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Malaysia is a Southeast Asian country located on strategic sea-lane that exposes it to global trade and foreign culture. Hinduism from  India and Buddhism from China dominated early regional history, reaching their peak during the reign of the Sumatra-based Srivijaya civilisation, whose influence extended through Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula and much of Borneo from the 7th to the 14th centuries.

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The Malay Peninsula was known to ancient Indians as Suvarnadvipa or the "Golden Peninsula". It was shown on Ptolemy's map as the "Golden Khersonese“.

Hinduism and Buddhism were introduced to the Malayans by Indians, who came here around 100 BC.

In the 15th century, Malacca, is the initial name of Malaysia.

Malaysia got its name in the year 1963 after the fusion of Singapore, Sarawak and Sabah into a federal union.

Malaysia finally gained independence from British rule in the year 1957.

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Land - The total land area of Malaysia is 329,847 km², the 66th largest country in the world in terms of area.

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Mountain ranges - The highest mountain range in Malaysia is the Crocker Range in Sabah. This range houses Mount Kinabalu, the highest mountain in the country

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Type of government:

• Federal Constitutional Monarchy:

Prime minister (head of government)

And

Yang di-Pertuan Agong (head of the state)

(literally, "He who is made Supreme Lord" but usually "Supreme Head" or "Paramount Ruler")

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Abdul Rahman (first prime minister)

Datok Sri Mohd Najib Tun Razak(Latest prime minister)

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Currency system - Malaysian Ringgit

BILL COINS

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native language

Malay (Bahasa Malaysia)

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known as the Jalur Gemilang (Malay for "Stripes of Glory")

• The 14 stripes = the equal status in the federation of the 13 member states and the federal government

• 14 points of the star = the unity between these entities.

• The crescent = Islam

• blue canton = the unity of the Malaysian people

• yellow of the star and crescent = the royal color of the Malay rulers.

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NATURAL AND MAN-MADE WONDERS OF MALAYSIA

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Cameron Highlands

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Gunung Mulu National Park

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Kota Kinabalu

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Penang

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Pulau Langkawi

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Tioman island

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Dayabumi complex

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Parliament house

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PETRONAS twin towers

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Sri Mahamariamantemple

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Sultan Abdul Samad building

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Masjid Negara

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Education in Malaysia

Education in Malaysia is overseen by two government ministries. The Ministry of Education handles matters about pre-school, primary school, secondary school and post-secondary school. Matters regarding tertiary education are dealt with by the Ministry of Higher Education . Each state has an Education Department to coordinate educational matters in its territory.

In 1957, all existing primary schools were

converted to national type-schools. The national language was made a compulsory subject in these national-type schools.

English and Chinese secondary schools were converted to national-type secondary schools. Such schools became fully assisted schools.

1958 is the beginning of Malay medium secondary education. Malay medium secondary classes were started as an annex in English secondary schools. These classes eventually developed into national secondary schools.

A comprehensive education system of the lower secondary education was introduced in 1965. Technical and vocational education was given an impetus with the establishment of the Technical and Vocational Education Division in 1964.

Educational Development 1970-1980

Social and economic issues shaped the development of education from the seventies to the 1990.

The medium of instruction was converted in stages beginning in 1970 and by 1983 it became the medium of instruction at the tertiary level. Today Bahasa Melayu is the medium of instruction in all national schools and it is compulsory subject in Chinese and Tamil Schools. English is taught as a second language.

Educational Development 1990-2000

Vision 2020 initiated in the early 1990s may be perceived as Malaysia ‘s first step into the Information Age and a globalize world.

The last decade of the twentieth century has witnessed qualitative developments in primary, secondary and tertiary education

The launching of a training program for school heads and the setting up of a university for teachers, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris in 1997. The diploma level pre-service teacher training program was introduced. Another development is the introduction of the Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) and Sijil Tinggi Pelajaran Malaysia(STPM) Open Certification examinations.

1. Preschool education

Usually lasts for 2 years, before they proceed to primary school at age 7.

Types of School In Modern Era

2. Primary Education

Primary education in Malaysia begins at age seven and lasts for six years, referred to as Year 1 to 6.

Before progressing to secondary education, Year 6 pupils sit for the Primary School Achievement Test.

3. Secondary Education

Secondary education lasts for five years, referred to as Form 1 to 5.

Students sit for common public examinations at the end of lower secondary and upper secondary levels.

4. Post-secondary Education

Upon completion of secondary education, students can opt to pursue 1 to 2 years of post-secondary education. This is the university entrance preparatory course.

5. Tertiary Education

Tertiary education providers consist

of two major groups : Public

(government-funded) institutions

of higher learning, and Private

(private-funded) higher

educational institutions (PHEIs).

CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT IN MALAYSIA

The Education Act 1996 (Act 550, Laws of Malaysia) provides the fundamental basis for curriculum policies in Malaysia. It indicates the specific laws and provisions that give direction to curriculum documents. These regulations are mandatory for all schools. The school curriculum is expected to contribute to the holistic development of the individual (mental, emotional, physical, spiritual) by imparting general knowledge and skills, fostering healthy attitudes and instilling accepted moral values. The aim is to produce Malaysian citizens who are balanced, trained, skilful and cherish the national aspiration for unity.

Malaysia’s system of curriculum development is centralized. The Ministry of Education through its central agency, namely the Curriculum Development Centre (CDC), is responsible for initiating curriculum development. The CDC is responsible for the development of the pre-school, primary school and secondary school curriculum.

In the implementation of the curriculum, however, various committees have been set up in the Ministry of Education, State Education Departments, Divisions/District Education Offices and schools

Planning, and conceptualization occur in the country’s agency. The curriculum emphasizes the mastery of reading, writing, and math skills. The development of desirable values among children is emphasized through Islamic religious education for Muslims and moral education for the non-Muslims. This feature is considered important in helping pupils develop desirable social behaviors and loyalty to the nation.

What about teaching and learning strategies in those curriculum ?

Curricular innovations in Malaysia have called for improvements and even radical departure from the traditional teaching method used. In Malaysia, traditional lectures and question-and-answer methods are still dominant. Teachers have been encouraged to use inquiry-discovery approaches to learning where pupils have more control or group work that require pupils to be more active in learning. There is a strange revealed secret that teachers have to prepare their pupils to obtain good grades in public examinations with an overloaded curriculum made. However, Malaysia in the past few years has appropriated 15-20 % of its national budget to education field, which was very good.

Public universities in Malaysia are funded by the Government and are governed as self-managed institutions. Apart from the University of Malaya and the MARA University of Technology which were established by two separate enabling Acts of Parliament,[3][4] the other public universities in Malaysia were created by executive order as per the provisions of the Universities and University Colleges Act 1971. Until recently, the Ministry of Higher Education was responsible for seven institutions bearing the title "University College". These have since been upgraded to full universities and there are currently no public university colleges.

Polytechnics in Malaysia provide courses for bachelor's degree, Advanced Diploma, Diploma and Special Skills Certificate.

The establishment of private universities and university colleges were made possible with the passage of the Private Higher Educational Institutions Act 1996. Prior to that, private institutions of higher learning existed but were not authorised to confer their own degrees. Instead, they acted as preparatory institutions for students to undertake courses of instructions in preparation for externally conferred degrees.

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UNIVERSITIES

Universiti Malaya (UM) -a public research university based in

Malaysia’s federal capital and largest city, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia’s oldest university, Universiti Malaya was established in 1949, based on a merger of several existing colleges in neighboring Singapore.

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Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia ranked 57th in the 2013 QS University

Rankings: Asia, and 269= in the 2013/14 QS World University Rankings. Having been established only in 1970, UKM also features in the QS Top 50 Under 50 – a ranking of the world’s top 50 universities under 50 years old.

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Universitii Sains Malaysia (USM),

ranked 61st in Asia and 355= in the world. Once again a public research university covering a broad subject spectrum, Universiti Sains Malaysia has its main campus in Georgetown on the island of Penang, with two additional campuses focusing on engineering and healthcare on the western and eastern sides of the Peninsular Malaysia mainland.

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Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

places 68th in the latest QS University Rankings: Asia and 355= in the 2013/14 QS World University Rankings. It’s ranked 7th in Asia for its percentage of international students, boasting Malaysia’s strongest score on this indicator.

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Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)Ranked 72nd in Asia and 411-420 in the world, is another public research university, located in the town of Serdang just to the south of Kuala Lumpur. Originally founded as an agricultural college, Universiti Putra Malaysia maintains a strong focus on research and teaching in the fields of agriculture and forestry, but has expanded to become a comprehensive university offering courses across all subject areas.

Audiographic Teleconferencing: Voice communication supplemeted with the transmission of still images.

Distance Education (DE): DE takes place when a content provider and a learner separated by physical distance.

Internet: The worldwide network of all computers using “transfer control protocol/Internet protocol” (TCP/IP), generally considered the combination of all computer-based communications activity (e.g., e-mail, World Wide Web).

Measat-1: First EastAsia Satellite. New generation satellite for direct users’ service by television users in homes as well as institutions.

Multimedia Learning System: where content is delivered digitally using text, graphics, animation, sound and video.

Multimedia Super Corridor: Malaysia Govenment’s Information Technology Infrastructure plan.

Videoconferencing: Electronic techniques that are used to allow three or more people at two or more or more locations to communicate.

Virtual Online Instructional Support System (VOISS): which is the course management system for students and instructors.

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Educational Technology

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