PRESENTATIONON

NEPAL EARTHQUAKE - 2015

BY -: BHARGAV CHAVDACLASS -: 9B ROLL NO-:15

A Tragedy To Life And Property

What is An Earthquake? An Earthquake is the Sudden movement or vibration in earth’s crust

result that creates seismic waves.

Release of the energy due to intense pressure + active internal dynamism of the earth

The seismic activity of an area refers to the frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

Nepal has three geographic regions The Terai is fertile land and the

primary agrarian region. It borders India. It has a tropical climate and major crops include rice, wheat, pulses, sugarcane, jute, tobacco, and maize.

The Hills or Valley is the longest inhabited part of Nepal. 45%

of the population of Nepal lives on the Hills. The capital Kathmandu is here and has the only international airport of the country. The Mountains are the

most difficult region for habitation.

CultureNepal is ethnically and culturally a minority mosaic. There are more than 100 different ethnicgroups and castes. In Nepal 124 different languages and dialects are spoken.

Date 25 April 2015

Origin time 11:56:26 NSTMagnitude 7.8Mwor 8.1 Mw Depth 15.0 km (9.3 mi)Epicenter 28.147°N 84.708°EType Thrust

Areas affected NepalIndiaChinaBangladesh

Total damage ≈$5 billion (about 25% of GDP

Max. intensity IX (Violent)Aftershocks 7.3Mw on 12 May at 12:51

6.7Mw on 26 April at 12:54No. of aftershocks( >=4ML )=329 (as of 24 June 2015)

Casualties 8,856 dead in Nepal (officially) and 9,017 in total

21,952 injured (officially

EARTHQUAKE PROFILE OF NEPAL --2015

Country Context Total population: 23,151,423 with

annual population growth rate at 2.25 [CBS, 2001]

Most natural hazard prone; flood, earthquake, fires, landslides, extended dry spell & health risks resulting to epidemics

Nepal is disaster prone country due to:

Rugged & fragile geomorphic condition

Variable climate conditions Increasing population Poor economic conditions Unplanned settlements

The Disaster Situation

Earthquake is a major potential hazard to reckon with

The country is located on an active seismic belt

The exponential urbanization trend over the past decade with general disregard of earthquake

Kathmandu valley (3 districts and 5 Municipalities) is at the high risk of earthquake

Up to 900,000 homeless 60% of buildings destroyed Only two or three of the 14 hospitals in the valley with

an in-patient capacity of thirty or more still functional 95% of water pipes & 50% of pumping stations &

treatment plants seriously affected; water supply disrupted for several months.

60% of telephones unusable for up to a month 40% of electricity lines and all sub-stations non-

functional for a month 50% of bridges & many narrow roads unusable because

of damage & debris Kathmandu international airport isolated by collapse of

access roads & bridges; runway partially or totally unusable.

DISASTER RISK PROFILE

Nepal is ranked as 11th most risk country in world in terms of relative vulnerability to earthquake & 30th with respect to flood [UNDP/BCPR, 2004]

Nepal remains as one of the global hot-spots for natural disaster [World Bank, 2005]

Entire country falls in high earthquake intensity belt-high seismic scale.

This earthquake, the worst quake to hit Nepal (a poor South Asian nation) since 1934, collapsed buildings and houses, leveled centuries-old temples and triggered avalanches in the Himalayas.

Impact of the Nepal Earthquake

A magnitude 7.8 earthquake occurred 80 km to the northwest of the Nepalese capital, Kathmandu on 25th April 2015. This earthquake is the largest to have hit the Nepal region in over 80 years.

