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Dr. Konstantinos Bozos, Accounting and Finance at Leeds University Business School, discussed how to improve the overal presentation aspects - visual parts, appearance, talking, answering questions and many more.
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Contents
• Effective presentations
• Preparation
• Visual media
• Delivery
Why present effectively?
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Attending Conferences
• Academic Conferences are essential...– Access to latest advances in the field – Feedback from experts– Networking with peers, editors, employers
• Academic Conferences are costly...– Time– Fees– Travel– Inconvenience– Opportunity costs
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Academic Presentations
• Weak presenters
• Poor communication skills
• Weak presentations
Outcome is often...
• Boring and disengaging
• Little or no value to audience and presenter
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Opportunity...
• Become a strong presenter
• Deliver engaging presentations
• Attract people’s interest in your work
• Receive valuable feedback
• Publish!
Preparing your presentation
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Know your topic
• Literature & theory
• Dataset & institutional framework
• Methodology & econometrics
• Results
• Limitations
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Know your aims...
• You need the audience to:
1. Show interest in your work
2. Understand it
3. Challenge it
4. Make suggestions
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Know your audience
• Fellow academics
• Professionals
• Editors
• Students
Each group seeks something different...
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Target the audience
Intro 1st Topic 2nd Topic Conclusion
Non technical
General technical
Specialist
time
depth Adapted form Alley (2003)
Preparing Visual Aids
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Preparing visual aids
• Use slides in moderation
• Number slides
• Make slides illustrative
• One key point per slide
• Follow the 5x5 rule...
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Preparing visual aids (cont)
• Careful use of colour
• Let the title do the job
• Use animation/build sparingly
• Graph data, when possible
• Legible Text & Figures (24p)
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A bad example...
TABLE 5COEFFICIENTS ESTIMATED FROM LEAST SQUARES REGRESSIONS OF ABNORMAL RETURNS
FULL MODEL MKT EXPER. FULL MODEL 2 MKT EXPER.2 PARSIMONIOUS STEPWISE
INTERCEPT 0.293 ** 0.223 - - -0.029 ***
(2.267) (1.081) (-3.388)
RUNUP -0.046 *** -0.041 ** -0.037 * -0.037 * -0.057 *** -0.062 ***
(-2.869) (-2.046) (-1.886) (-1.839) (-4.175) (-4.812)
EXSRUNUP 0.076 * 0.073 * 0.070 * 0.070 * - 0.093 **
(1.914) (1.796) (1.743) (1.68) (2.38)
MVAR 110.395 ** 141.889 188.012 ** 179.263 ** - -
(2.193) (1.621) (2.489) (2.257)
VAR -24.029 ** -25.479 ** -27.368 *** -27.725 ** - -16.843 ***
(-2.388) (-2.399) (-2.771) (-2.599) (-3.791)
GRBOND -0.015 -0.011 0.002 - -
(-1.043) (-0.692) (0.118)
EUROUSD -0.244 ** -0.225 * -0.124 ** -0.123 - -
(-2.064) (-1.79) (-2.262) (-1.434)
TIME - 0.000 0.001 ** 0.001 * - -
(0.441) (2.041) (1.775)
LASTSEO - - - 0.027 - -
(0.298)
R2 0.245 0.246 0.362 0.359 0.130 0.33
R2 Adj. 0.205 0.199 0.329 0.313 0.122 0.312
F 6.106 5.224 10.793 7.786 17.432 19.18
Notes:
The table presents the estimated coefficients from an Ordinary Least Squares regression:Car05= α + β1
.RUNUP + β2.EXSRUNUP + β3
.MVAR + β4.VAR + β5
.GRBOND + β6.EUROUSD + β7
.TIME + β8.LASTSEO + εi
*,**,*** : Significant at 90.0%, 95.0%, 99.0% respectively
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Instead use the following...
Selected regressions of abnormal returns Full Model Parsimonious StepwiseINTERCEPT 0.293** -0.029*** -
RUNUP -0.046*** -0.057*** -0.062***
EXSRUNUP 0.076* - 0.093**
MVAR 110.395** - -
VAR -24.029** - -16.843***
GRBOND -0.015 - -
EUROUSD -0.244** - -
CVS Yes No No
R2 Adj. 0.205 0.122 0.312F 6.106 17.432 19.18
Delivering your presentation
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Glossophobia...
FACT 1: 95% of all public speakers experience anxiety…
FACT 2: 95% of the audience cannot tell when this happens…
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Glossophobia...
• Prepare
• Rehearse
• Breathe
• Move
• Eye Contact
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Murphy’s Law...
“If anything can go wrong, it will…”
• Rehearse• Arrive early• Keep backups of presentation• Be prepared...• When something unexpected happens , keep going...
It goes wrong only when you call attention to the issue or you let it ruin the rest of your presentation
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Your appearance
Ladies
Length – Fit
Colours
Jewellery
Makeup
Hair
Gentlemen
Suit
Smart casual
Bright shirt
Tie
Matching socks (if possible)
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Your position
Adapted from Mandel (2000)
• Or to the audience?
• Presenting to the visual?
“Do not speak until you have eye contact with your
audience!”
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Energy
• Movement > Normal & Controlled
• Gestures > Natural Gestures
• Voice > Confidence & Variety
• Expressions> Important (but avoid theatrics)
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Composure
• Posture > Straight
• Eye contact > 3-5 seconds
• Pace > Controlled
• Pauses > Breathe, drink some water
Avoid umm, err, ahh, etc
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Your introduction
• Anecdotal Evidence
• Shocking statement
• Rhetorical question
• Quotation
If you feel confident enough:
• Question
• Humour
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Communicate your topic...
• Tell the audience what you are going to tell them...
• Tell them...
• Then tell them what you told them...
• Tell the audience how you are going to bore them ...
• Bore them ...
• Then tell them how you bored them ...
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Encouraging Questions
Stand away, hand in your pockets and ask:
“Any questions?”
Approach audience, raise hand and ask:
“What questions do you have?”
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Answering Questions
• Listen carefully
• Observe body language
• Remain calm and confident
• Clarify
• Amplify
• Don’t ignore the audience (25%-75%)
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Hostile Questions
• Position- Action- Benefit
• Acknowledge fact
• Respond with information
Answer structures :
- Past, present, future
- Argument 1, 2, 3- Pros vs. Cons
• Maintain position (if appropriate)
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Keep paying attention to...
• The room
• The audience
• Yourself
• The TIME!
