'Divided Environments’ 'Divided Environments’

Territorial Secessions and Territorial Secessions and

Resource ConflictsResource Conflicts

1 Introduction: Nature and Society

2 Political Sociology approach

2.1 ‘Spatio-Climatic Determinism’ (Hulme)?

2.2 The different domains of Water Politics (Mollinga)

outline

(Mollinga)

2.3 Fracture and Multiplicity in the Social World: Geopolitics

3 Case Studies

3.1 The Division of the Sudan

3.2 The Division of Cyprus

The contested Social WorldThe contested Social World

‘‘ClimateClimate DeterminismDeterminism’ ’ oror

‘‘ClimateClimate ReductionismReductionism’’

HulmeHulme (2011)(2011)

ClassicalClassical GeopoliticsGeopolitics

SpatioSpatio--

climatic climatic

Determinism ?Determinism ?

SpaceSpace isis understoodunderstood

Space as a social relation

SpaceSpace isis understoodunderstood

herehere as a as a complexcomplex set set

of social of social relationsrelations, , a a

processprocess,, notnot

reducible reducible toto

competitioncompetition overover

exclusive control exclusive control

and/and/oror resourcesresources. .

Mollinga’sMollinga’s 4 hydro4 hydro--political processespolitical processes

•• everyday politics of water control: contestation everyday politics of water control: contestation

of everyday ‘local’ water control (e.g. boreholes; of everyday ‘local’ water control (e.g. boreholes;

distribution of irrigation water amongst farms)distribution of irrigation water amongst farms)

•• politics of national water policy politics of national water policy

•• interinter--state hydrostate hydro--politics (politics (transboundarytransboundary•• interinter--state hydrostate hydro--politics (politics (transboundarytransboundary

aquifers/rivers)aquifers/rivers)

•• Global Water Politics (privatisation of water, Global Water Politics (privatisation of water,

Wold Water Council, World Commission on Wold Water Council, World Commission on

Dams, IPCC, World Bank, IMF)Dams, IPCC, World Bank, IMF)

Questions?Questions?

Comments?

SudanSudan´́s North/South Divisions North/South Division

TransboundaryWaterWater

NatureNature

(c) Stockholm International Water Institute

Sudan’s long Civil War – a classical resource conflict?

Oil Concessions

Jonglei Canal

Agricultural Development

Africa’s Africa’s

Ghezira Irrigation Scheme,

North Sudan

Africa’s Africa’s

Breadbasket? Breadbasket?

Pastoral Life in

South Sudan

“The Land Belongs to the People”Dr John Garang, CPA

(c) University of Bern, Centre for Development and Environment

(c) Edward Thomas, Rift Valley Institute, 2011

Mechanisation

Food Security Food Security or or

Primitive Primitive Accumulation?Accumulation?Primitive Primitive Accumulation?Accumulation?

Geopolitics of the The Horn of Africa

(c) Stockholm International Water Institute, 2011

Cyprus’s Cyprus’s

North/South North/South

DivisionDivisionMorphou AquiferMorphou Aquifer

Southern CyprusSouthern Cyprus

Northern CyprusNorthern Cyprus

Geopolitics of the Eastern Mediterranean

Questions?Questions?

Comments?