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Animal NutritionAnimal Nutrition
Dr. Makhdoom Dr. Makhdoom Abdul JabbarAbdul Jabbar
Executive Member Punjab Agri. Research Board, Executive Member Punjab Agri. Research Board, Lahore Lahore
Mob. 0333-4568071Mob. [email protected]@uvas.edu.pk
i. Classification of feed i. Classification of feed resourcesresources
Summer Fodders
i. Green Roughages ---- Fodders
Winter Fodders
Roughages
ii. Dry Roughages ---- Straws, Stalks Cobs
ii. Classification of Feedsii. Classification of Feeds
Protein sources ----Cakes and meals
Concentrate
Energy sources ---- Grains, Oil. Fats
iii. Classification of Feedsiii. Classification of Feeds
Macro-minerals- Ca, P, Mg, Na, K
Minerals
Micro-minerals Zn, Fe, Co, Se, I etc.
Bacteria and Protozoa present in the Bacteria and Protozoa present in the rumenrumen
FODDERS:FODDERS:
1)1) Summer FoddersSummer Fodders
2)2) Winter FoddersWinter Fodders
3)3) Dry FoddersDry Fodders
Composition of Summer FoddersComposition of Summer Fodders
Type of fodderType of fodder ProductionProduction/acre (Ton)/acre (Ton)
Dry matter Dry matter (%)(%)
Protein Protein
(%)(%)
MaizeMaize 18-2018-20 29.3029.30 7.047.04
SorghumSorghum 20-2520-25 30.030.0 6.206.20
SadabaharSadabahar 50-6050-60 27.5927.59 6.986.98
MilletMillet 20-2220-22 29.5029.50 6.086.08
Mott GrassMott Grass 70-9070-90 16.5416.54 7.527.52
GuaraGuara 15-1815-18 20.9020.90 17.3517.35
Composition of Winter FoddersComposition of Winter Fodders
Type of Type of fodderfodder
Dry Matter Dry Matter (%)(%)
Protein Protein
(%)(%)
Yield Yield (Tons/acre)(Tons/acre)
BerseemBerseem 15.6215.62 19.9019.90 30-3530-35
Lucerne Lucerne 24.2624.26 22.8322.83 52-6052-60
Rye grass Rye grass 14.2114.21 22.8522.85 30-4030-40
Oats Oats 22.1022.10 8.988.98 30-3530-35
Composition of dry foddersComposition of dry fodders
Type of fodder Type of fodder Dry Matter (%)Dry Matter (%) Protein (%)Protein (%)Wheat straw Wheat straw 92.7592.75 2.592.59Rice strawRice straw 92.82 92.82 3.063.06Maize stoversMaize stovers 82.5082.50 5.455.45Sorghum stoversSorghum stovers 80.5080.50 3.743.74Millet stoversMillet stovers 85.0085.00 4.004.00Corn cobsCorn cobs 90.5090.50 1.661.66Berseem hayBerseem hay 85.6085.60 18.4618.46Lucerne hay Lucerne hay 87.5087.50 18.8618.86
Daily allowance Daily allowance
Fodder @ 10% of body weight ~ 40-60 kgFodder @ 10% of body weight ~ 40-60 kg Ration ~ Half of milk productionRation ~ Half of milk production
More ration during summer seasonMore ration during summer season Water should be available all the timeWater should be available all the time Mineral mixture @ 2% in the rationMineral mixture @ 2% in the ration
SilageSilage
Silage is a method of Silage is a method of preservation of fresh preservation of fresh fodder by which high fodder by which high moisture fodder can be moisture fodder can be stored for longer period stored for longer period without any without any deterioration.deterioration.
