DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER IN RAILWAY SYSTEM

BY

SURAJIT MONDALM-TECH

1ST YEAR, 1ST SEMROLL NO- 02

NARULA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTI, student of Narula Institute Of Technology (Nilgung Road Agarpara, Kolkata- 700109) would like to pay my heart felt thanks to the Indian Railway for providing an immense knowledge and co-operation. I would like to express my gratitude to Mr Prof Amlan Chakraborty (H.O.D) for helping me to prepare this Seminar.

INTRODUCTIONIndian Railway is the world’s fourth largest commercial, by number of employees with over 1.4 million employees. Railways were first introduced in India in 1853. Indian Railways operates both long distance and suburban rail systems on a multi-gauge network of board meter and narrow gauges.From 20th December 2010, the railways had developed a 5 digit numbering system. This need is required because IR runs 10,000 trains daily.

Electric Traction - 1881

After many decades of satisfactory performance, the steam engines were to give way to more modern locomotives. The year 1881 saw the birth of the first electric Railway run by a German Engineer Werner Van Siemens using both the rails to carry the current. Finding this a little too dangerous, Siemens soon adopted the overhead electric wires. Electric locomotives today raun on Rail roads in many countries.

World Railways - Status of Electrification

Railway PercentageElectrified

U.S.A. 0.9%Canada 0.1%Australia 9.6%China 15.6%France 44%India (BG) 44%Italy 59%Sweden 59%Austria 59%Amtrack (USA) 100%

Source : Rail Business Report, 1999

FEEDERThe feeders that receives the power from CESC, and the power is step down with the help of step down transformer and then supplied to various colonies, piller box, etc. This process is shown with the help of above connection diagram.6kv from CESC goes to HT OCB 400A with the help of HT busbar 400A is divided into two 200A and sent to two transformer each of 250 kVA then sent to various parts.

AT SEALDAH STATION

The above connection shows the 6KV distribution arrangement in sealdah station

The incoming feeder is shown in the diagram that takes the power from CESC after that the power is step down and sent to distributer shown below.

TRACTION MOTOR• In OHE, or overhead electrification systems, the supply of electricity is through an overhead system of suspended cables known as the catenary.

• The loco uses a pantograph, a metal structure which can be raised or lowered, to make contact with the overhead contact cable and draw electricity from it to power its motors. (Usually it goes first through a transformer and not directly to the motors.) The pantograph has one or two blades, shoes or collector pans that actually slide against the contact wire.

• The pantograph structure may be in the form of a single arm — a single open bent angle (‘>’) — or in a diamond (rhombus) form (‘<>’). (Other types are not generally used on IR.) The diamond form was more common for the DC locos.

• The single arm types are generally oriented with the bend of the pantograph pointing forwards (in the direction of motion) .

THE DIAGRAM SHOWS HOW PANTOGRAPH

DRAWS POWER FROM OVERHEAD

LINES

PANTOGRAPH

VOLTAGE USED FOR ELECTRIC TRACTION IN INDIA

• Voltages used are 1.5Kv DC and 25Kv AC for mainline trains.

• The 1.5Kv DC overhead system (negative earth, positive catenary) is used around Bombay (This includes Mumbai CST – Kalyan, Kalyan – Pune, Kalyan – Igatpuri, Mumbai CST – Belapur – Panvel, and Churchgate – Virar).

• The Calcutta Metro uses 750V DC traction with a third-rail mechanism for delivering the electricity to the EMUs.

• The Calcutta trams use 550V DC with an overhead catenary system with underground return conductors. The catenary is at a negative potential.

RAILWAY TRACK

TOTAL FLOW OF POWER IN THE TRACKS AND NEUTRAL THROUGH RAILS.

CONCLUSIONThe main objective of Indian railway is to work as one team, to work with one dream is to improve the Indian railway, to go ahead towards the final destination with zero failure in the infrastructure.We should always maintain the rules to avoid accidents like as:-(1) Always use the over bridge while crossing the station.(2) Do not use cell phones while crossing the rail lines.(3) Do not use head phones or listening music while crossing the rail lines.(4) Do not stand near the door of compartment while train is in motion.(5) Do not pull the emergency chain until it is actually required.