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e-Learning Policy in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions by Mohamed Amin Embi (MEIPTA)
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e-Learning Policy in Malaysian Higher
Education Institutions
By:Prof. Dr. Mohamed Amin Embi
Key Findings on e-Learning Policies
i. A total of 16 HEIs or 38.5% have e-Learning policies. This means that the
majority (61.5%) or 16 HEIs do not have e-Learning policies yet.
ii. For the HEIs that have e-Learning policies, the parties involved in developing
the policies are made up of the top management and representatives of
faculties/centres/departments only. This shows that none of the HEIs involved
the students and external stakeholders in the formulation of their respective
e-Learning policies.
iii. The e-Learning policies are commonly approved by the Senate (60%) or the
top management (40%) of the respective institutions.
iv. According to the e-Learning administrators who formed the sample
population in this study, the various approaches used to disseminate e-
Learning policies to the campus communities include formal training
programmes (80%), university web sites (70%), circulars (60%), pamphlets
(60%), and induction programmes (40%).
v. Most of the HEIs (90%) that have e-Learning policies also have their own
implementation plans.
vi. Most of the HEIs (70%) that have e-Learning policies made the use of e-
Learning (70%) compulsory for lecturers and students.
vii. Less than half of the HEIs surveyed (40%) have implemented their respective
e-Learning policies for more than 3 years or for between 1–3 years, while only
two HEIs (20%) have implemented their e-Learning policies for less than a
year.
viii. The components least detailed in e-Learning policies as compared to other
components are the incentives, awards, and quality assurance components.
ix. For the majority (90%) of the HEIs, e-Learning policy is part of their
respective strategic plans.
x. For most of the HEIs (70%), e-Learning is part of their respective KPI.
xi. Out of the ten HEIs with e-Learning policies, four have no clear e-Learning
implementation plans.
xii. According to e-Learning administrators, in terms of the level of awareness
of the e-Learning policy among the academic staff of their respective
institutions, six HEIs are at the level of 76–100%, one HEI is at 51–75%;
three HEIs are at the level of 26–50% and four other HEIs are at the level of
awareness between 0–25%.
xiii. For the majority of the HEIs (12 out of 20) to date, their respective e-
Learning implementation plans have achieved a success rate of 0 to 50%,
while only eight HEIs have achieved a success rate of between 51% to 100%.
xiv. In general, support from management, faculty/school/department, and
students are at the level of 76–100%, while support from the lecturers is at
the level of 25–50%. This shows that the support from the lecturers is less
than that of other stakeholders.
xv. 80% of the lecturer sample confirmed that there was an e-Learning policy at
their respective institution.
xvi. The majority (92.5%) of the lecturers are aware and know about the e-
Learning policy in their respective HEIs.
xvii. According to them, information about the policy was obtained mainly from
institutional websites (58%), circulars (57.4%), and formal training
programmes conducted by their respective HEIs.
xviii. Only 5% of the lecturers stated that they did not comply with the e-
Learning policy in their respective HEIs. A total of 30.6% complied fully,
and 58.7% complied with a part of the policy, while 5.7% are not sure
whether they complied or not.
Lecturers’ response on the existing e-Learning policy
Awareness of e-Learning policy among lecturers
Compliance with e-Learning policy among academic staff
Number/Percentage of HEIs having e-Learning policies
The stakeholders involved in formulating
e-Learning policies
Approving bodies of e-Learning policies
How e-Learning policy is disseminated and promoted
Number/Percentage of HEIs having e-Learning policy
implementation plans
Number/Percentage of HEIs making
e-Learning compulsory
Duration of e-Learning policy implementation
The components included in e-Learning policies
Number/Percentage of HEIs that make e-Learning policies a
part of their institutional strategic plan
Number/Percentage of HEIs that make e-Learning policies a
part of their institutional KPIs
Number/Percentage of HEIs with clear e-Learning policy
implementation plan
Level of awareness of e-Learning policy among academic
staff
Level of success in implementing e-Learning
Levels of stakeholder support/commitment