Economic Research Worktext

Jameson N. Estrada

Pangasinan State University

Pangasinan State UniversityLINGAYEN CAMPUS

Lingayen, PangasinanPANG

ASIN

ANSTATEUNIVERSITYPA

NGAS

INAN

STATEUNIVERSITY

1979

PREFACEEconomic Research I with the course code Econ 119A deals with the applications of various economic

research processes. The purpose of this course is to teach students how to conduct their own economicresearch and how to read with understanding the research that others have completed.

This worktext is intended for use by students of AB Economics program taking up the subject Econ119A with the objective of providing them with a comprehensive understanding about economic research.Likewise, it has been designed as an instrument for learning development and assessment, providingstudents with a practical approach to applying the knowledge learned in the lectures. Each worktextcovers exercises that is built upon the lessons of all the chapters with the following course outcomes:

1. Understand the nature, characteristics and purposes of economic research.2. Formulate an economic research problem or topic.3. Make a write-up of the research introduction including the background of the study,

statement of the problem, research hypothesis, signi�icance, scope and delimitation of thestudy.

4. Comprehend how to review related literature and related studies and develop theoretical andconceptual frameworks.

5. Make a write-up of the review of related literature and related studies.6. Analyze how to conceptualize the economic research design.7. Know how to construct the research instrument for data collection.8. Evaluate the validity and reliability of the research instrument9. Utilize the methods of selecting the research respondents including the sampling procedures.

10. Analyze the use of statistical tools and techniques for measurements and analysis of data.11. Make a write-up of the research methodology.12. Value and appreciate the ethical concerns in economic researches.13. Defend successfully the the economic research proposal.

Bear in mind that it takes sustained e�fort – and some dedicated patience – to study and learn thesubject. But, it is assured that the e�fort is well worth it. It is hoped this modest work helps you. So, thebest of luck as you begin your journey in answering the worktext exercises!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Introduction to Economic Research

4 Formulating the Research Problem

9 Making a Write-up of the Research Introduction

14 Researching for Review of Related Literature,

Related Studies and Theoritical Framework

18 Making a Write-up of the Review of Related

Literature and Related Studies

21 Conceptualizing the Research Design

24 Establishing the Validity and Reliability of the

Research Instrument

28 Selecting the Sample

31 Statistical Treatment of Data

35 Writing a Research Proposal

38 Research Ethics

T

PAGE CONTENT

1

WORKTEXT 1: Introduction to Economic Research Econ 119 – Economic Research Iwww.jamesonestrada.com

EXERCISE 1

Modified True or False. Determine if the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question.

1. Economic research is a process investigating or finding solutions to scientific, social and economic queries and problems through objective and systematic analysis._____________________

2. Research is a logical and systematic search for new and useful information on a particular topic._____________________

3. A research is empirical if any conclusions drawn are based upon hard evidence gathered from information collected from real-life experiences or observations. _____________________

4. A systematic research implies that the procedures adopted to undertake an investigation follow a certain logical sequence. _____________________

5. According to Shuttleworth, research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue. _____________________

6. Research provides the basis for nearly all government policies in our economic system._____________________

7. Macroeconomic research focuses on the study of the behavior of consumers and firms._____________________

8. Microeconomic research provides general perspective of economies, by studying economic aggregates, such as consumption, governments, interest rates and exchange rates. _____________________

9. To study economic problems, economists employ a process of theoretical investigation called the hypothesis. _____________________

10. The last step in scientific method is testing the hypothesis. _____________________

11. The use of statistics is not an integral part of an economic research. _____________________

12. Applied research attempts to explain why things happen whereas basic research tries to see how things can be changed._____________________

13. Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount._____________________

14. Qualitative research is concerned with qualitative phenomenon relating to or involving quality or kind._____________________

15. How people feel or what they think about a particular subject or institution is a qualitative research._____________________

16. The measurement and analysis of the variables about which information is obtained in a research study are dependent upon the purpose of the study. _____________________

17. A research study classified as a descriptive study attempts to describe systematically a situation, problem or phenomenon. _____________________

18. The first state of research begins with literature survey and reference collection. _____________________

19. In an applied research, one solves certain problems employing well-known and accepted theories and principles. _____________________

20. Explanatory research attempts to clarify why and how there is a relationship between two aspects of a situation or phenomenon. _____________________

Republic of the PhilippinesPangasinan State UniversityLingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 1 : INTRODUCTION TO ECONOMIC RESEARCHEcon 119A – Economic Research I

NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________

YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________

2


EXERCISE 2

Classification. Identify whether each of the following could be likely considered as economic research. Write Y if yes and N if No.

21. Attitudes of students towards quality of teaching.___________

22. Relationship between stressful living and the incidence of heart attacks ___________

23. Effectiveness of a marriage counselling service on extent of marital problems ___________

24. Impact of maternal and child health services on infant mortality ___________

25. Effectiveness of an immunization program in controlling infectious disease ___________

26. The emigration of highly skilled labor and its impact on the local economy ___________

27. Factors affecting the productivity of construction workers ___________

28. Effect of family income on a student's academic performance ___________

29. Employee benefits and their impacts on unemployment rates in a province ___________

30. Effect of executive compensation on corporate performance ___________

31. Effects of nutritional labels and advertisements on the daily consumption of fat ___________

32. Factors affecting freshman admissions to a university ___________

33. Analysis of the increase in the number of single parent families ___________

34. Determining variables that explain variation in air quality in selected cities ___________

35. Underlying problems of crime rate in selected cities ___________

36. Analysis of the competitive nature of the smartphone industry ___________

37. Analysis of debt among households in a municipality ___________

38. Impact of oil prices on alternative energy sources ___________

39. Demand analysis for sheep meat in a particular country ___________

40. Determinants affecting the regional gross domestic product of a region ___________

EXERCISE 3

Classification. Determine the following economic questions as microeconomic research or macroeconomic research. Write MIR for microeconomic research and MAR for macroeconomic research.

41. What are the differences of entrepreneurial behavior in rural and urban areas? ___________

42. What are the economic contributions of top 50 IT firms located in a city? ___________

43. What determines the consumer demand for spa services? ___________

44. Why do consumers purchase life insurance? ________45. What is the expenditure patterns of tourists in the

Philippines? ___________

46. What is the price elasticity of demand for consumer electronics products? ___________

47. What is the role of social networks in supporting innovation activities? ___________

48. How efficient are the firms in the Philippine real estate?___________

49. What is the characterization of the Filipino manager and investors? ___________

50. How do interest rates affect consumption in a country?___________

51. Are mergers related to productivity in Philippine firms?___________

52. Can the dominant firm model be applied to the furniture retail industry in the Philippines? ___________

53. Does size affect profits of manufacturing firms?___________

54. What is the effect of peso depreciation in Filipinospending? ___________

55. What is the Philippine monetary policy over the last 25 years? ___________

56. What are the determinants of corporate debt in the Philippines? ___________

57. What is the effect of inflation on Filipino firms’ profits?___________

58. What are the similarities and differences in the demand of skilled and non-skilled labor? ___________

59. How does immigration affect employment and productivity? ___________

60. Is there a relationship between economic growth and unemployment in the Philippines? ___________

3


EXERCISE 4

Classification. Determine whether each of the following applies to qualitative research or quantitative research. Write QL for qualitative research and QN for quantitative research.

61. An examination of incomes of MBA graduates. ___________

62. Types of service provided by an advertising agency.___________

63. Determining the price of television ads. ___________

64. Regression analysis of household income and consumption ___________

65. The attitudes of workers towards management.___________

66. The health needs provide for the community.___________

67. The socio-economic characteristics of residents of a community. ___________

68. The economic effect of an advertising campaign on sale of a product. ___________

69. The impact of technology on productivity. ___________

70. Consumers’ likes and dislikes about a newly introduced product. ___________

71. The extent of occupational mobility among immigrants.___________

72. The behavior of agribusiness stakeholders towards the concept of agricultural marketing ___________

73. The problems faced by new immigrants in a certain city.___________

74. The unfair labor practices of local employers in a city.___________

75. The study of pricing and production in the textbook industry. ___________

EXERCISE 5

Classification. Determine what type of research based on objectives of study is represented in each of the following. Write descriptive research, correlational or explanatory research.

76. Hannah investigates the socio-economic characteristics of workers in the business processing outsourcing (BPO) sector. ___________

77. Marife determines the prices of Chinese goods sold in a city. ___________

78. Edwin examines the relationship between the level of income and level of health care expenditure of faculty members in a university. ___________

79. Kimchie Mae determines the economic profile of market vendors in terms of their average monthly profit and sources of capital. ___________

80. Jaira explores the various factors affecting the GPA ofeconomics students in a university. ___________

81. Sherna wants to know the number of people living in a poor barangay. ___________

82. Robylyn determines the impact of incentives on productivity of women rice farmers. ___________

83. Evangeline wants to find out the effects of commuting to school on AB Economics students’ academic performance. ___________

84. Sheila investigates the attitudes of workers towards fast food restaurant management. ___________

85. Reynald investigates why some farmers adopt these agricultural practices while others do not. ___________

86. Ronel identifies the problems faced by Person with Disabilities (PWDs) in a certain city. ___________

87. Mildred finds out why so some people drink milk tea while other do not. ___________

88. Lanny researches how technology createsunemployment or employment. ___________

89. Kris analyzes the effect oil price rollbacks on the economic sectors of Pangasinan. ___________

90. Bryan studies the travel habits of passengers commuting from Dagupan City to Manila. ___________

91. Mikee analyzes price elasticity demand for cigarettes among households in a community. ___________

92. Rogelio identifies the different marketing practices of swine raisers and traders in a region. ____________

93. Joshua studies the relationship between the level of demand of goat and the variables affecting the demand for goat. ____________

94. Angelica seeks to find out the opportunity cost of college education among dropouts in a certain university.____________

95. Christian finds out why some students are aware of E-learning and others are not. ____________

4


EXERCISE 6

In each of these economic cases, perform the scientific method by identifying and formulating its four steps.

96. The relationship between the price of milk tea and quantity demanded of milk tea.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

97. The relationship between household income and consumption.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

98. The effect of an advertising campaign on sale of baby diaper brand.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

99. The relationship between the cost of production and supply of android tablets.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

100. The relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and consumption spending of a country.____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

EXERCISE 7

Below is a general set of sequential components or various stages of economic research. Arrange these stages chronologically by indicating A as the first stage and J as the last stage. Write the answer on the blank after the statement.

101.Formulation of hypotheses __________

102.Selection of a research topic __________

103.Definition of a research problem __________

104.Literature survey and reference collection __________

105.Data analysis __________

106.Result __________

107.Research design __________

108.Assessment of current status of the topic chosen__________

109.Actual investigation __________

110.Interpretation of result __________

1

WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I

www.jamesonestrada.com

EXERCISE 1 Modified True or False. Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question.

1. Formulating a research problem is the first and most important step in the research process. ____________

2. Any question that you want answered and any assumption or assertion that you want to challenge or investigate can become a research problem or a research topic for your study. ____________

3. Potential research questions may occur on a regular basis, but the process of formulating them in a meaningful way is not at all an easy task. ____________

4. Interest should be the most important consideration in selecting a research problem. ____________

5. Objectives are the goals you set out to attain in your study. ____________

6. The main objectives are the specific aspects of the topic

that you want to investigate within the main framework of your study. ____________

7. It is important to articulate the objectives of your study clearly. ____________

8. When you define concepts that you plan to use either in your research problem and/or in identifying the study population in a measurable form, they are called working definitions or operational definitions. ____________

9. Independent variables answer the question "What do I change?” ____________

10. Dependent variable is the outcome or change(s) brought about by introduction of an independent variable. ____________

11. A nominal scale enables the classification of individuals, objects or responses based on a common/shared property or characteristic. ____________

12. In a ratio scale, the difference between the intervals is always measured from a zero point. ____________

13. Attribute variables cannot be manipulated, changed or controlled, and that reflect the characteristics of the study population. ____________

14. A hypothesis is a conjectural statement of the relationship between two or more variables. ____________

15. To test a hypothesis you need to go through a process that comprises three phases. ____________

16. A null hypothesis is a claim (or statement) about a population parameter that is assumed to be true until it is declared false. ____________

17. Type I error occurs where you reject a null hypothesis

when it is true and should not have been rejected. ____________

18. Acceptance of a null hypothesis when it is false is known as a Type II error. ____________

EXERCISE 2 Suppose you are working in the field of business studies. You can work at different levels: as a salesperson, sales manager or sales promotion executive. You may just want to find out the monthly fluctuation in the sales of a particular product, or you may be asked to develop an R&D strategic plan to compete for a greater share of the market for the products produced by your company. Formulate ten (10) necessary research questions that are applicable to your field of business study. Three examples are provided as your guide. Examples:

What is the best strategy to promote the sale of a particular product?

How many salespersons do I need? What is the effect of a particular advertising campaign

on the sale of this product?

19. ____________________________________________

20. ____________________________________________

21. ____________________________________________

22. ____________________________________________

23. ____________________________________________

24. ____________________________________________

25. ____________________________________________

Republic of the Philippines Pangasinan State University

Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 2 : ECONOMIC RESEARCH PROBLEM Econ 119A – Economic Research I

NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________ YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________

2



EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine what source of research problems is determined in each of these cases. Write people, problem, programme or phenomena.

26. The relationship between unemployment and street crime ___________

27. The effectiveness of the health promotion program of PhilHealth ___________

28. The extent of consumers’ satisfaction on car wash

services ___________

29. The profitability of multi-purpose cooperatives ___________

30. The impact of social networking sites on the educational achievement of students ___________

31. The attributes of a good economics teacher

___________

32. Salary discrimination in the Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) ___________

33. The pollution trend of industrialization in Metro Manila ___________

34. Determining the price of television ads on regional TV networks ___________

35. The acceptability of statistical mobile applications

___________

36. SM’s emergence as a shopping mall leader ___________

37. The cause and effects of automobile safety regulations ___________

38. The rural banking system in Pangasinan ___________

39. Spending determinants on life insurance ___________

40. Underlying economic problems of drug addiction in barangays ___________

EXERCISE 4 Classification. Determine whether each of the following is a concept or variable. Write C for concept and V for variable.

41. Effectiveness _____________

42. Income _____________

43. Satisfaction _____________

44. Profit _____________

45. Age and Sex _____________

46. Impact _____________

47. Extent of Seriousness _____________

48. Frequency of practice _____________

49. Sales _____________

50. Religion _____________

51. Expenditure pattern _____________

52. Unemployment _____________

53. Changes in GDP growth rate _____________

54. Prices of commodities _____________

55. Investment _____________

EXERCISE 5

Provide (relevant) measurable attributes for the following object/subject.

56. Extent of responsiveness ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

57. A consumer

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

58. Price

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

59. Unemployment

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

60. A market ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

61. A restaurant

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

62. Employees

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

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63. Level of awareness ____________________________________________

____________________________________________

64. Students

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

65. Rural banks

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

EXERCISE 6 Classification. Identify which type of variable and relationship is represented by the following. Write D for dependent variable, and I for independent variable.

66. Smoking __________ Cancer __________

67. Economic growth Gross Domestic Product

68. Price __________ Quantity supplied __________

69. Monthly food expenditure__________

Monthly income __________

70. Total cost __________ Production volume __________

71. GPA __________ Study Time __________

72. Unemployment rate __________ Job fair __________

73. Mortality __________

Fertility __________

74. Productivity __________ Incentives __________

75. No. of crop yields __________

Amount of organic fertilizer __________

76. Quantity demanded __________ Price of a complementary good__________

77. Total gross sales __________

Amount of money spent on advertising __________

78. Number of major natural calamities __________ Annual profits of an insurance company __________

79. Quantity of retail spaces rented __________ Rental fee __________

80. Temperature __________ Milk tea sales __________

EXERCISE 7

Classification. For each of the following, determine whether the variable or data being measured is qualitative or quantitative. Write QL for qualitative and QN for quantitative.

81. Whether or not a smartwatch is defective __________

82. Sales of imported wines from France__________

83. Civil status of respondents __________

84. Time to commute from home to school __________

85. The level of customer satisfaction for a product __________

86. Models of 2015 smartphone brands __________

87. PSU student’s favorite TV programs __________

88. Salaries of Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) _________

89. Number of household appliances owned by families

__________

90. Monthly postpaid plan bills__________ EXERCISE 8 Classification. For each of the following, determine whether the variable or data being measured is discrete or continuous. Write D for discrete and C for continuous.

91. Amount of profit earned by bagoong producers. __________

92. Number of friends in Facebook __________

93. Household size __________

94. Preference between laptop and tablet __________

95. Annual budget of each municipality of a province.

96. Number of tourist destinations a tourist visited in a

year.__________

97. Market value of Philippine GDP in 2014 __________

98. Gross sales of 12 ice cream parlors in April 2014 __________

99. Number of supermarkets in Metro Manila __________

100. Average prices of condominium units in Makati City.

__________

4

WORKTEXT 2: Economic Research Problem Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com

EXERCISE 9

Classification. Identify which level of measurement is represented by the following data. Write N for nominal, O for ordinal, I for interval and R for ratio.

101. Monthly income of club members in a yoga class:P50,000–P150,000 __________

102. Course grades in any course: 1.0, 1.25, 1.5. 1.75. 2.0,2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3.0 __________

103. Student’s sex whether male, female __________

104. Average monthly temperature in degrees Celsius inMetro Manila throughout the year __________

105. Highest educational attainment of survey respondents__________

106. Marital status of survey respondents __________

107. Age of the respondents in the survey __________

108. The socio-economic status of the respondents whetherupper, middle or low __________

109. The year in which the respondent was born __________

110. The voting intentions of the respondents in the surveyclassified as Pro, Anti, or Undecided __________

111. Performance rating of employees classified as AboveExpectations, Average Expectations, or BelowExpectations __________

112. The uniform number of each member on a sports team__________

113. A list of the graduating college students by class rank__________

114. Final exam scores for an economics class on a scale of0 to 100 __________

115. The municipality in which the respondents in a surveyreside __________

EXERCISE 10

State the null and alternative hypothesis of each of the following statements/claims.

116. The practice of certain sales promotion may increase themonthly gross sales of restaurant meals.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

117. The significant relationship exists between the totalgross sales and the amount of money spent onadvertising by a telecommunications company.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

118. There is a significant difference in the level ofpreferences on the types of credit preferred by theLingayen market vendors according to their profilevariables.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

119. The incomes of household is related to their level ofconsumption spending.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

120. There is a statistical significance between the socio-economic characteristics of swine raisers and theirmarketing practices?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

121. The study time and extra-curricular activities may affectthe GPA of AB Economics students.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

122. The amount of organic fertilizer used may increase thechange of having a significant increase in crop yields ofJNE Farms.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

123. The level of demand for mangoes in 2015 are affectedby the non-price of determinants of demand.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

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124. At the 5% level of significance, one can conclude thatsex and owning a cell phone are related for all adults.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

125. Testing level of significance whether the currentdistribution of opinions of students on social networkingsites is different from that for 2014.

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

EXERCISE 11

Go through the dissecting process by dissecting each of the following subject areas below into five subareas. As a guide, please see the following example.

Unemployment

Profile of unemployed individuals Reasons for being unemployed Socio-economic impact of unemployment Type of unemployment faced by unemployed individuals Problems encountered by unemployed individuals

126. Household Consumption____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

127. Labor Market for Economics Graduates____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

128. Milkfish Production____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

129. Productivity of Women Farmers____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

130. Consumer Preferences on Smartphones____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

131. Effect of Deflation ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

132. Market Analysis of Strawberries ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

133. Real estate industry ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

134. Marketing Practices of Bagoong ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

135. Healthcare Expenditures of Professionals ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 12

Formulate an economic research title statement using the following key words/phrases. Write the answer on the blanks provided for.

Ex. Labor Productivity of Women Rice Farmers in Pangasinan.

136. Productivity____________________________________________

137. Credit Card____________________________________________

138. Supermarket____________________________________________

139. Mobile Phones____________________________________________

140. Opportunity cost____________________________________________

141. Public Utility Buses (PUBs)

____________________________________________

6


142. Socio-economic Effects

____________________________________________

143. Health Care____________________________________________

144. Income____________________________________________

145. Consumer Satisfaction____________________________________________

146. Sari Sari Stores____________________________________________

147. Unemployment____________________________________________

148. Pangasinan State University – Lingayen Campus____________________________________________

149. Dagupan City, Pangasinan____________________________________________

150. AB Economics Students

____________________________________________

151. Market Vendors____________________________________________

152. Business Firms____________________________________________

153. Consumers____________________________________________

154. Local Government____________________________________________

155. Tourists____________________________________________

EXERCISE 13

Below are the relevant terms to be defined relating to the following economic research topic. Provide the operational definitions of these terms.

“Consumption and Income Analysis of Households in Lingayen, Pangasinan”

156. Consumption : ________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

157. Income : _____________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

158. Households : _________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

159. Household Size : ______________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

160. Food and Beverages : __________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

161. Sources of Income : ____________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

162. Family Type : _________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

163. Entrepreneurial activity: : _______________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

164. Occupation : ________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

165. Private transfer : ______________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

1

WORKTEXT 3: Making a Write-up of Research Introduction Econ 119 – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com

By working on your economic research topic, provide the write- up of the contents of the research introduction comprising the following:

Background of the Study Statement of the Problem Research Hypotheses Significance of the Study Scope and Delimitation of the Study Definition of Terms

ECONOMIC RESEARCH TITLE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the background of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1


Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 3 : MAKING A WRITE-UP OF RESEARCH INTRODUCTION Econ 119 – Economic Research I


2


___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3


Write the statement of the problem. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 2

4


Write the research hypothesis/hypotheses. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the significance of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4

5


Write the scope and delimitation of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the definition of terms of the study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5

EXERCISE 6

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___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

1

WORKTEXT 4 : Review of Related Literature and Studies Econ 119A – Economic Research I


EXERCISE 1 True or False. Determine if the following statements is true or false. Write T if it is true and F if it is false.

1. Literature review is a body of text that aims to review the

critical points of current knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological contributions to a particular topic. ____________

2. A literature review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. ____________

3. Literature review does not provide a theoretical background to the study. ____________

4. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such,

do not report any new or original experimental work. ____________

5. Literature review brings clarity and focus to the research problem and improves research methodology. __________

6. The first step of the literature review involves the

identification of the various published and unpublished materials that are available on the topic of interest. ___________

7. Books, journals and internet are the three major sources to search for existing literature. ____________

8. An Internet search is carried out through search engines like Google and Yahoo. ____________

9. The most directly pertinent information to read in a literature review will usually come from from journal articles and research reports. ___________

10. A well-structured research methodology is characterized

by current and relevant references with consistent, appropriate referencing style. ____________

11. Theoretical framework consists of the theories or issues in which the study is embedded. ____________

12. A research paradigm is used in research to outline possible courses of action or to present a preferred approach to an idea or thought. ____________

EXERCISE 2

Classification. For each of the following, determine the type of data involved. Write P for primary data and S for secondary data.

13. Website of a company __________

14. Archives __________

15. Administering questionnaires to individuals __________

16. Observations from events and people __________

17. Censuses __________

18. Statistical bulletins __________

19. Government publications __________

20. Journals __________

21. Internet sources __________

22. Newspapers __________

23. Textbooks __________

24. Unpublished Theses__________

25. Focus groups __________ EXERCISE 3 Given the following bibliography, identify what particular data source of literature review and related studies is used. Write the answer on the blank provided for.

26. Bateman, T.S. and Strasser, S. (1984). A Longitudinal Analysis of the Antecedents of Organizational Commitment. The Academy of Management Journal, 27, (1), 95–112 __________________

27. http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Evalua

tion.html __________________

28. Lippman, S.S., and J.J. McCall (2001). "Information, Economics of," International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, pp. 7480–7486 __________________


Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 4 : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Econ 119A – Economic Research I


zim://A/A/Secondary%20sources.html

zim://A/A/Citation.html

zim://A/A/Research.html

http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Evaluation.html

http://www.lib.berkeley.edu/TeachingLib/Guides/Evaluation.html

zim://A/A/International%20Encyclopedia%20of%20the%20Social%20&%20Behavioral%20Sciences.html

zim://A/A/International%20Encyclopedia%20of%20the%20Social%20&%20Behavioral%20Sciences.html

2



29. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics __________________

30. Van Herpen, E., Pieters, R. & Zeelenberg, M. (2009),

When Demand Accelerates Demand: Trailing the Bandwagon, Journal of Consumer Psychology, in press __________________.

31. Kiren, R.S. (1997). Medical advances and quality of life. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Omaha State University __________________

32. Forslund, Anders (2011) What active labor market policy works in a recession? Published masteral thesis, Stockholm, Sweden __________________

33. Jeanquart, S., & Peluchette, J. (1997). Diversity in the workforce and management models. Journal of Social Work Studies, 43 (3), 72–85 __________________

34. Yeshwant, M. (1998). Revised thinking on Indian philosophy and religion. In S. Pennathur (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Religion, (pp. 100–107). Bihar, India: Bihar University __________________

35. Bajaj, L.S. (1996, March 13). Practical tips for efficient

work management. Paper presented at the annual meeting of Entrepreneurs, San Jose __________________

36. Inflation in the economy worsens. (2013, July 28).

Philippine Daily Inquirer, p.16 __________________

37. Vandenberghe, C., Bentein, K. and Stinglhamber, F. (2002). Affective commitment to the organization, supervisor and work group: antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Vocational Behavior

__________________

38. Blanchard, Olivier (2006, 4th ed.). Macroeconomics, ch. 7, "Putting All Markets Together: The AS–AD Model," Prentice-Hall __________________

39. Freeman, R.B. (1987). "labour economics", The New

Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 3, pp. 72–76 __________________

40. Blaug, Mark (2007). "The Social Sciences: Economics,"

Microeconomics, The New Encyclopædia Britannica, v. 27, pp. 347–49. Chicago. ISBN 0-85229-423-9 __________________

41. Kendrick, J.; Creamer, D. (1965). Measuring Company

Productivity: A handbook with Case Studies. The National Industry Productivity Board __________________

42. Lipsitz, Lawrence, (Editor); Reisner, Trudi, The Computer

and Education, Englewood Cliffs, NJ : Educational Technology Publications, January 1973. Articles selected from Educational Technology magazine __________________

43. Preston, Rob (May 16, 2011). "Down To Business: Higher Education Is Ripe For Technology Disruption". InformationWeek (UMB): 60. Retrieved 2011-05-31 __________________

44. Christensen, Clayton M. (1997), The innovator's

dilemma: when new technologies cause great firms to fail, Boston, Massachusetts, USA: Harvard Business School Press, ISBN 978-0-87584-585-2 __________________

45. Reyes, Carlos S. (2011) Consumers' preferences for

sustainably-produced fruits and vegetables: the case of organic, local, and small farm. Unpublished masteral thesis, Benguet State University __________________

EXERCISE 4 Provide two internet sources or online references to each of the following economic topics for literature review.

46. Trends in the labor market. ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

47. Cost-Benefit Analysis

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

48. The impact of monopoly

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

49. How are wages determined?

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

50. Investing in a market economy

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

51. Philippine stock market

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

52. Benefits of international trade

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

53. Causes and consequences of inflation

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics

zim://A/A/Olivier%20Blanchard.html

zim://A/A/Richard%20B.%20Freeman.html

zim://A/A/Mark%20Blaug.html

http://books.google.com/books?id=pFzxLUAnSS8C&printsec=frontcover

http://books.google.com/books?id=pFzxLUAnSS8C&printsec=frontcover

http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/careers/229500624

http://www.informationweek.com/news/global-cio/careers/229500624

zim://A/A/InformationWeek.html

zim://A/A/UBM%20plc.html

zim://A/A/Clayton%20M.%20Christensen.html

http://books.google.com/books/about/?id=SIexi_qgq2gC



zim://A/A/Harvard%20Business%20School%20Press.html

zim://A/A/Harvard%20Business%20School%20Press.html

zim://A/A/International%20Standard%20Book%20Number.html

3



54. Local taxes and spending

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

55. Poverty and Income Distribution

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 5 List one local and one foreign literature to the following economic research topics.

56. The role of tourism culture in promoting local employment.

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

57. Social entrepreneurship in the Philippines

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

58. How does job experience relate to entrepreneurship?

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

59. How do habits and routines affect the productivity?

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

60. The impact of oil price changes in the levels of

consumption ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

61. The impact ASEAN integration to Philippine firms

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

62. The economic contributions of small and medium

enterprises (SMEs) ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

63. Factors affecting the self-employment in the Philippines

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

64. The demand for peanut brittle in Baguio City ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

65. Wage determination on clerical workers

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

66. Supply of electric vehicles ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

67. Impact of credit card Incentive packages on consumer borrowing ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

68. Factors that influence hiring decisions for fresh

graduates ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

69. Opportunity cost of college education

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

70. Prices and competition among television manufacturers

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 6 Below are the past economic researches of the PSU AB Economics program. List one local and one foreign related studies for each of these researches.

71. Opportunity Cost of Overseas Filipino Workers in San Fabian Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

72. Sunk Cost Analysis on Selected Business Venture in Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

73. Religious Variables and Its Effect on Individual

Economic Growth

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

4



74. The Demand for Credit by Rice Farmers in Burgos, Pangasinan: Basis for Establishing a Farmer’s Credit Cooperative ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

75. The Effects of Global Financial Crisis to Furniture

Business in Malindong, Binmaley, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

76. The Economic Condition of Philippine Veterans Soldiers

in Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

77. Impact of Reformed Value-Added Tax on Business

Establishment in Poblacion, Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

78. Socio-Economic Assessment of the Malingas Market in

Dagupan City, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

79. Profitability of Water Refilling Stations in Poblacion,

Lingayen, Pangasinan

____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

80. The Buying Preferences of Consumers in the City of

Alaminos ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

81. Status of Extension Activities of the AB Economics

Program in PSU Lingayen ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

82. Production and Marketing of Tupig in Selected Towns of

Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

83. Productivity of Workers in Smoked Fish Industry in

Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

84. Community Participation of Coastal Resource Management in Maniboc, Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

85. Poverty and Its Determinants in Barangay Tonton,

Lingayen, Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

EXERCISE 7 Given the following economic topics, write five (5) headings or themes for the review of related literature that are pertinent to the study.

86. Job Preference of AB Economics Graduates ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

87. The Impact of Selected Determinants on Regional Gross Domestic Products of Pangasinan ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

88. Dagupan's Influence on the Pangasinan Milkfish Market:

A Supply-Side Perspective ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

89. An Economic Analysis of Downsizing and Firm Performance ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________

https://www.econ.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Thesis%20Paper_Lingxiao%20Ou.pdf

https://www.econ.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/Thesis%20Paper_Lingxiao%20Ou.pdf

5

WORKTEXT 4 : Review of Related Literature and Studies Econ 119A – Economic Research I www.jamesonestrada.com

90. The Effectiveness of Economic Policies on the PhilippineEconomy

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

91. Analysis of Salt Production: Farmer vs. Nature

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________92. The Impact and Contributions of Telecommunications on

Philippine Economic Growth.

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

93. Consumer Behavior of AB Economics Students onInternet Utilization

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

94. Elasticity Analysis for Second-Hand Clothing

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

95. The Relationship between Health Expenditure andIncome

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

____________________________________________

EXERCISE 8

Compile a bibliography on any one of the following 10 topics from an economics perspective:

Economics of advertising Economics of climate change Economics of education Economics of healthcare Economics of marriage Economics of milk Economics of movies Economics of real estate Economics of smartphones Economics of tourism

From this bibliography, select 15 references that include books, periodicals, journals, internet sources, etc. Write them using the blanks provided for.

96. ____________________________________________

97. ____________________________________________

98. ____________________________________________

99. ____________________________________________

100.____________________________________________

101.____________________________________________

102.____________________________________________

103.____________________________________________

104.____________________________________________

105.____________________________________________

Based on these 15 articles, write a literature review using different forms of citation.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

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EXERCISE 9 The researcher recently examined, as part of an evaluation study, the extent of preparedness of the AB Economics students in PSU Lingayen on the concept of E-learning. Before evaluating the research, relevant literature pertaining to the use of E-learning was identified and reviewed. Through this review, many themes arose, which became the basis of developing the theoretical framework for the study. Out of all of this, the following themes were selected. Construct the theoretical framework for the evaluation study:

E-learning: what does it all about? Philosophies underpinning community responsiveness. The use and importance of internet Historical development of E-learning in the Philippines

and other countries. Approaches to E-learning services Indicators of success or failure of E-learning Difficulties in implementing E-learning. Attitude of students towards the use of E-learning

A. Construct the theoretical framework for the evaluation study: ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________

B. Illustrate the schematic diagram for the theoretical framework.

1

WORKTEXT 5 : Making a Write Up of Related Literature and Studies Econ 119 – Economic Research I


By working on the economic research topic, provide the write- up of the contents of the review of related literature and related studies (Chapter 2) comprising the following:

Local Literature Foreign Literature Related Local Studies Related Foreign Studies Theoretical Framework Conceptual Framework Paradigm of the Study

ECONOMIC RESEARCH TITLE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the review of local literature of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1


Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 5 : MAKING A WRITE-UP OF REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES Econ 119A – Economic Research I


2



___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3



Write the review of foreign literature of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 2

4



Write the review of related local studies of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 3

5



Write the review of related foreign studies of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 4

6



Write the theoretical framework of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the conceptual framework of your economic research. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 5

EXERCISE 6

7



Illustrate the paradigm of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 7

1

WORKTEXT 6 : Economic Research Design Econ 119A – Economic Research I


EXERCISE 1 Modified True or False. Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, underline the word or phrase to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the blank provided after the question.

1. A research methodology is a plan, structure and strategy of investigation so conceived as to obtain answers to research questions or problems. _____________

2. A research design is a procedural plan that is adopted by the researcher to answer questions validly, objectively, accurately and economically. ____________

3. If the focus of a researcher is to measure the magnitude of the variation, the qualitative designs are more appropriate. ____________

4. Cross-sectional studies are the most commonly used research design in the social sciences. ____________

5. Longitudinal study design is the most appropriate design for measuring the impact or effectiveness of a programme. ____________

6. Prospective studies investigate a phenomenon, situation,

problem or issue that has happened in the past. ____________

7. The object of explanatory research is to portray an

accurate profile of persons, events or situations. ____________

8. Studies that establish causal relationships between

variables may be termed exploratory research. ____________

9. The nature of investigation refers to the level of

aggregation of the data collected during the subsequent data analysis stage. ____________

10. If the researcher is interested in studying two-person interactions, then triad will become the unit of analysis. ____________

11. If a relationship is studied in the first way, starting from the cause to establish the effects, it is classified as a non- experimental study. ____________

12. Longitudinal studies take more time and effort and cost more than cross-sectional studies. ____________

13. A study in which the researcher wants to delineate the cause of one or more problems is called a causal study. ____________

14. When the researcher is interested in delineating the important variables associated with the problem, the study is called a case study. ____________

15. Studies that engage in hypothesis testing usually

explain the nature of certain relationships and the independence of two or more factors in a situation. ____________

EXERCISE 2 Classification. Determine whether the following research design is most likely qualitative or quantitative study design. Write QL for qualitative research design and QN for quantitative research design.

16. Action research ___________

17. Cohort studies ___________

18. Case study ___________

19. Participant observation ___________

20. Control group design ___________

21. Holistic research ___________

22. Experimental design ___________

23. Feminist research ___________

24. Participatory design ___________

25. Cross-sectional study design ___________

26. Placebo design ___________

27. Retrospective study design ___________

28. Prospective study design ___________

29. Longitudinal study design ___________

30. Cross-over comparative experimental design ___________


Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 6 : ECONOMIC RESEARCH DESIGN Econ 119A – Economic Research I


Worktext%201_Intro%20to%20Economic%20Research.pdf

Worktext%201_Intro%20to%20Economic%20Research.pdf

2



EXERCISE 3 Classification. Determine the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the purpose of the study. Write ER for exploratory study, DE for descriptive study and EN for explanatory study.

31. A women's volunteer organization wishes to know the significant factors that influence the advancement of women in some organizations in the Philippines. ___________

32. An MBA student interviewed managers to explore the nature of their managerial work. Based on the analysis of his interview data, he formulated theories of managerial roles, the nature and types of managerial activities, and so on. ___________

33. A survey wants to measure the quality of life of selected

households due to increase in Philippine GDP. Standard indicators of the quality of life include wealth and employment, built environment, physical and mental health, education, recreation and leisure time, and social belonging. ___________

34. A labor union wants to understand the concept of “quality work life”. After extensive interviews with various groups of workers, it was contemplated to encompass such factors as enriched jobs, healthy work environment, stress-free work relationships, job satisfaction, work role involvement, and other work-related factors. ___________

35. A firm manufacturing toiletries desires to obtain a thorough understanding of what it is that arouses emotive appeal for the product and induces people to buy toiletries. ___________

36. A supervisor wants to learn about the characteristics of a group of employees comprising the age, sex, educational level, civil status, job status, job level position, length of service and reason/s for accepting the job. __________

37. A student wants to know the profile of student leaders in

a university in terms of course, the percentage of who are in their senior and junior years, sex composition, age groupings, number of semesters left until graduation. ___________

38. A business owner wants to know the various sales

promotions practiced by franchise business competitors. ___________

39. An engineer needs to know the problems encountered by construction workers in a construction firm. ___________

40. A farm manager analyzes the significant relationship

between the utilization of old and new agricultural machineries on the crop yield of a vegetable farm. ___________

41. A bank manager wants to have a profile of the individuals

who have loan payments outstanding for four months and more. ___________

42. The manager of a corporation is curious to know if the

work ethic values of employees working in its subsidiary in Cebu in are different from those working in Manila. ___________

43. A farmers needs to investigate the relationship between

the number of acre planted of sweet corn and the total tons of sweet corn produced. ___________

44. A manufacturer of floor polish conducts a consumer-preference experiment to determine which of five different floor polishes was the most appealing in appearance. ___________

45. A university is comparing the total repair costs incurred

during the first three years on school infrastructure and facilities. ___________

EXERCISE 4 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the number of contacts with the study population. Write C for cross-sectional studies, B for before-and-after studies and L for longitudinal studies.

46. The consumer satisfaction of people consuming electricity or power service _____________

47. The extent of unemployment in a city _____________

48. The quality assurance provided by an organization _____________

49. The relationship between the commuting time and the

academic performance of a college student _____________

50. The relationship between expenditure on customer care training for sales assistants and sales revenue.

51. The attitude of the study population towards mining

operations in a province _____________

52. The consumer acceptance of NFA rice _____________

53. The reasons for travelling among local tourists _____________

54. The socio-economic-demographic characteristics of immigrants in the Philippines _____________

55. The effect of an advertisement on the sale of new product. _____________

56. The impact of increased funding on the quality of teaching in universities. _____________

57. The socio-economic impact of incentives on the

productivity of employees in a company _____________

58. The effect and effectiveness of cash transfer program by the government _____________

3



59. The incidence of poverty for the last five years in a country. _____________

60. The faculty employees' behavior before and after a change in the top management in a university. _____________

EXERCISE 5 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the reference period with the study population. Write RE for retrospective study, PR for prospective study and RP for retrospective–prospective study.

61. To determine the living conditions of people in Pangasinan in the early twentieth century _____________

62. To find out the utilization of land of agrarian reform beneficiaries before the current administration _____________

63. To establish a historical analysis of economic reforms in the Philippines between 1987 and 2014 _____________

64. To analyze the relationship between levels of unemployment and street crime in Metro Manila _____________

65. To determine, under field conditions, the impact of maternal and child health services on the level of infant mortality _____________

66. To establish the effects of a counselling service on the extent of marital problems _____________

67. To determine the effects of child subsidies and pensions on fertility.

68. To find out the effect of involvement of friends on the level

of academic achievement of high school students _____________

69. To measure the effects of a change in migration policy on the extent of immigration in the Philippines _____________

70. To determine the impact of wage increase on the productivity of employees of an organization _____________

71. To identify the impact of maternal and child health services on the infant mortality rate _____________

72. To know the impact of political ads on the voting results of candidates in a senatorial election _____________

73. To measure the extent of impact on the academic performance of college students using Basic Economics coursebook _____________

74. To determine the factors affecting the agricultural loan decision-making process of rural banks. _____________

75. To realize the role of social interaction among consumers in the dissemination of trends _____________

EXERCISE 6

Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on unit of analysis.

76. The attitudes of different employee groups to be

compared for differences by personal profile variables _____________

77. The sexual relationship of live-in partners _____________

78. The profitability of Procter & Gamble wants to see which

of its various divisions (soap, paper, oil, etc.) have made profits of over 12% during the current _____________

79. The proportion of the workforce employed by the health

care, utilities, transportation, and manufacturing industries _____________

80. Determinants affecting the GDP of Asian countries

_____________

81. Analysis of husband–wife interactions in families _____________

82. An analysis of the gender composition of executive

boards affecting corporate profits _____________

83. The agricultural stakeholders involved in marketing potatoes _____________

84. The extent of seriousness of the problems on customer

service faced by fast food chains_____________

85. The supervisor–subordinate relationship in the workplace _____________

86. The performance evaluation of faculty members in

different departments in a university _____________

87. The spending patterns of selected cities on infrastructure programs _____________

88. The buying behavior of consumers purchasing at retail

stores _____________

89. The cultural differences among nations _____________

90. The pricing, sales, distribution, and advertising strategy for fresh tuna of a canning company _____________

EXERCISE 7 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the nature of the investigation. Write E for experimental, N for non-experimental and S for semi-experimental.

91. A economist conducts an study by analyzing the determinants affecting the GDP of Asian countries. _____________

92. An employment survey specialist wants to see the proportion of the workforce employed by the health care, utilities, transportation and manufacturing industries. _____________

4



93. An agriculturist conducts the value chain analysis of

mangoes in a province. _____________

94. A healthcare professional finds out the usefulness of a drug such as azidothymidine (AZT) in treating people who are HIV-positive. _____________

95. A human resource manager analyses statistically allowed the attitudes of different employee groups to be compared for differences by age, gender, length of service, occupation and grade groupings. _____________

96. A CEO is interested to have a description of organizations in her industry that follow the FIFO system. _____________

97. An economic researcher is tasked to identify and analyze the various market failures in the Philippines. _____________

98. A manager of a massage parlor conducts a field

investigation on the effect of sexual arousal on decision-making. _____________

99. A stockholder would like to investigate the behavior of the Philippine stock market for the past two years. _____________

100. A school administrator analyzes the effect of tuition fee increase on enrolment among private and public universities in Pangasinan. _____________

101. A Chinese astrologer is studying the dragon year superstition in the Philippines. _____________

102. A real estate manager determines the effects of

government intervention on private residential housing in Metro Manila. _____________

103. A farm manager estimates the price elasticity of demand for onions in two periods – before and after the introduction of mechanical harvesters. _____________

104. A COMELEC officer, using election data, makes a study of the various factors influencing voting behavior.

105. An environmentalist studies the relationship between infant mortality and environmental mental conditions in a city.

EXERCISE 8 Classification. Identify the research design to be used in each of these cases based on the type of investigation. Write CA for causal study design and CO for correlational study design.

106. The smoking, drinking, and chewing tobacco are associated with lung cancer.

107. Increases in interest rates and property taxes slowed down the business of real estate agents in Metro Manila.

108. An Increase in consumer demand, a rebound in exports and investments, and election-related spending increased the Philippine GDP by 7.6% in 2010.

109. Fears of accidental death and dismemberment are instrumental in an unprecedented number of professionals in taking out a life insurance policy.

110. Supply of money in the economy causes inflation.

111. Structural unemployment occurs when a labour market

is unable to provide jobs for everyone who wants one because there is a mismatch between the skills of the unemployed workers and the skills needed for the available jobs.

112. Why some people seem to derive joy from work and get energized by it, while others find it troublesome and frustrating?

113. House price is to be blamed for the declining fertility in

a country. 114. Rainfall amount may affect the futures price of some

agricultural commodity.

115. Remittances affect the work and education outcomes of children.

EXERCISE 9 Below are two scenarios. Indicate how the researcher should proceed in each case by determining the following. A. The CEO and owner of JNE Supermart, a grocery store offering a wide variety of food and household merchandise, has hired a business consultant to tell her how her business is different from similar grocery businesses in Pangasinan with respect to availability of good items, shelf space, use of modern check-out machines, in-store displays of products, number of store personnel and workers, services offered, sales promotion and advertisement, sales volume, profit margin and so on.

116. Purpose of the study

117. Number of Contacts

118. Reference period

119. Type and nature of investigation

120. Unit of analysis B. The President of a state university is interested to know the level of satisfaction of students and faculty members on the impact of school policies implemented for the past two years. He asks the office of the VP for academic research to help him on conducting a study on this.

zim://A/A/Self%20checkout.html

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125. Unit of analysis C. A student researcher is fascinated to know the extent of awareness and utilization on the use of statistical and mathematical mobile apps (Android and IOS) of students taking up AB Economics in a university.





130. Unit of analysis

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WORKTEXT 9 : Statistical Treatment of Data Econ 119A – Economic Research I


Statistics

One-tailed test

Cumulative frequencyAnalysis of variance

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

Statistical inference

Standard deviation

Goodness of fit testNull hypothesis

Mode

Normal probability distribution

Type I error

Frequency distribution

Correlation coefficient

Descriptive statistics

Weighted mean

Range

Skewness

Variance

Regression

Alternative hypothesis

Median

Chi-squared test

Coefficient of determinationLevel of significance

Percentile

Mean

Multiple linear regressionSimple liner regression

Type II error

EXERCISE 1 Identification. Match the following statements to the items inside

the box below. Write your answer on the blank provided for.

1. The art and science of collecting, analyzing, presenting, and interpreting data _________________

2. The tabular, graphical, and numerical summaries of data. _________________

3. The process of using data obtained from a sample to make estimates or test hypotheses about the characteristics of a population. _________________

4. A tabular summary of data showing the number (frequency) of items in each of several nonoverlapping classes. _________________

5. The mean obtained by assigning each observation a weight that reflects its importance. _________________

6. A measure of central location computed by summing the data values and dividing by the number of observations. _________________

7. A measure of central location provided by the value in the middle when the data are arranged in ascending order. _________________

8. A measure of location, defined as the value that occurs with greatest frequency. _________________

9. A measure of variability, defined to be the largest value minus the smallest value. _________________

10. A measure of variability computed by taking the positive square root of the variance. _________________

11. A measure of variability based on the squared deviations of the data values about the mean. _________________

12. A measure of the shape of a data distribution. _________________

13. A continuous probability distribution in which probability density function is bell-shaped and determined by its mean μ and standard deviation σ. _________________

14. A statistical test conducted to determine whether to reject a hypothesized probability distribution for a population. _________________

15. The hypothesis tentatively assumed true in the hypothesis testing procedure. _________________

16. The hypothesis concluded to be true if the null hypothesis is rejected. _________________

17. The probability of making a Type I error when the null hypothesis is true as an equality. _________________

18. A hypothesis test in which rejection of the null hypothesis occurs for values of the test statistic in one tail of its sampling distribution. _________________

19. The error of rejecting 𝐻0 when it is true.

_________________

20. The statistical technique for finding the best-fitting straight line for a set of data. _________________

21. A measure of linear association between two variables that takes on values between +1 and −1.

22. A regression model with one dependent and one independent variable that assumes a straight-line relationship. _________________

23. Any statistical hypothesis test in which the sampling distribution of the test statistic is a chi-squared distribution. _________________

24. A measure of the strength of linear dependence (correlation) between two variables. _______________

25. A collection of statistical models, and their associated procedures, in which the observed variance in a particular variable is partitioned into components attributable to different sources of variation. _______________

Republic of the Philippines

Pangasinan State University

Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 9 : STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA Econ 119A – Economic Research I

NAME: _______________________________________ SCORE: ___________________________________

YEAR AND COURSE: ___________________________ DATE: ____________________________________

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EXERCISE 2

Classification. Indicate whether the following applies to

descriptive statistics or inferential statistics and identify the statistical tool used in each case. .