Types of silosTypes of silos
Bag SilosBag Silos
COMMON FEED INGREDIENTSCOMMON FEED INGREDIENTS
ForFor
FEED FORMULATIONFEED FORMULATION
COMPOSITION OF COMMON FEED COMPOSITION OF COMMON FEED INGREDIENTS INGREDIENTS
Name of feed ingredient Name of feed ingredient Protein Protein (%)(%)
TDN TDN (%)(%)
Est. Price (Rs. Est. Price (Rs. Per Kg)Per Kg)
Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 23.0423.04 63.463.4 10.0010.00
Rape seed cakeRape seed cake 37.1037.10 79.879.8 9.009.00
Sunflower cake Sunflower cake 30.4730.47 69.869.8 8.008.00
Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal 39.5939.59 79.879.8 12.0012.00
Soybean meal Soybean meal 44 - 4844 - 48 84.084.0 18.0018.00
Maize gluten feed 20%Maize gluten feed 20% 21.8521.85 79.179.1 5.255.25
Maize gluten feed 30%Maize gluten feed 30% 30.7030.70 83.683.6 5.50-6.05.50-6.0
Maize gluten feed 60%Maize gluten feed 60% 64.7064.70 94.694.6 16-1816-18
Name of feed ingredient Name of feed ingredient Protein Protein (%)(%)
TDN TDN (%)(%)
Est. Price (Rs. Est. Price (Rs. Per Kg)Per Kg)
Rice polishing Rice polishing 12.3612.36 89.989.9 6.50-7.06.50-7.0
Wheat bran Wheat bran 14.9914.99 71.071.0 6.706.70
Wheat grainsWheat grains 12.8012.80 78.978.9 10.0010.00
Maize grainsMaize grains 9.809.80 81.281.2 10.0-11.5010.0-11.50
Sorghum Sorghum 15.7515.75 78.578.5 15.0015.00
Millet Millet 10.5510.55 77.277.2 15.0015.00
OatsOats 10.2110.21 77.277.2 12.0012.00
OilOil 00.0000.00 195.0195.0 50.0050.00
Grams (black)Grams (black) 20.3520.35 75.275.2 20.0020.00
Urea Urea 287.50287.50 -- 10.0010.00
Bone meal Bone meal 20.0520.05 57.757.7 11.5011.50
MAIN PARTS OF A RATION MAIN PARTS OF A RATION FORMULAFORMULA
Vitamins Vitamins sources sources
Mineral Mineral sourcessources
Energy Energy sourcessources
ProteinProtein
sourcessources
Vitamins Vitamins A, D and E,A, D and E,
Salt, bone Salt, bone meal, DCP meal, DCP
and and mineral mineral mixtures mixtures
etc.etc.
Wheat bran Wheat bran Maize bran Maize bran Rice bran Rice bran
Rice Rice polishing, polishing,
grains, grains, molasses and molasses and
oils etc.oils etc.
Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal Rape seed cake Rape seed cake Rape seed meal Rape seed meal Sunflower cake Sunflower cake Sunflower meal Sunflower meal Maize glutens, Maize glutens,
Urea etc.Urea etc.
