What is DRAMA?

Drama comes from Greek words meaning “to do” or “to act”

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance.

It is essentially social and involves contact, communication and the negotiation of meaning.

What is DRAMA? Drama needs an individual or a group of people who use themselves – their bodies and their minds – through action and offers through speech to tell a story.

It is a social encounter in a special place and in a special time. The actors and the spectators move between real time and imaginary time, from existential reality to dramatic reality.

Chinese Drama

Chinese Drama1. Vun Pan Shi

The oldest form, focuses on patriotism and filial devotion.

Music and action are meant to play on the audience's emotion.

Chinese Drama2. Sin Pan Shi

This play presents civil and military conditions.

It differs from the Vun Pan Shi in the manner of singing certain roles and in the acting.

Chinese Drama3. Vun Min Shi

The modern play

Colloquial dialects are allowed instead of Mandarin.

Japanese Drama

Japanese Drama1. Noh Play

The oldest Japanese drama. Developed in the 1300s, it reached its present form in the 1600s.

They are poetic treatments of history, legends, love and war stories, influenced by Buddhism and Shintoism.

Japanese Drama1. Noh Play

Shorter than Western plays and undramatic. Preformed by masked actors.

2 types: The Dramatic and Dream Noh

Dream Noh is rich in symbolic and poetic beauty.

Japanese Drama1. Noh Play

Although roughly 1000 plays were written, only about 250 plays are used today.

Hagoromo is one of the most performed Noh plays

Japanese Drama

Japanese Drama2. Joruri Play

A puppet drama. The puppets are extremely complex.

The puppeteers are often visible on stage.

Founded 1864 in Osaka.

The most popular subject for these plays was the lovers' double suicide.

Japanese Drama2. Joruri Play

The puppets height range from 2 ½ to 4 feet tall. The mouth, tongue, eyelids, etc. can be manipulated and some can even transform into a demon's face.

Japanese Drama

Japanese Drama3. Kabuki Drama

The most popular form of traditional Japanese Drama.

Originated at the end of the 16th century.

It is much more extravagant than the Noh plays.

Japanese Drama3. Kabuki Drama

Focuses on the visual aspects of theater: heavy makeup, exaggerated acting, and special

effects.

Japanese Drama

History of Philippine

Drama

Early forms of the Philippine Drama:

Duplo

It was a poetical debate held by trained men and women in the ninth night, the last night of the

mourning period for the dead.

The male participants, bellacos , are the heads of the game.

Early forms of the Philippine Drama:

Karagatan

It was also a poetical debate like duplo, but its participants were amateurs.

The theme was all about a ring that fell into the sea.

Early forms of the Philippine Drama:

1598- The first recorded drama was staged in Cebu. It was a Comedia written by Vicente Puche and was performed in honor of Msgr. Pedro de Agurto, Cebu’s first bishop.

Early forms of the Philippine Drama:

1609- Eleven year after, another stage play portraying The Life of Santa Barbara was staged in Bicol.

Three Plays And Two Street Dramas That Became Popular

During Spanish Era:

1. Cenakulo

It is a very heavy drama shown in relation to the life sacrifices and death f Jesus Christ.

It is like a passion play presented and celebrated during the month of March or April, depending upon the exact date of the Holy Week.

1. Cenakulo

Two kinds of presenting Cenakulo :

Ablada – oralKantada – song

Cenakulo

2. Moro-Moro

It is a cloak-and-dagger play depicting the wars between the Christians and the Muslims, with the Christians always on the winning side.

The first Moro-Moro was written by Fr. JeronimoPerez and was staged in manila in 1637, to commemorate Governor General Consueras’ victory over the Muslims of Mindanao.

2. Moro-Moro

Consueras’ victory over the Muslims of Mindanao.

Since then, it has become the favorite play of the people, especially during the town festivals.

Moro-Moro

3. Zarzuela

It is a melodrama with songs and dances that have a three-in-one-act play.

It is intended to make the mass feeling towards love, fear, grief, sorrow or any emotional reactions sublime. It sometimes shows the political and social conditions of our country.

3. Zarzuela

Jose Rizal wrote a zarzuela entitled Junto Al Pasig (Beside the Pasig). It was staged at the Ateneo de Manila on December 8, 1880 on the occasion of the celebration of the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception, patron saint of the college.

Zarzuela

Walang Sugat

4. Moriones

Morion festivals are a Lenten ritual that is as colorful as it is unique.

It is celebrated every Holy Week in Marinduque, an island at the southern end of Luzon, particularly in the towns of Boac, Gasan, and Mogpog.

4. Moriones

Morion means mask or visor which is the top part of the medieval Roman armor covering the face. It is this mask carved from dapdap wood that is the focal point of the Moriones celebration.

