1. THE BICYCLE Velocipede Velocipede was created in Paris
around 1860. The main characteristic was the bigger size of the
fore wheel to which pedals were connected; wood wheels were iron
covered. The main problems were be able to bike while you turn the
handlebars and the other was limited speed. Penny-farthing In this
particular bike the fore wheel was enormously big compared to the
back wheel.Therefore the rider was sitting at an high level from
the ground. It was dangerous to go biking up a hill. Old people and
women prefered other kind of bike. Racing-bike By the end of 1960s
bikes gained a new notoriety thanks to the Americans. Sales doubled
from 1960 to 1970 and doubled again from 1970 to 1972. The most
popular were racing bikes because they were ligther than the other
ones. By the end 1980s racing bikes dominated the market in north
America and old bikes were out of fashion.
2. CYCLING It is controlled by Union Cycliste Internationale
(UCI). There are three main categories : track cycling, cyclo-cross
and road cycling. Later even mountain biking became very popular.
Recent competition include also BMX race and trial. History Soon
after the spread of the use of the bike , cycling became a sport
which was very popular in Italy, France , Netherlands and Spain. In
the past and now it is very popular all over the world. The first
competition started in the second half of the XIX century . At the
beginning they were only track competition, later they became also
road competition. In the following century road competition became
stages competition. The first recorded cycling competition is dated
31 May 1868; it took places near Paris and it was won by James
Moore an Englishmen living in France. He also won the first race
between two towns Paris-Rouen in 1869. The first road race in Italy
was Florence-Pistoia in 1870. There were 19 competitors coming from
USA, France, Belgium. The winner was the American Rynner Van Heste.
Discipline 1 Road cycling This is probably the most common
discipline in cycling. Competition take place from from February to
October and can be divided in two groups: daily competition and
stages competition. They also include Word Championship and Olympic
races. The most important stages competition are the Tour de France
, Giro d'Italia and the Vuelta a Espaa : they last three weeks each
and have from 20 to 22 stages
3. 2 Track cycling Take places on a indoor or outdoor track
made by two straights and bends. Track competition can be
individual or team competition. The main competition are the
Olympic Games and the Word championship. 3 Cyclo-cross Is practiced
in Autumn and winter specially in Belgium, Netherlands, Italy ,
France and Czech Republic. The route is characterised by short and
steep climbs and sloopes and many bend on a narrow paths. 4
Mountain biking Is a very recent discipline it includes
cross-country, downhill, dual slasom and enduro. The main
competition are the Olympic Games and the Word championship. ROAD
CYCLING Kind of race In lines races allows competitors to start
simultaneosly. The winner cross the finish line first. Sometimes we
need fotofinish to fix arrival order. In individual time trial the
winner is the one who gets the shorter time. One day races take
place without a break. Stage races take place in different stages
in different days . The final rank is made by the time of the
different stages; all stages are compulsory. History
4. The first cycling competition took place in the second half
of the 1900 century , they were very succesful and many clubs were
founded. Today competition started at the beginning of the 20 th
century . All the routes were very long more than 500 km and in
stage races they used to play every two-three days to give players
time to rest . Routes were often unpaved and holed , flat tyres and
breakdown were very common and players were forced to fix it . At
this time the most famous cyclist were Giovanni Gerbi, Luigi Ganna.
Cycling golden age is between the thirties and fifties despite the
stop imposed by Word War Two; Cycling became more popular than
football. Competition were followed by a crowd of supporters and
great champions challenged each other. FAIR PLAY What is fair play?
Fair play is a complex notion that comprises and embodies a number
of values that are fundamental not only to sport but also to
everyday life. Respect, friendship, team spirit, fair competition,
sport without doping, respect for written and unwritten rules such
as equality, integrity, solidarity, tolerance, care, excellence and
joy, are the building blocks of fair play that can be experienced
and learnt both on and off the field. The fairplay Italian National
comity was created to support the amateurs Giro in order to spread
sport culture to the new generation and the younger. A fair play
price will be given in the amateur Giro di Italia finals by
president Piero di Pietro. It consist of a plate given to the most
correct cyclist.
5. Fair Play Charter FAIR PLAY CHARTER FOR THE YOUTH 1. Fair
Play is the only way. 2. I shall devote the utmost of my physical,
intellectual and moral abilities during, both training and
competition. 3. I shall observe the written and the unwritten rules
of my sport. 4. I shall treat my opponents in the same manner in
which I would like to be treated. 5. During the competition, my aim
is to defeat my opponents, not to humiliate them. 6. I shall
respectfully acknowledge the decisions of the judges. 7. I shall
bear both victory and defeat with dignity. 8. My greatest gratitude
is towards my parents, teachers and trainers without whom I would
not be here. 9. I am ready to help someone in need - even if I put
my own victory at risk by doing so. 10. I represent my homeland
with great humility and humbleness. + 1. I would like to be a role
model for the youth in my country and my sport.
6. Doping in cycling We can also talk about doping in cycling:
up to the go doping was toleratted and cyclist could bring with
them a drink called the Bomb . Later after the death of Tommy
Simspons , heart attack caused by amphetamines , the use of
medicine was supervised and anti-doping control was introduced.
Many cyclist still use dope such as EPO this day . In the last year
doping has became a crime. There are three kind of motivation that
can force cyclist to use dope : 5 psycho physiological causes :
less pain, weight control. 6 psycho emotional causes : failure fear
, search for wellness and safety. 7 Social causes : good
performance, manager pressure. We can also find some positive
aspect: self confident, physical strenght, a positive attitude to
the race. The negative effect from a physical and psicological
point of view are: insomnia, agressiveness, paranoia,
hostility.
7. Doping in cycling We can also talk about doping in cycling:
up to the go doping was toleratted and cyclist could bring with
them a drink called the Bomb . Later after the death of Tommy
Simspons , heart attack caused by amphetamines , the use of
medicine was supervised and anti-doping control was introduced.
Many cyclist still use dope such as EPO this day . In the last year
doping has became a crime. There are three kind of motivation that
can force cyclist to use dope : 5 psycho physiological causes :
less pain, weight control. 6 psycho emotional causes : failure fear
, search for wellness and safety. 7 Social causes : good
performance, manager pressure. We can also find some positive
aspect: self confident, physical strenght, a positive attitude to
the race. The negative effect from a physical and psicological
point of view are: insomnia, agressiveness, paranoia,
hostility.
