Design Thinking

The Hill SchoolDecember 2013

Innovation

• Design Thinking for Educators Toolkit from IDEOHuman Centered Design Toolkit from IDEO

Design Thinking

Design Thinking

Design Thinking

Framing: Design Thinking

Design Thinking

Build to think and launch to learn.

• What is a project you can create for your classroom that will incorporate the TPACK model?

Discovery

bias

?

Viability, Feasibility, Desirability

Discovery Steps1. spend some time identifying your own feelings on this challenge. Do you think

it needs to be addressed? Why or why not? It is important to begin your work fully understanding your own bias.

2. Establish constraints: while it would be nice to think that the sky is the limit, there are always limits imposed by the environment where the challenge is found. Be sure to examine the viability, feasibility and desirability limits that exist surrounding your challenge.

3. Frame the challenge: Once you have looked at the constraints and your thoughts, formally articulate what your group sees as the challenge. This should be a sentence or so in length to avoid any confusion.

4. Select appropriate methods: There are quite a few tools available to you in this stage including: individual interview, group interview, in-context immersion (observation), self-documentation, community-driven discovery, expert interviews, seeking inspiration in new places, empathy maps. Which of these methods will you employ?

Interpretation

How Might We?

InsightsGrouping

Design Thinking Exercise

In the traditional Design Thinking sequence, the discovery stage also includes extensive research. The next stage, Interpretation, involves the sorting and grouping of this research in order to determine insights and develop a “how might we question.”

Ideation

Brainstorming

Defer Judgment

Cluster

Design Thinking ExerciseIdeation Stage: In this stage, the sky is the limit. Sometimes that can be the challenge in itself because many people want to limit their thinking or edit their ideas or the ideas or others. The big challenge here will be to stick to “green light” thinking and just generate ideas. There are no bad ideas at this point and you need to remain open-minded in order to find the next innovation. This is a good exercise because we often encourage our students to brainstorm, but how often do we model this? Process: Begin brainstorming: Follow these rules of brainstorming as you work through a session with your group to determine what possible solutions to your challenge may be. Be sure to have someone recorded all of your ideas. You may also want to have a facilitator that can keep the group on track. Rules:Defer judgmentEncourage wild ideasStay focused on topicBe visualGo for quantity Cluster ideas and narrow them down: The sky is no longer the limit and you need to move on to the stage where you are actually creating something.

Iteration

Formalize

Test against

constraints

Design Thinking ExerciseIteration Stage: Here is where you take your ideas and start to formulate concrete solutions to the challenge. Now dreaming becomes more concrete and you will be asked to construct something from your ideas. Process:Test ideas: Take your top ideas from the brainstorming session and test them out against the constraints of desirability, feasibility and viability. Choose the one that stands up best to these three challenges. PrototypeFormalize your idea: summarize your idea in a single sentence, describe how it will work where other things may not have worked in the past, explain how it addresses the needs and opportunities identified through your field research, list questions and challenges.

Integrate Feedback

Make Changes

Define SuccessRebuild

Evolution

Design Thinking Prototyping

Design Thinking Exercise

Evolution Stage: Once you have one or two solid ideas, it is time to test them out and see if they may work. The first step involves presenting them to others to get feedback on your ideas. Following that, you will revise your solution and then finalize your work by defining how you will determine if your solution is successful and officially implementing your idea. Process:• Integrate feedback• Make changes• Define success• Build the idea

Design Thinking Exercise

Sharing

Discovery Emerging Developing Proficient Accomplished

 Bias

Bias is limited in explanation. Bias is identified, but not sufficiently elaborated upon.

Bias is identified and detailed with attention given to multiple areas of possible bias.

Bias is identified and detailed showing a clear effort for self-reflection.

 Constraints

All constraints (feasibility, desirability, viability) are not addressed.

All constraints are addressed, but there is limited detail in some of the areas.

All constraints are clearly addressed with appropriate detail.

All constraints are clearly addressed with appropriate detail. Creativity is shown in thinking about the potential limitations to the project.

 Frame the challenge

Challenge is not properly framed. Focus of project is unclear, confused or too broad.

Challenge is still vague. Focus of project is unclear, confused or too broad.

Challenge is clearly framed being specific enough to identify the problem while not trying to move to a solution.

Challenge is framed specifically and concisely in a well-constructed statement.