UNESCO World Heritage siteUNESCO has declared 7 World Heritage Sites, all inside Kathmandu Valley. These seven World Heritage Sites are all amazing man-made wonders still standing majestically – some of them as old as 2500 years

Kathmandu Durbar Square Lies in the heart of

the capital and is popularly known as the Hanuman Dhoka Palace - the Gateway of Hanuman - an ancient seat of Nepalese Royalty

were constructed from the 15th – 18th centuries

Patan Durbar SquarePatan is only 7.8km south-east of Kathmandu city. This city is considered one of the oldest among the three cities of Kathmandu Valley

Swayambhunath A Buddhist stupa on a western hills of Kathmandu. The 2,500 year old

monument is a holy site replete with symbols. The mound represents the four elements of earth, fire, wind and water. The 13 gilded rings of the spire symbolize the 13 steps of the ladder leading to Nirvana, the final salvation.

BOUDHANATH STUPA:

Pashupati Nath is considered one of the holiest shrines of all the Hindu temples. It is 6km. east of downtown Kathmandu. The temple has remained the presiding deity of ruling Nepalese Royalty

Pashupatinath Temple

Dharahara, also called bhimsen towerIt was built in 1832 by Mukhtiyar (equivalent toPrime Minister) Bhimsen Thapa under the commission of Queen Lalit Tripura Sundari 

DAMAGEThousands of houses were destroyed across many districts of the country, with entire villages flattened, especially those near the epicenter

Loss of life and property

Total property loss ≈$5 billion

Nearly 9,000 people were killedand injured more than 23,000.

A second major earthquake occurred on 12 May 2015  At least 200 died in Nepal as a result of the aftershock and about

2,500 were injured. in India and one in China

avalanche on Mount Everest

Killing at least 19,making April 25, 2015 the deadliest day on the mountain in history. The earthquake triggered another huge avalanche in the Langtang valley, where 250 people were reported missing

At least 17 people were killed after an earthquake outside Kathmandu triggered the avalanche

SEARCH AND RESCUE

Before and after

INTERNATIONAL AID TO NEPAL FOR EARTHQUAKE RELIEF

INDIA’S ROLE IN RESCUE OPERATIONSGovernment of India was among the first to respond to the crisis, by launching a full-fledged rescue and relief operation codenamedOperation Maitri (Operation Amity). Within 15 minutes of the quake, Prime Minister Narendra Modi responded, directing immediate dispatch of relief and rescue teams, including medical teams, to Nepal.

India has sent humanitarian relief to the remote villages most affected by Nepal's deadly earthquake

 The first quake measured 7.8 Mw and its epicenter was identified at a distance of 80 km to the northwest of Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal. Bharatpur was the nearest major city to the main earthquake, 53 km (33 mi) from the epicenter

Aftershocks

Continued aftershocks occurred throughout Nepal within 15–20 minute intervals, with one shock reaching a magnitude of 6.7 on 26 April at 12:54:08 NST. The country also had a continued risk of landslides. A major aftershock occurred on 12 May 2015 at 12:51 NST with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 7.3.

 The epicenter was near the Chinese border between the capital of Kathmandu and Mt. Everest. More than 200 people were killed and more than 2,500 were injured by this aftershock.

Intensity The intensity in Kathmandu was IX (Violent

Tremors were felt in the neighboring Indian states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Assam, West Bengal, Sikkim, Jharkhand, 

Uttarakhand, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat in the National capital region around New Delhi

and as far south as Karnataka

History of earthquakes in Nepal

Aftermath: Hundreds of thousands of people were made

homeless with entire villages flattened

Across many districts of the country. Centuries-old buildings were destroyed

Property cost burdens, urbanization, private and public debt burdens, mental health, politics, tourism, as well as disease and healthcare system damages, disasters that come with the monsoon season.

LESSONS learn from earthquakes

The knowledge and timing of anticipatory actions is vital .

Timely, realistic disaster scenarios save lives.

Emergency response saves lives. Emergency medical preparedness saves lives.

Earthquake engineered buildings save lives.

The international community always provides aid

FACTMOST OF THE 200+ NATIONS

NEED EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE

POLICIES THAT ARE BASED ON LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST EARTHQUAKE DISASTER

LABORATORIES