Determinants of red light violation among Thai rural motorcyclists

Orapin Laosee !

ASEAN Institute for Health Development Mahidol University

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ASEAN Institute for Health Development

www.aihd.mahidol.ac.th

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Road safety

SECTION1The current state ofglobal road safety

WHO predicts RTIs will become the fifth leading cause of deaths by 2030 without immediate action

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Who are at risk?Proportion of road traffic deaths by age range and country income status

Proportionofroadtrafficdeaths

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

0—4 5—14 15—29 30—44 45—59 60—69 70+

Age range (years)

■ High-income■ Middle-income■ Low-income

40

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Increase in the percentage of world population covered by“comprehensive” legislation on five key road safety risk factors since 2008

Percentage(%)ofworld’spopulation

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Helmets Seat-belts All fiverisk factors

Drink–driving Child restraintsSpeed

90

80

70

■ 2008

■ 2011

6Source: 2010, Injury Surveillance System.

Drivers/passengersheavy trucks (1%)

Other (1%)

Passengers 4-wheeledcars and light vehicles(7%)

Drivers 4-wheeledcars and lightvehicles (6%)

Riders motorized2- or 3-wheelers(74%)

Cyclists (3%)

Pedestrians (8%)

Drivers/passengersbuses (<1%)

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Trends in road traffic deathsDe

aths

per1

0000

0po

pula

tion

0

5

10

15

20

25

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

Source: Thai Police Information System.

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Motorcycles in Asian countries• Motorcycles are the popular mode of transportation

• Motorcycles have increased every year, accounting 73% of total cumulative number of registered vehicles

• 70-90 % of road deaths are with motorized two-wheeler users

• Fatalities are caused from driving behavior

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Running red lightRunning behaviors at intersections associated with personality, perspectives of drivers’ psychology, decision making, longer waiting time

Driver judgment included acquiring, handing and putting surrounding information

Drivers either receive the information from traffic light and affected by other information; road, environment

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• To reduce unfavorable riding behavior, related factors need to be defined and understood

• Crucial information for developing preventive measures to improve road safety for rural motorcyclists

Reliable information is needed

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Study objectives• to ascertain the rate of red light violation among rural

motorcyclists

• to determine predictive factors of red light violation

Methodology

❑Baseline information for develop the road safety intervention in selected communities!

❑Setting: rural communities in Chiang Rai province!

❑Study subject: Motorcycle riders!❑Data collection: interview questionnaire by

trained interviews

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Recruitment• Inclusion criteria!

– Motorcycle riders!– Age 15+!– Be a resident in target communities!– Willing to participate the study!!

• Non-fatal injury: road traffic injury that need medical treatment or absent from school or work at least 1 day.

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• Demographic information: age, sex, education, occupation, income etc.!

• Non-fatal injury experience in last 12 months prior the survey!

• Knowledge, attitude, and riding behavior

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Statistical analysis» Univariate analysis!» Chi-square!» Multiple logistic regression!» p-value < 0.05 considered statistically

significant

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Results

   Number %Number of participants  1018  100

Sex Male 600 58.9

Age Median 38 yrs (15-60)

Education Grade 1-6 534 52.2

Occupation Farmer and worker 611 60.0

Non fatal RTI Yes 57 5.6

Level of knowledge Good 170 16.7

Level of attitude Positive 483 47.4

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Causes of non fatal RTI among respondents

Other 23%

High speed 32%

Alcohol 46%

Human factor: 77%

Others: 23%

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Key findingsDriving behavior in last 30 days n %

Drink and drive 459 45.1

Hand held phone while driving 328 32.2

Unhelmet 640 62.9

Red light violation 432 42.4

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Being Male 1.6 (1.3-2.2)

Younger age (15-20 Yrs.) 3.6 (2.6-5.0)

Single 2.7 (2.1-3.5)

Students 2.7 (1.9-3.9)

Non fatal RTI In last 12 months 1.9 (1.1-3.0)

Drink and drive 1.8 (1.4-2.3)

Hand held phone while driving 3.8 (2.9-5.0)

Unhelmet 2.0 (1.5-2.7)

Negative attitude towards road safety 1.5 (1.2-1.9)

Factors related to red light violation

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A multivariate logistic regressionVariables OR 95%CI     adjusted Lower UpperSex Male 1.6 1.2 2.2

Female 1

Age 15-20 1.8 1.2 2.7

21-40 0.9 0.6 1.3

41 + 1Hand held phone while riding Yes 1.3 2.1 3.9

  No 1

Helmet use No 1.5 1.1 1.9

  Yes 1    Attitude toward road safety Negative 1.3 0.9 1.6

Positive 1

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Conclusion• High percentage of red light violation among rural

motorcyclists

• Personal mobile phone and not wearing helmet while driving were common

• Young male motorcyclists who did not were helmet were at high risk to red light violation

• Drink drive is one of the key factor of violate a red light

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Recommendations• Penalty implementation with comprehensive traffic law

enforcement; demerit points and financial penalties

• Promote drink don’t drive and helmet

• Focus in young male motorcyclist

• Introducing graduated driver licensing system for new driver

Social movement

National Research Council of Thailand!

Chulalokorn University!

Mahidol University

Acknowledgment