The climax of the festival is the pugutanceremony held at noon of Easter Sunday.

Moriones

5. Ati-Atihan

It is a pagan ritual which has become an annual affair that the natives look forward to with great expectation.

It is the most extravagant fiesta in the Philippines celebrated in Kalibo, Aklan, and every third Sunday of January in honor of the Infant Jesus.

Ati-Atihan

Modern Philippine

Drama

The Modern Philippine Drama/stage play was rejuvenated upon the establishment of the Repertory Philippines on June of 1967 which was founded by Zeneida “Bibot” Amador and Baby Barredo.

In its years of existence, Repertory Philippines has become the country’s leading theater company, keeping abreast of new materials and demanding outstanding performances from its extraordinary talents.

Alice in Wonderland

Repertory Philippines 2013

Pinocchio

Repertory Philippines 2014

Do You Know That?

A world-wide show (A Dramatic Entertainment) , Miss Saigon , which was produced by Cameron Mackintosh of England whose company received a Queen’s award for Export Achievement was staged in the Cultural Center of the Philippines in March 2001.

Do You Know That?

As to casting, the producers unanimously felt that they needed Asian voices that could sing Western music. And this world-wide search took them to 10 countries including the Philippines where they found the majority of their original London cast.

Do You Know That?

It is here that Miss Lea Salonga of the Philippines became the first star of the show. (BilangKim)

The Cinema

Cinema

The cinema or motion picture is one of the most popular forms of art and entertainment in the Philippines.

Philippine motion picture is also source of information as well as of entertainment. It can introduce us to new ideas and help us explore serious social issues.

Cinema

Students, industries and our government uses it for educational, to advertise their products and to inform and influence the Filipino and people from other countries.

It is an art form that has been called “a wild combination of art, culture, commerce, and technology.”

Cinema

The film extensively makes use of sound and light. It has its intellectual, imaginative, and technical aspects.

The introduction of the first moving pictures to the country on January 1, 1897 at the Salón de Pertierra in Manila.

Cinema

Dalagang Bukid (1919), a movie based on a popular musical play, was the first Filipino movie made and shown by Filipino filmmaker José Nepomuceno. Dubbed as the "Father of Philippine Cinema", his work marked the start of cinema as an art form in the Philippines.

Dalagang Bukid

Elements of Philippine

Motion Picture

1. Music and Musical Director

During the era of silent movies, every cinema house employed musicians who played music that suited the tempo and varying moods of the scenes as they were projected on the screen while others used phonograph records for economy.

1. Music and Musical Director

The musician required to see the pictures and make musical arrangements that suited the tempo and moods on different scenes.

The musical director, in charge of the music, composed new songs and wrote their orchestration, repaired background music, created music scores, and supervised all recording and re-recording.

2. Make-Up, Coiffeur, and Costumes

Make-up consists of the sticky substances, which are applied on the face of the actors before facing the camera.

The hair of the actress should suit the part she place in the picture.

2. Make-Up, Coiffeur, and Costumes

Before, the actors were required to furnish their own attire. However, if they did not have particular attire or suit which the script required, the producer supplied them at his own expense.

3. Acting and the Stars

Acting is the art of portraying or impersonating a character.

A performer should forget his own personality and live the life of the character his portraying.

3. Acting and the Stars

Costumes, hair, make-up, body movement, mannerisms, and way of speaking, expression of the eyes and other parts of the face, the gesture of the hand are the factors that help the performers in perfecting the role he is portraying.

3. Color in the Movies

Color is the latest innovation in cinematography.

Color in local movies was attempted in 1941 by LVN Pictures Inc. in Ibong Adarna. LVN Pictures Inc was the first to introduce color in local movies.

4. Color in the Movies

Today, LVN color film laboratory is considered the best in the Far East. Color films and their processing cost twice as much as the black and white film.

At present, all the local pictures are already in color.

4. Color in the Movies

Today, LVN color film laboratory is considered the best in the Far East. Color films and their processing cost twice as much as the black and white film.

At present, all the local pictures are already in color.

5. Set and Art Director

Beautiful setting gives beauty to the pictures and pleases the eye.

Art directors should know the natural setting and build artificial sets. They should get the inspiration from liberal producers and disappoint the stingy ones.

5. Sounds, Cameras and Technicians

Technicians exert efforts in making the dialogue clear and music of fine quality.

Recording is the process where an orchestra playing the music or song is being recorded in the sound track by the recording apparatus.

5. Sounds, Cameras and Technicians

Playback is the method employed when an actress or actor borrows the voice of another.

Camera man is responsible for exact framing and also decides the use of masking, the choice of lens, the camera angle and the control of camera movements.