DIFFERENT FORMULAE DIFFERENT FORMULAE
FORFOR
DAIRY ANIMALSDAIRY ANIMALS
Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Feed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 15.015.0
22 Maize gluten 30%Maize gluten 30% 20.020.0
33 Sunflower meal Sunflower meal 5.05.0
44 Wheat bran Wheat bran 18.018.0
55 Rice polishing Rice polishing 15.015.0
66 Maize ground Maize ground 10.010.0
77 MolassesMolasses 15.015.0
88 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0
Total Total 100.0100.0
RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-1RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-1
Protein (%)Protein (%) == 17.617.6TDN (%)TDN (%) == 75.375.3
Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Feed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Soybean meal Soybean meal 13.013.0
22 Canola meal Canola meal 9.09.0
33 Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 12.012.0
44 Wheat bran Wheat bran 28.028.0
55 Maize grain Maize grain 20.020.0
66 MolassesMolasses 15.015.0
77 Mineral mixtureMineral mixture 2.52.5
88 UreaUrea 0.50.5
Total Total 100.0100.0
RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-2 RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-2
(When cotton seed meal is not available)(When cotton seed meal is not available)
Protein (%)Protein (%) == 16.9016.90
TDN (%)TDN (%) == 73.6673.66
RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-3RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-3 (When molasses is not available)(When molasses is not available)
Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Rape seed cakeRape seed cake 15.015.0
22 Cotton seed cake Cotton seed cake 15.015.0
33 Rice polishing Rice polishing 20.020.0
44 Wheat bran Wheat bran 28.028.0
55 Maize grain Maize grain 20.020.0
66 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0
Total Total 100.0100.0
Protein (%)Protein (%) == 16.1716.17
TDN (%)TDN (%) == 73.4373.43
RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-4 RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS-4 ( With ( With SoybeanSoybean))
Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
Soybean meal Soybean meal == 1414
Sunflower meal Sunflower meal == 1515
Wheat bran Wheat bran == 2424
Rice polishing Rice polishing == 2020
Grains Grains == 1010
Molasses Molasses == 1515
Mineral mixtureMineral mixture == 2.02.0
Total Total == 100.00100.00
Protein Protein == 18.21%18.21%
TDNTDN == 77.81%77.81%
CALF FEEDINGCALF FEEDING
Milk ReplacerMilk Replacer
Protein 20%Protein 20% Mainly of Animal origin like Dry milk Mainly of Animal origin like Dry milk
powder, whey milk powder etc.powder, whey milk powder etc. TDN 80%TDN 80%
Energy source also of animal origin e.g. fat, Energy source also of animal origin e.g. fat, lecithin etc.lecithin etc.
This is usually importedThis is usually imported
CALF STARTER RATIONCALF STARTER RATIONSr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Cotton seed meal/soybean meal Cotton seed meal/soybean meal 30.030.0
22 Maize grains (ground)Maize grains (ground) 45.045.0
33 Wheat bran Wheat bran 8.68.6
44 Rice polish Rice polish 5.05.0
55 Molasses Molasses 10.010.0
66 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 1.01.0
77 Vitamins Vitamins 0.10.1
88 Calcium carbonateCalcium carbonate 0.30.3
Total Total 100100
Protein (%)Protein (%) == 18.5118.51
TDN (%)TDN (%) == 75.0075.00
Price per KgPrice per Kg == 15.0015.00
Mature low quality fodderMature low quality fodder
Urea molasses blockUrea molasses block
FEED SUPPLEMENTSFEED SUPPLEMENTSurea molasses blocks urea molasses blocks
Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Maize gluten 30%Maize gluten 30% 22.022.0
22 Urea Urea 2.02.0
33 Rice polishing/wheat bran Rice polishing/wheat bran 20.020.0
44 Canola/Cotton seed meal Canola/Cotton seed meal 10.010.0
55 Bentonite Bentonite 6.06.0
66 Calcium carbonate Calcium carbonate 2.02.0
77 Molasses Molasses 36.036.0
88 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0
Total Total 100100
Price per KgPrice per Kg == Rs. 7.75Rs. 7.75
MINERAL MIXTURE ?MINERAL MIXTURE ?