 Develop the plan

Plan is limited. Questions poorly constructed.

Plan attempts to use multiple methods, but is not clearly articulated.

Plan uses multiple methods with well-formed questions and organized plan.

Plan uses multiple methods and thinks creatively on how to seek out vital information to truly understand the challenge.

 Research

Research is insufficient. Plan is not executed, leading questions were asked, limited areas examined.

Research attempts to expand to new areas, but does not have a systematic approach. Work is still general or insufficient.

Research addresses multiple areas with depth. Methods are well-executed, work is thorough.

Research is thorough and shows expansion of understanding through the use of multiple methods of research.

Interpretation Emerging Developing Proficient Accomplished Grouping of info

Grouping of info is limited and shows no attempt to creatively address the research.

Grouping of info exists but is limited in its scope. Research is addressed, but re-imagined in a traditional way.

Grouping shows active attempts to reimagine connections of research. It is clear that new ways to examine the information are attempted.

Grouping shows active attempts to reimagine connections of research. It is clear that new ways to examine the information are achieved.

 Diagram

Diagram is limited. Shows little effort to create order from the information.

Diagram exists but could be expanded in an effort to show relationships among the newly-acquired research.

Diagram is extensive and attempts were made to expand the thinking about the research.

Diagram is extensive and shows visible thinking of how the research can relate and be re-imagined.

 Insights

Few insights offered. Details are limited. Examination of research unclear.

Insights offered are vague and need elaboration. Some insights point to a predetermined solution.

Insights offered show clear examination of the research as well as an attempt to learn from the new material.

Insights offered illustrate a clear understanding of the research as well as a visible learning from the new material.

 How Might We

How Might We is improperly constructed. Group will not be able to proceed to effective Ideation without revision.

How Might We is attempted but not polished.

How Might We is clearly developed from the previous steps, offers direction for the next steps.

How Might We is clearly developed from the previous steps, offers direction for the next steps and shows synthesis of the research.

         

Ideation Emerging Developing Proficient Accomplished

 Brainstorming

Brainstorming is limited and shows little attempt to expand thinking.

Brainstorming is adequate, but ideas are traditional. Little risk is taken.

Brainstorming is extensive with connections pursued in multiple directions.

Brainstorming is extensive with visible effort to push ideas and expand thinking.

 Clustering

Clustering is limited. Clustering shows traditional understanding of the brainstorming ideas.

Clustering shows effort to re-examine ideas in a new context. Brainstorming material is thoroughly examined.

Clustering shows effort to re-examine ideas in a new context. Risks are taken in an attempt to visualize ideas in a new pattern.

Iteration Emerging Developing Proficient Accomplished Testing Ideas

Idea is not tested against all constraints.

Idea is tested against all constraints but consideration of challenges faced by these constraints is limited.

Idea is fully tested against all constraints with detailed assessment of challenges faced or addressed.

Idea is fully tested against all constraints with thoughtful reflection on how those impact the idea.

 Create

Iteration shows limited creativity, leans to closely towards current available solutions.

Iteration exhibits creativity but shows limited expansion of currently available solutions.

Iteration shows creativity, attacking the challenge from a different perspective.

Iteration shows innovation and creativity, attacking the challenge from a unique perspective.

 Formalize

All formalization questions are not addressed.

All formalization questions are addressed, but detail is limited.

All formalization questions are addressed with significant and thoughtful detail.

All formalization questions are addressed with significant and thoughtful detail showing active engagement in the creation process.

Evolution Emerging Developing Proficient AccomplishedIntegrate Feedback Insufficient feedback is

elicited. Feedback is elicited, but scope of feedback is still limited.

Extensive feedback is elicited with clear effort to secure new viewpoints in an effort to test prototype.

Extensive feedback is elicited with clear effort to secure new viewpoints in an effort to test prototype. Multiple audiences are engaged.

Revise Little to no evidence of revision exists.

Revision is limited and fairly superficial.

Revision is embraced and clear evolution of the prototype has occurred.

Revision is embraced and clear evolution and rethinking of the prototype has occurred.

Define Success Definition of success is vague.

Definition of success exists but needs elaboration or expansion.

Definition of success is clearly articulated on many fronts.

Definition of success is clearly articulated on multiple fronts considering unconventional ways of viewing success.