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Diego Paredes C.
Augusto Ramirez L.
N° of compulsory years of education
14 years
.
Organization and structure of schools
Education in the United States follows a pattern similar to that in many systems.
Curriculum focus.
Public school curriculum, funding, teaching, employment, and other policies are set through locally elected school boards, who have jurisdiction over individual school districts. State governments set educational standards and standardized tests for public school systems.
Private schools are generally free to determine their own curriculum and staffing policies.
Educational funding
Public education is universally available, with control and funding coming from the state, local, and federal government.
Higher education
Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education, often at one of the 4,495 colleges or universities and junior colleges in the country.
Teacher education
Public school teachers working anywhere in the United States must have at least a bachelor's degree.
Private school teachers often need one as well. It usually takes four years to earn a bachelor's degree.
N° of compulsory years of education
12-13 years
Organization and structure of schools
The German preschool is known as a Kindergarten. Children between the ages of 2 and 6 attend Kindergärten, which are not part of the school system.
Primary education State schools do not charge tuition fees. The majority of pupils attend state schools in their neighbourhood. Schools in affluent areas tend to be better than those in deprived areas.
Secondary education
After children have completed their primary there are five options for secondary schooling:
Gymnasium
Fachoberschule
Realschule
Mittelschule
Gesamtschule
Curriculum focus.
Every state has its own school system.
There are about 12 compulsory subjects.
A few afternoon activities are offered at some German schools – mainly choir or orchestra, sometimes sports, theater or languages.
Other common extracurricular activities are organized as private clubs.
Educational funding
In Germany, education is the responsibility of the states (Länder) and part of their constitutional sovereignty (Kulturhoheit der Länder). Teachers are employed by the Ministry of Education for the state and usually have a job for life after a certain period (verbeamtet) This practice depends on the state and is currently changing.
Higher education
Germany's universities are recognized internationally.
Most of the German universities are public institutions, charging tuition fees of only around €60 per semester for each student.[
Most German universities focus more on teaching than on research. Research is mostly exhibited in independent institutes.
Teacher education
Teaching practice (Referendariat) (2 years)
Students acquire practical teaching skills in their subjects under the supervision of a senior teacher.
Students take courses in general pedagogy and subject-specific pedagogy and are examined at the end of the 2 years.
Fully qualified teachers work in schools and traditionally have civil servant status
Other important factors
Homeschooling is illegal in Germany, so some families have sought asylum abroad in order to home-school their children.
N° of compulsory years of education
6-year elementary schools
3-year lower secondary schools and 3-year upper secondary schools are compulsory for Japanese children.
Organization and structure of schools
Elementary and secondary portion is organized along the lines of the common American 6-3-3 model.
6-year elementary schools (shogakko),
3-year lower secondary schools corresponding to junior high school in the United States,
3-year upper secondary schools corresponding to senior high in the United States,
4-year colleges and universities (daigaku), many of which also have graduate programs,
Curriculum focus.
The elementary school curriculum covers Japanese, social studies, mathematics, science, music, arts and handicrafts, homemaking and physical education.
High schools adopt highly divergent high school curriculum, the content may contain general or highly specialized subjects depending on the different types of high schools.
Educational funding.
Schools receive enrollment support funds that they apply to the cost of their students’ tuition which equals about $100 a month, per student. However, if these funds are not sufficient, the students must make up the difference. If students come from a low-income household, the government provides further subsidies of up to $200 a month.
Higher education.
Higher education in the United States is an optional final stage of formal learning following secondary education, often at one of the 4,495 colleges or universities and junior colleges in the country.
At the top of the higher education structure, these institutions provide a four-year training leading to a bachelor's degree, and some offer six-year programs leading to a professional degree.
Teacher education
Japanese teachers are an essential element. They are expected to infuse cultural values throughout school activities and to be concerned about students' lives both in and out of school. Their efforts and influence often extend into the home and the community.
N° of compulsory years of education
School attendance is compulsory from ages 6 to 15 or 16 (end of basic secondary education).
Organization and structure of schools
Primary: Escuela primaria from 6 to 11 year old.
Technical/vocational studies are provided in Institutossuperior politécnicos. Studies last for two-and-a-half to three years.
University level second stage: Diplomado, Maestría, Especialista.
The second stage corresponds to a period of in-depth study and research which leads to the Maestría after two years.
Curriculum focus.
The curriculum in primary and secondary schools is based upon principles of "hard work, self-discipline and love of country”. The primary-school curriculum includes dance and gardening, lessons on health and hygiene, and Cuban revolutionary history.
Educational funding.
Education expenditures continue to receive high priority, as Cuba spends 10 percent of its central budget on education, compared with 4 percent in the United Kingdom and just 2 percent in the United States, according to UNESCO.
Higher education.
Higher education is provided by universities, higher institutes, higher pedagogical institutes, centres of higher education and higher polytechnic institutes. Cuba has 47 universities and total university enrollment is approximately 112,000 citizens.
To enter university, students must pass an entry examination to show they possess the basic knowledge required.
Teacher education
A five-year course is provided for pre-primary and primary/basic school teachers at the InstitutosSuperiores Pedagógicos. They obtain the "Licenciadoen Educación Primaria" (Certificate in Primary Education) or other types of degrees. Admission to these courses is based on the Bachillerato.
Other factors.
Strong ideological content is present, with the constitution stating that educational and cultural policy is based on Marxist ideology.
Reflection:
Germany has the best educational system.
1. The education is completely free and compulsory.
2.English is compulsory.
3. At the end of high school, students has already leant 3 different languages.
4.The majority of the teacher s are public workers. That have many benefits.
5.Parents are involved in many of the opinions and decisions at school.
