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Pearson 6th Earth Science terms and defintions
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1. ______-places in the Earth’s crust where rocks have broken apart
faults
A. ______ _____- areas where tension forces cause rock above the fault surface to move downward
normal faults
1)____________- a block of rock that forms the upper half of the fault2)____________- a block of rock that forms the lower half of the fault
hanging hanging wallwall
footwafootwallll
B. _______ _____- areas where compression forces cause rock above the fault to move
_________
reverse fault
upward
C. ________________- areas where shearing forces cause plates to move sideways past each other (horizontally)
strike-slip fault
Reverse
2. _____________- energy waves produced by an earthquake; earthquakes are the vibrations felt when this movement happens.
seismic waves
A.______________- travel through Earth by causing particles in rocks to compress and stretch apart in the direction of the wave;
fastestfastest
B. _______________- travel through Earth causing particles in rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the waves
primary waves
secondary waves
C. _____________- energy that travels out from the epicenter
surface waves
D. Seismic waves ____ and ______ speed as the density of rock changes
1)P-waves _____ when they contact the outer core.
2)S-waves are _______ completely by the outer core.
3)___________-area where no S-waves are received
bendchange
bend
stopped
shadow zone
3. ______- point in the Earth’s interior where the energy is released during an earthquake
focus
4. _________- point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus
epicenter
5. ___________- an instrument that measures earthquake activity
seismometer
6. __________- measure of the energy released by an earthquake activity
magnitude
7. _____________- 7. _____________- describesdescribes how how much much energyenergy is released during is released during an earthquake; for each 1.0, the an earthquake; for each 1.0, the amplitude of the largest surface amplitude of the largest surface wave is 10 times greater; 32 wave is 10 times greater; 32 times as much energy is released times as much energy is released for each 1.0 increasefor each 1.0 increase
Richter Scale
8.__________- assesses _______; rates from I to XII; based on intensity (amount of damage)
Mercalli damage
Damaging Earthquake in the US (1750 - 1996)
9. ____________- occurs when wet or soft soil becomes more like a liquid from shaking (like a milkshake)
liquefaction
10. ________- huge ocean waves caused by seismic activity
tsunami
Tsunami-
Dec. 26, 2004http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/tsunami/videogallery/
videogallery.html
Other siteshttp://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/tsunami/interactive/
interactive.html