Drug addiction

and its effects

Drug : Is any substance /chemical other than food that once taken into a living organism , may modify one or more of its functions

Substance use : Is the ingestion of psychoactive substances in moderate amounts that does not significantly interfere with social , educational , or occupational functioning

Substance intoxication refers to the physiological reaction to ingested substance-drunkenness , or getting high.

Substance abuse is defined in terms of how significantly the substances interfere with the users life.

Substance dependence is concerned the term substance dependence or ‘addiction'. its generally used to describe people who seem to be enslaved by drugs

depressant stimulants opiates hallucinogens

alcohol cocaine heroin marijuana

inhalant caffeine opium LSD

sedatives nicotine morphine

amphetamines codeine

Four categories of psychoactive substances

Tube Cannabis Heroin Tobacco ( Hookah, Beedi, Cigarettes,

Gutka ) Smack Alcohol

Commonly used substances

Risk factors are individual (and/or family) factors associated with the significant likelihood of developing specific problems , presence of one or more factors associated with drug abuse does not mean the person will invariably become a drug abuser.

Risk factors

Genetics Family factors Personality Peer factor Anxiety depression and loneliness Social development factors

FACTORS

Reduce arousal by inhibiting the Central Nervous system

A depressant, or central depressant, is a drug or endogenous compound that lowers neurotransmission levels, which is to depress or reduce arousal or stimulation, in various areas of the brain.

Depressant types include alcohol, barbiturates, opioides

DEPRESSANTS

It affects our decision making ability Injectible use increases the risk of getting

HIV, hepatitis B and C Opioids use is one of the Imp factors for

drug related deaths

OPIOIDS

It affects sleep and appetite It is associated with emotional disturbances

like feeling suspicious , angry , hostile , anxious

Person starts losing interest in other areas of their life like friends and sports.

It can cause heartattacks,seizures,strokes and respiratory failure

STIMULANTS

It affects the way you move , react to situations ,think ,hear , and see

It leads to an increase in heart rate and BP It changes the way you feel

emotionally ,you may feel confused , suspicious and disoriented

It can cause slurred speech , lose control of muscles , make meaningless movements and in irrational aggressive or violent ways

HALLUCINOGENS

It leads to a loss of coordination , poor judgment , distorted vision , memory disturbance and forgetting.

Alcohol can damage every organ in our body

It causes gastric and lever related problems Alcohol reduces appetite. It starts as inflammation(hepatitis)and leads

to fatty liver..Cirrhosis(final phase of alcoholic liver disease

Alcohol-depressant

It lowers down our inhibitions and impairs our judgment.

It increases the involvement in risky behavior such as rash driving , road rage or having unprotected sex.

Drinking large amount of alcohol at one time or very rapidly can cause alcohol poisoning which can lead to coma or even death

It leads to behavioral problems like talking irrelevantly or abnormal behavior

It increases the risk of having CANCER A Single joint contains four times as much

as cancer causing tar as filtered cigarette. It can seriously affect our sense of time and

our coordination impacting things like driving.

It increases risk of pneumonia and other illnesses.

Cannabis-stimulant

A cigarette is a small cylinder of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. The cigarette is ignited at one end and allowed to smolder; its smoke is inhaled from the other end, which is held in or to the mouth; in some cases a cigarette holder may be used as well.

Smoking leads most commonly to diseases affecting the heart, liver and lungs, being a major risk factor for heart attacks, strokes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (including emphysema and chronic bronchitis), and cancer(particularly lung cancer, cancers of the larynx and mouth, and pancreatic cancer). It also causes peripheral vascular disease and hypertension. On average, each cigarette that is smoked is estimated to shorten life by 11 minutes.

Cigarette

HIV (human immuno deficiency virus) is the virus that causes AIDS

HIV can be transferred through various ways: Used needle Unprotected sex Drug use Contaminated blood

HIV AND DRUG

HIV can be transmitted between users

when Injection drug users share equipments such as needles , syringes and other drug injections paraphernalia

Poor judgment and risky behavior-substance use also affect judgment and can lead to unsafe sex which put people at risk for getting HIV

When a woman becomes pregnant, it is very important to adopt a healthy lifestyle. It includes eating plenty of nourishing food, getting plenty of rest and exercising regularly.

Its important to avoid or give up alcohol and drugs

Pregnancy and drug use

Use of drugs and alcohol in the first ten weeks can cause malformations of parts of the developing fetus such as the heart , limbs and the facial features

Continuing drugs in the prenatal growth increases the risk of miscarriage and premature delivery.

Alcohol is one of the most dangerous drug for pregnant women, especially in the early weeks .Heavy drinking during early pregnancy greatly increases the risk of a cluster of birth defects known as- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME

FAMILY WORK SOCIAL LIFE DELCLINE IN ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE INVOLVEMENT IN ILLEGAL ACTIVITIES

EFFECTS ON SOCIAL FUNCTIONING

Making the decision Gathering knowledge about what to do and

where to seek help Developing acquaintance with persons who

have quit Following up with treatment Changing lifestyle

TREATMENT

A person who is physically and psychologically dependent on a substance is usually unable to stop using it without professional help. Initially medical treatment is required to detoxify the individual and also to treat other symptoms such sleep disturbances

Medication used were benzodiazepine , antagonist like disulfram , agonist like proxyvon

Apart from medications substance use treatment involve various techniques to help the patient to become DRUG FREE

THERAPY TECHNIQUES include: Individual therapy Group therapy Marital therapy Family therapy

Understand the consequences of substance use

Motivating for change Understand the benefits of drug free lifestyle Developing ways to handle craving Improve interpersonal and social skills as well

as coping strategies Enhancing assertiveness skills and resistance

skills to drugs Teaching anger management and relaxation

techniques

AIMS OF THERAPY

YES , it can be prevented in the following manner:

Collect information about the adverse consequences of using drugs

Educate yourself and become more aware of the toxic properties

Dispel myths related to these substances and understand that myths do not reflect reality

Can substance use be prevented?

MAKE THE RIGHT CHOICE :SAY NO TO DRUGS AND ALCOHOL