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Climate Smart Villages Concept, Experiences and Way Forward
Pramod Aggarwal CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food
Security
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South Asia: Home for 40% of World’s Poor
Source: World Bank, 2015
• > 1.6 billion people, 2.4% of the world’s land area and 17% of world’s population
• Still has high growth rate of population
• Tremendous progress in last 4 decades
Food consumption increased from 1900 kcals to > 2500 kcals
Average GDP growth >6%
Little food imports now
• Yet, 1/4th of the world’s hungry; 40% of the world’s malnourished children and women
• Lagging in MDGs
• Agriculture important for livelihood security of > 50% population
• Projected to be very vulnerable to climatic risks
Source: Maplecroft, 2010
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Climate-smart villages: Integrated solutions leading to higher
income, resilience, adaptation and mitigation
Several initiatives; top-down approach; lack of synergy among interventions; limited capacity of stakeholders
Strategy • Integrated farmer participatory approach • Builds on local knowledge and plans • Precision agronomy principles-sensors • Use of modern ICT tools • Capacity strengthening and technology
targeting
For more details visit www.ccafs.org
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Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
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Climate Smart Villages
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2013-14
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Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
2015-16
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2010 2012 2014 2016
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Climate Smart Villages
in South Asia
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2010 2012 2014 2016
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Priorities in IGP 2011-15:
Focus area 1: Design and demonstration of community led climate-smart agriculture in
benchmark CCAFS sites/villages (April 2011: CCAFS PMC)
Work with rural communities to provide science
driven actions addressing overall goals of
development
1. Theme 2, 3 and 4: Bio-economic household modelling
(prioritizing components of climate smart land use
system)
2. Theme 2: PAR on risk management strategies
(weather forecasting; insurance; food, forage, seed
and water banks; adapted varieties; RCTs)
3. Theme 3: Mitigation potential of interventions
4. Theme 1: Analogues to provide knowledge of
adaptation options in other regions; farmer exchange
5. Theme 1: ITKs
6. Theme 4: Gender studies
Partners: CG centers, Ag Univ, IFFKO, PRADAN, IMD
Linkages: MGNREGA, NFSM, NMSA, AIC/ICICI
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Integration: Participatory action research - climate smart villages/farms (Nov 2011, CCAFS-SC)
Objective:
• To test and validate, in partnership with
rural communities and other
stakeholders, a scalable climate-smart
model for agricultural development that
includes a range of innovative
agricultural risk management strategies
Partners: Farmers and rural communities
Agricultural research agencies
Meteorology data and research agencies
Knowledge partners
Agencies for community management and developmental activities (Govt and NGOs)
Private sector such as banks, Insurance companies, seed companies, rural ICT providers
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Consensus needed on CSV
definition/concept
1. CSV to integrate CSA- technologies, institutions, village development
plans
2. CSV to facilitate collaboration among diverse partners
3. CSV- a participatory approach
4. CSV to identify adaptation domains of technological interventions
5. CSV as operational model for scaling- up: LAPA, development and
industry partners
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Need to address criticism of CSVs
• Old wine in new bottle: Re-packaging historical
CGIAR/NARES agronomy work
• No science but demonstrations
• Landscape versus village approach
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Climate-smart villages-
spatial considerations
• Many farmers in a village practicing one climate-
smart technology or practice
• Some farmers practicing several CSA technologies
and practices
• All farmers practising all CSA interventions
• Scale: field/farm/village/landscape/region
Net result : Increase in atleast two pillars
(Productivity/income, resilience/adaptation,
mitigation) of CSA on an average
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Climate-Smart Villages-
temporal considerations
• Are we adapting to current climatic variability
or to climate change: climatic risks beyond
current climatic variability?
• How do we prove that synergies are maintained
in future?
• How to ensure that we do not promote
maladaptation and mainstreamed CSV
programs are robust?
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Climate-Smart Villages-
Social considerations
• Impact on women
• Involvement of youth
• Equity issues
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1. Need for addressing current climatic variability as well as climate change explicitly
2. Methodology evolution for this purpose- field research versus modelling
3. Robust evidence base for synergies and trade-offs
4. Adaptation domains of CSVs
5. Business models for scaling-out by governments and industry
Conclusions:
Climate-smart villages2:
