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Diversity of synaptic signaling among individual cortical neuronsSynapses are points of contact between nerve cells and
their targets where presynaptic signals are convertedinto postsynaptic signals Electrical synapses (gap junctions)
)bull Direct (ionotropic receptors)
bull Indirect (metabotropic receptors)
Topics
bull bull Reticular Theory vs Neuronal Doctrine
bull bull Soups and Sparks
bull bull Quantal Transmission
bull bull The Calcium Hypothesis
bull bull Activity-Dependent Plasticity
bull bull Direct (ionotropic receptors)bull Indirect (metabotropic receptors
Chemical synapses (releasing neurotransmitter
bull The Calcium Hypothesis
bull Inward movement of a positively charged
bull Ca compound or of the calcium ion itself
bull constitutes the essential links in the
bull lsquoelectro-secretoryrsquo coupling process of the
bull axon terminal
bull Katz amp Miledi 1967
Mechanisms of STPbull 1 Action potentialbull 2 Calcium channelsbull 3 RRVbull 4 Calcium levelbull 5 Reserve vesicle poolbull 6 Metabotropic receptorsbull 7 Ion channelsbull 8 Pumpsbull 9 Internal storesbull 10 Postsynaptic receptorsbull desensitizationbull saturationbull unblockingbull Mechanisms of STPbull Rozov Burnashev Sakmann amp Neher 2001bull Target specific short-ter
bull Summarybull 1 STP is a diverse phenomenonbull depends on both pre- andbull postsynaptic cell typesbull 2 STP can reflect pre- orbull postsynaptic mechanismsbull 4 The residual calciumbull hypothesis (mostly) explainsbull facilitationbull 5 Depression may be related tobull vesicle depletion but (in general)bull is poorly understoodbull 6 STP may allow frequencydependentbull routing of activity in
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Topics
bull bull Reticular Theory vs Neuronal Doctrine
bull bull Soups and Sparks
bull bull Quantal Transmission
bull bull The Calcium Hypothesis
bull bull Activity-Dependent Plasticity
bull bull Direct (ionotropic receptors)bull Indirect (metabotropic receptors
Chemical synapses (releasing neurotransmitter
bull The Calcium Hypothesis
bull Inward movement of a positively charged
bull Ca compound or of the calcium ion itself
bull constitutes the essential links in the
bull lsquoelectro-secretoryrsquo coupling process of the
bull axon terminal
bull Katz amp Miledi 1967
Mechanisms of STPbull 1 Action potentialbull 2 Calcium channelsbull 3 RRVbull 4 Calcium levelbull 5 Reserve vesicle poolbull 6 Metabotropic receptorsbull 7 Ion channelsbull 8 Pumpsbull 9 Internal storesbull 10 Postsynaptic receptorsbull desensitizationbull saturationbull unblockingbull Mechanisms of STPbull Rozov Burnashev Sakmann amp Neher 2001bull Target specific short-ter
bull Summarybull 1 STP is a diverse phenomenonbull depends on both pre- andbull postsynaptic cell typesbull 2 STP can reflect pre- orbull postsynaptic mechanismsbull 4 The residual calciumbull hypothesis (mostly) explainsbull facilitationbull 5 Depression may be related tobull vesicle depletion but (in general)bull is poorly understoodbull 6 STP may allow frequencydependentbull routing of activity in
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
bull bull Direct (ionotropic receptors)bull Indirect (metabotropic receptors
Chemical synapses (releasing neurotransmitter
bull The Calcium Hypothesis
bull Inward movement of a positively charged
bull Ca compound or of the calcium ion itself
bull constitutes the essential links in the
bull lsquoelectro-secretoryrsquo coupling process of the
bull axon terminal
bull Katz amp Miledi 1967
Mechanisms of STPbull 1 Action potentialbull 2 Calcium channelsbull 3 RRVbull 4 Calcium levelbull 5 Reserve vesicle poolbull 6 Metabotropic receptorsbull 7 Ion channelsbull 8 Pumpsbull 9 Internal storesbull 10 Postsynaptic receptorsbull desensitizationbull saturationbull unblockingbull Mechanisms of STPbull Rozov Burnashev Sakmann amp Neher 2001bull Target specific short-ter
bull Summarybull 1 STP is a diverse phenomenonbull depends on both pre- andbull postsynaptic cell typesbull 2 STP can reflect pre- orbull postsynaptic mechanismsbull 4 The residual calciumbull hypothesis (mostly) explainsbull facilitationbull 5 Depression may be related tobull vesicle depletion but (in general)bull is poorly understoodbull 6 STP may allow frequencydependentbull routing of activity in
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
bull The Calcium Hypothesis
bull Inward movement of a positively charged
bull Ca compound or of the calcium ion itself
bull constitutes the essential links in the
bull lsquoelectro-secretoryrsquo coupling process of the
bull axon terminal
bull Katz amp Miledi 1967
Mechanisms of STPbull 1 Action potentialbull 2 Calcium channelsbull 3 RRVbull 4 Calcium levelbull 5 Reserve vesicle poolbull 6 Metabotropic receptorsbull 7 Ion channelsbull 8 Pumpsbull 9 Internal storesbull 10 Postsynaptic receptorsbull desensitizationbull saturationbull unblockingbull Mechanisms of STPbull Rozov Burnashev Sakmann amp Neher 2001bull Target specific short-ter
bull Summarybull 1 STP is a diverse phenomenonbull depends on both pre- andbull postsynaptic cell typesbull 2 STP can reflect pre- orbull postsynaptic mechanismsbull 4 The residual calciumbull hypothesis (mostly) explainsbull facilitationbull 5 Depression may be related tobull vesicle depletion but (in general)bull is poorly understoodbull 6 STP may allow frequencydependentbull routing of activity in
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Mechanisms of STPbull 1 Action potentialbull 2 Calcium channelsbull 3 RRVbull 4 Calcium levelbull 5 Reserve vesicle poolbull 6 Metabotropic receptorsbull 7 Ion channelsbull 8 Pumpsbull 9 Internal storesbull 10 Postsynaptic receptorsbull desensitizationbull saturationbull unblockingbull Mechanisms of STPbull Rozov Burnashev Sakmann amp Neher 2001bull Target specific short-ter
bull Summarybull 1 STP is a diverse phenomenonbull depends on both pre- andbull postsynaptic cell typesbull 2 STP can reflect pre- orbull postsynaptic mechanismsbull 4 The residual calciumbull hypothesis (mostly) explainsbull facilitationbull 5 Depression may be related tobull vesicle depletion but (in general)bull is poorly understoodbull 6 STP may allow frequencydependentbull routing of activity in
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
bull Summarybull 1 STP is a diverse phenomenonbull depends on both pre- andbull postsynaptic cell typesbull 2 STP can reflect pre- orbull postsynaptic mechanismsbull 4 The residual calciumbull hypothesis (mostly) explainsbull facilitationbull 5 Depression may be related tobull vesicle depletion but (in general)bull is poorly understoodbull 6 STP may allow frequencydependentbull routing of activity in
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Chemical Synaptic Transmission is
bull
bull 1048766 Quantal
bull 1048766 Probabilistic
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Fundamental Neuroscience - second editionSquire Bloom McConnell Roberts Spitzer ZigmondAcademic Press 2003
httpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerneurokhtmlhttpfacultywashingtoneduchudlerchnt1html
Explore the Brain and Spinal CordThe Neuron
httpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkinghomehtmlhttpwwwindstateeduthcmemwkingnerveshtml
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Life cycle of a neurotransmitter
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
The process of chemical neurotransmission can be divided into five steps
1 Synthesis of the neurotransmitter in the presynaptic neuron
2 Storage of the neurotransmitter andor its precursor in the presynaptic nerve terminal
3 Release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft
4 Binding and recognition of the neurotransmitter by target receptors
5 Termination of the action of the released transmitter
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Axon Terminal
Spine
Dendrite
Action potentialCa2+
Diffusion of Neurotransmitters Across the Synaptic Cleft
Neurotransmitter Mobilization and Release
Electrical Trigger for Neurotransmission
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
The synapse
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Passing information between neurons
Gap junctions -electrical transmissionfast both directions
Chemical transmissionslower - unidirectionalintegrativeamplifies and regenerates the signal
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
Chemical synapse
Axon-dendrite Axo-axonic Axon-soma