MINERAL MIXTURE MINERAL MIXTURE
Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients PercentagePercentage
11 Di-calcium phosphate (DCP)Di-calcium phosphate (DCP) 70.81 kg70.81 kg
22 Common saltCommon salt 18.91 kg 18.91 kg
33 Magnesium sulfate Magnesium sulfate 8.64 kg 8.64 kg
44 Ferrous sulfate Ferrous sulfate 0.89 kg 0.89 kg
55 Manganese sulfate Manganese sulfate 0.49 kg 0.49 kg
66 Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfate 0.22 kg 0.22 kg
77 Copper sulfate Copper sulfate 0.03 kg 0.03 kg
88 Potassium iodide Potassium iodide 8.77 gm8.77 gm
99 Cobalt chloride Cobalt chloride 0.89 gm0.89 gm
1010 Sodium selenate Sodium selenate 1.50 gm1.50 gm
Total Total 100.0 kg100.0 kg
Price per KgPrice per Kg == Rs. 30.00Rs. 30.00
BALES OF COMPLETE MIXED BALES OF COMPLETE MIXED RATIONRATION
REDUCTION IN VOLUME DUE TO DENSIFICATION
BALED RATION FOR DRY ANIMALS BALED RATION FOR DRY ANIMALS Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Wheat straw Wheat straw 50.050.0
22 Sunflower cake Sunflower cake 20.020.0
33 Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal 10.010.0
44 Urea Urea 1.01.0
55 Molasses Molasses 18.018.0
66 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 1.01.0
Total Total 100.0100.0
Crude protein (%)Crude protein (%) == 12.012.0
TDN (%)TDN (%) == 68.068.0
Price per kg (Rs.)Price per kg (Rs.) == 7.167.16
Daily feed required (Kg)Daily feed required (Kg) == 8.08.0
Daily feed cost (Rs.)Daily feed cost (Rs.) == 57.057.0
BALED RATION FOR LACTATING BUFFALOES BALED RATION FOR LACTATING BUFFALOES WITH 10.0 LIT. DAILY MILK WITH 10.0 LIT. DAILY MILK
Sr. No. Sr. No. Feed IngredientsFeed Ingredients Percentage Percentage
11 Wheat straw Wheat straw 43.043.0
22 Rice polishing Rice polishing 10.010.0
33 Cotton seed meal Cotton seed meal 10.010.0
44 Canola meal Canola meal 15.015.0
55 Maize groundMaize ground 9.09.0
66 Molasses Molasses 10.010.0
77 Mineral mixture Mineral mixture 2.02.0
88 Vitamins (A,D,E & K)Vitamins (A,D,E & K) 0.10.1
Total Total 100.0100.0
Crude protein (%)Crude protein (%) == 12.012.0
TDN (%)TDN (%) == 68.068.0
Price per kg (Rs.)Price per kg (Rs.) == 8.808.80
Daily feed required (Kg)Daily feed required (Kg) = = 12.512.5
Daily feed cost (Rs.)Daily feed cost (Rs.) = = 110.0110.0
BALED RATION FOR 15 lit PRODUCTIONBALED RATION FOR 15 lit PRODUCTION
Crude protein (%)Crude protein (%) == 15.015.0
TDN (%)TDN (%) == 70.070.0
Price per kg (Rs.)Price per kg (Rs.) = = 9.589.58
Daily feed required (Kg)Daily feed required (Kg) = = 14.014.0
Daily feed cost (Rs.)Daily feed cost (Rs.) = = 135.0135.0
Sr. No. Feed Ingredients Percentage
1 Wheat straw 26.0
2 Rice polishing 15.0
3 Cotton seed meal 08.0
4 Soybean meal 10.0
5 Canola meal 14.0
6 Maize ground 15.0
7 Molasses 9.9
8 Mineral mixture 2.0
9 Vitamins (A,D,E & K) 0.1
Total 100.0
MonensinMonensin
First discovered 1967First discovered 1967 Extensively used in dairy and beef animalsExtensively used in dairy and beef animals Prevents coccidiosis, increases propionic acid Prevents coccidiosis, increases propionic acid
and prevents bloatand prevents bloat
YeastYeast Increases the efficiency of feed for milk and Increases the efficiency of feed for milk and
meat productionmeat production
Energy concentratesEnergy concentrates
Protected fatProtected fat
Berga fatBerga fat Megalac (fat)Megalac (fat)
HEALTH IS WEALTH !HEALTH IS WEALTH !
American Soybean AssociationAmerican Soybean Association&&
Nutrionists Association of PakistanNutrionists Association of Pakistan