libraries.
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The Beauty of Some RightsReserved: An Introduction to
Creative Commons
Molly [email protected]
University of Michigan LibraryAugust 1, 2008
Outline
• The broken copyright system• Enter Creative Commons• The role of Creative Commons in libraries• Finding and using licensed work• Using Creative Commons licenses
The Broken Copyright System
The purpose of copyright
In the United States Constitution, thestated purpose of copyright law is “Topromote the progress of Science anduseful Arts.”
A similar philosophy is at the heart ofcopyright law all over the world.
Copyright basics
A bundle of rights…• The right to publish the work• The right to copy the work• The right to prepare derivative works• The right to display or perform the work• The right to license any of the above to third
parties.
Copyright basics
• Copyright happens automatically themoment a work is created
• Copyright lasts for the life of the creatorplus 70 years
• Copyright law is a complicatedpatchwork of updates, extensions, andinternational treaties.
Problems with the currentsystem
• Copyright holders who are difficult orimpossible to locate
• Uncertain right status of older works• Ordinary people deal with copyrighted
work every day, but the law is socomplicated, and so skewed in favor ofbig corporations, that they are at aconstant disadvantage.
Enter Creative Commons
What is Creative Commons?
Creative Commons provides free legal tools thatlet authors, scientists, artists, and educatorseasily mark their creative work with thefreedoms they want it to carry.
Why Creative Commons?
Copyright comes with several rights, andcreators may not want or need all ofthem.
Before Creative Commons, there was noeasy way for creators to give away rights,even if they wanted to.
Creative CommonsInternational
• The licenses have been ported to 47countries, including Singapore, withlicenses pending in 8 more.
• The porting process includes bothlinguistic translation and legal adaptation.
• There are offices in the U.S., Germany,and Brazil
Mix and Match Licenses
AttributionNon-CommercialShare AlikeNo Derivative Works
Creators combine the different elements tocreate a license that suits their needs, and tellsusers what they can and can’t do with thework.
The six major licenses
AttributionAttribution Share AlikeAttribution No DerivativesAttribution NoncommercialAttribution Noncommercial Share AlikeAttribution Noncommercial No Derivatives
Three kinds of code
1) Human Readable2) Lawyer Readable3) Machine Readable
Human Readable Code
Lawyer Readable Code
Machine Readable Code
<a rel="license"href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">
<img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/3.0/88x31.png" />
</a><br />This<span xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
href="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/"rel="dc:type">work</span> is licensed under a
<a rel="license"href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 License</a>.
Creative Commons in librariesand cultural institutions
Problems that CC helps solve
• Ambiguous copyright status• Lack of good resources that are free
from copyright restrictions• Difficulty sharing library-produced
content more broadly
Two ways to engageAs both producers and consumers of
copyrighted work…
• Libraries can adopt CC licenses for theirown creations, and encourage creatorsoutside the institution to use the licenses
• Libraries can collect CC licensed workand teach their users how to find it.
Where to find licensed work
• http://flickr.com• http://ccmixter.com• http://creativecommons.org• http://google.com/advanced_search
How to use licensed works
• Make sure that your use complies withthe terms of the license
• If your work will be online, include a linkback to the original work
• Attribute the original creator• Include the Creative Commons license
What can be licensed?
• Photographs• Video• Articles• Illustrations• Websites• Music• Any copyrighted creation, especially if it
is online.
Choosing a license
• Do you hold the copyright?• Are you comfortable with people profiting
from your work?• Are you comfortable with people
changing your work?• Do you want derivatives of your work to
carry Creative Commons licenses?
Applying a license
• Visit http://creativecommons.org topick a license.
• Copy and paste the code into yourwebsite.
A license notice
This work is licensed under a CreativeCommons Attribution NoncommercialSingapore 3.0 license.
Credits
“CC on Orange,” “CC on DISK” by Yamashita Yohei,http://www.flickr.com/photos/monana7“Creative Commons Moon” by Jeffrey Beall,http://www.flickr.com/photos/denverjeffrey“Warhol Creative Commons” by Barbara Galbraith,http://www.flickr.com/photos/bargal“A Spectrum of Rights” panel by Ryan Junell,http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/comics1Santa with CC logo by Lai Hiu-yeung Ryanne,http://www.flickr.com/photos/laihiu