26. The average credit card debt per household over the 10-year period from 2004 to 2014 __________

27. The cumulative relative frequency distribution for the monthly sales incentives of sales promoters __________

28. The probability that a person selected at random from 100 job applicants is an economics graduate. _________

29. The median amount Filipino households spend for daily transportation for 30 days. __________

30. The predictive regression equation of the prices of lobster on the demand for prawns __________

31. Median weekly earnings of workers in the union sector of shoe industry __________

32. The standard deviation of the value of the 10 most active stocks on the Philippine Stock Exchange on June 18, 2015 __________

33. A one-way ANOVA to test the claim that the mean production rate is not the same for all six days of the week __________

34. The mode of earnings per share received by stockholders for the 50 largest Philippine corporations. __________

35. The weighted mean of nine purchases of fertilizers of a certain farm over the past six months. __________

36. The the null and alternative hypotheses for testing the difference in the mean price of single-family homes in two cities __________

37. The test at the 1% significance level by p-value approach to conclude that the company’s claim is true __________

38. The bar graph of the gender and age distribution for the people of a city. __________

39. The sample variances of prices of new condominiums developed by real estate firms.

40. The linear correlation between the number of television commercials broadcast by a company and the sale of its product __________

41. The test at the 2% significance level by p-value approach to conclude that the company’s claim is true __________

42. The strong empirical relationship between the size of a country’s economy and the volume of its exports and imports. __________

43. The average economic growth rates of a country from 2007 to 2014 __________

44. The percentage of the high-end smartphones sold last month which includes the three new models __________

45. The chi-square statistic test to determine whether the device preference of students is the same in all five courses __________

EXERCISE 3

Determine three statistical tools/techniques that should be used in each of the following research cases.

46. The tourism office of Lingayen conducts a survey of local and foreign tourists in order to determine the best places to visit or stay throughout Pangasinan. _____________

47. A restaurant uses a questionnaire to ask customers how they rate the server, food quality, cocktails, prices, and atmosphere at the restaurant. _____________

48. An airline company wishes to investigate its assumption that two-thirds of business travelers use a laptop computer on overnight business trips. _____________

49. An alumni association conducted a study and one

finding was that alumni spend an average of P2,800 per week eating out socially. _____________

50. MMDA is determining the relationship between air pollution and annual death rates for a sample of 10 cities in Metro Manila. _____________

51. A teacher wants to find out whether education level

(elementary, high school graduate, college graduate, advanced degree) is related to the type of transaction most likely to be conducted using the Internet (shopping, banking, travel reservations, auctions). _____________

52. A researcher from a bookstore company wants to know

if retail sales/sq. ft. is related to serving coffee or snacks on the premises. He examines a database of 10,000 independently owned bookstores testing whether retail sales (dollars/sq. ft.) is related to whether or not the store has a coffee bar. _____________

53. The academic research office at a college wants to see

whether the distribution of courses chosen (Humanities, Social Sciences, or Natural Sciences) is different for its residential and nonresidential students. _____________

54. A large university wants to compare the performance of

male and female undergraduates on a standardized reading test, but can only afford to do this on a sample basis. _____________

55. A city manager wants to know the average income of the 25,000 families living in his town. _____________

56. A political analyst investigates if the place of residence

is related to party affiliation. _____________

57. A campus survey asked a random sample of students whether they lived in a dormitory, in off-campus housing, or at home. _____________

58. The NCSO wants to find out the relationship between

unemployment rate and inflation rate for the years 2010 – 2014. _____________

59. A stock analyst wants to estimate any gender difference

in how much the stockholders invest in the stock market. _____________

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60. The university wants to know whether their required

programs in ethical decision-making and service learning change student perceptions. _____________

61. A student researcher surveys the students on their perception of ethical and community service issues both in their first year and fourth year at a university. _____________

62. A marketing analyst investigates the business practices

of 50 companies and wishes to analyze the differences across industries. _____________

63. A bank researcher took a sample of 888 cardholders from

a particular market segment and the amount they charged on their credit card in both December 2013 and December 2014 and wanted to test whether the mean difference in spending is the same between the two periods. _____________

64. A marketing firm would like to determine whether the number of television commercials broadcast is linearly correlated with the sales of its product. _____________

65. A telecom company wishes to determine if people with higher incomes will likely avail high-speed internet broadband access, which will lead to spending more time online. _____________

EXERCISE 4

Determine the appropriate statistical tool/s to be used in each of the following research questions. A. Expenditure Analysis of Tourists in Lingayen, Pangasinan

1. What is the is the socio-economic profile of the tourist respondents in terms of the following: A. Socio-Demographic Variables

a. Age _______________ b. Sex _______________ c. Marital Status ________________ d. Educational Level ________________ e. Nationality ________________ f. Place of Residence ________________ g. Religion ________________ h. Occupation ________________ i. Size and Composition of the Household

B. Travel-related Variables a. Purpose of Travel ________________ b. Package Travel ________________ c. Independent/Group Travel ________________ d. Month/Season of Travel ________________ e. Length of Stay ________________

2. What is the itemized income of the tourists for 2014 with

regards to: a. Wages and salaries ________________ b. Entrepreneurial Activities ________________ c. Net Investment Income ________________

3. What is the itemized expenditure of the tourists/travelers for 2014 with regards to:

a. Food and Drinks ________________ b. Hotel and Accommodation ________________ c. Clothing ________________ d. Transport ________________ e. Health Kit / Medicines ________________ f. Recreation, Culture and Sporting Activities

________________ g. Souvenir Items/Pasalubong _______________

4. Is there a significant relationship between the income of

tourists and their travel expenditure? ________________

5. Is there a significant difference between travelling expenditures of tourists and their profile variables? ________________

6. What are the problems encountered by tourists/travelers in Lingayen, Pangasinan? ________________

1

WORKTEXT 10 : Making a Write-up of Research Methodology Econ 127 – Real Estate Economics


Based on economic research problem, provide the write- up of the contents of the research methodology (Chapter 3) comprising the following:

Research Design Population and Sample Sampling Technique Data Gathering Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Treatment of Data

ECONOMIC RESEARCH TITLE: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the research design of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 1


Lingayen Campus

WORKTEXT 10 : MAKING A WRITE-UP OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Econ 119A – Economic Research I


2



Write the population and sample of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the sampling technique of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

3



Write the data gathering instrument of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Write the data gathering procedure of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 5

4



Write the statistical treatment of data of your study. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISE 6

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ECONOMIC RESEARCH WORKTEXT