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Effectiveness of Bazaar Monitoring: A Study on Kitchen Markets of Dhaka South City Corporation Md. Masum 2014 Bachelor in Public Administration Department of Public Administration University of Dhaka

Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

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Page 1: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

Effectiveness of Bazaar Monitoring A Study on Kitchen Markets of

Dhaka South City Corporation

Md Masum

2014

Bachelor in Public Administration

Department of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

1

Course PA-423 Applied Research in Public Administration

Research Group 09

Submitted to

Salahuddin M Aminuzzaman

Professor

Department of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Submitted by

Md Masum

Roll (SM- 41)

Group 09

5th

Batch 8th

semester

Department of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Submission 04 January 2015

2

Abstract

It is found that such kind of work regarding the market monitoring performance of Dhaka South

City Corporation is not found The main objective of this research is to identify what is customer‟s

perception amp experience while doing shopping in DSCC kitchen market with a view to looking the

conformity with world standard monitoring system and seeking the areas DSCC market monitoring

standing committee should concentrate on In case of literary review CAB‟s consumers right

perspective city corporation act will be taken into account to analyze collected data All data will be

collected from both primary and secondary source includes books journals internet etc Market

monitoring system was measured with some sort of independent variables eg public awareness

price chart existence punishment extent frequency of monitoring etc To extract information from

respondent less structured questionnaire was used The result of this work shows that CMA amp ARB

models are not operational in DSCC at large extent Most of the market regulatory activities are

conveyed by other entities like TCB amp district magistrate So this paper has given quick snapshot

illustrating factors for a sound market monitoring system

3

Contents

Table of Contents

SL No Topic Page No

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background of the Study

08

12 Problem statement

09

13 Significance of the study

09

14 Objectives

10

15 Research Questions

10

16 Hypothesis

10

17 Limitation

10

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

12

22 Conceptual Framework

13-14

23 Theoretical framework

14

24 Analytical Framework

14-15

4

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

31 Research Design

16

32 Sampling Method

16

33 Data Collection Instrument

16

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

17

35 Data Analysis Plan

17-18

Chapter 4

Overview on DSCC and other related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

19

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

19-20

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

21-22

44 marketing channels

23

Chapter 5

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

5

24

5

52 Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents

522 Gender Distribution of respondents

523 Profession of respondents

5

5 53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

532 Frequency of monitoring

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumer‟s

perception

24-25

27-39

Chapter 6

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumers‟ perception DSCC kitchen market

monitoring

40

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic

variables

40

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

40

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

40-41

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

41

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

42

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 2: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

1

Course PA-423 Applied Research in Public Administration

Research Group 09

Submitted to

Salahuddin M Aminuzzaman

Professor

Department of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Submitted by

Md Masum

Roll (SM- 41)

Group 09

5th

Batch 8th

semester

Department of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Submission 04 January 2015

2

Abstract

It is found that such kind of work regarding the market monitoring performance of Dhaka South

City Corporation is not found The main objective of this research is to identify what is customer‟s

perception amp experience while doing shopping in DSCC kitchen market with a view to looking the

conformity with world standard monitoring system and seeking the areas DSCC market monitoring

standing committee should concentrate on In case of literary review CAB‟s consumers right

perspective city corporation act will be taken into account to analyze collected data All data will be

collected from both primary and secondary source includes books journals internet etc Market

monitoring system was measured with some sort of independent variables eg public awareness

price chart existence punishment extent frequency of monitoring etc To extract information from

respondent less structured questionnaire was used The result of this work shows that CMA amp ARB

models are not operational in DSCC at large extent Most of the market regulatory activities are

conveyed by other entities like TCB amp district magistrate So this paper has given quick snapshot

illustrating factors for a sound market monitoring system

3

Contents

Table of Contents

SL No Topic Page No

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background of the Study

08

12 Problem statement

09

13 Significance of the study

09

14 Objectives

10

15 Research Questions

10

16 Hypothesis

10

17 Limitation

10

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

12

22 Conceptual Framework

13-14

23 Theoretical framework

14

24 Analytical Framework

14-15

4

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

31 Research Design

16

32 Sampling Method

16

33 Data Collection Instrument

16

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

17

35 Data Analysis Plan

17-18

Chapter 4

Overview on DSCC and other related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

19

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

19-20

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

21-22

44 marketing channels

23

Chapter 5

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

5

24

5

52 Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents

522 Gender Distribution of respondents

523 Profession of respondents

5

5 53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

532 Frequency of monitoring

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumer‟s

perception

24-25

27-39

Chapter 6

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumers‟ perception DSCC kitchen market

monitoring

40

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic

variables

40

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

40

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

40-41

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

41

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

42

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 3: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

2

Abstract

It is found that such kind of work regarding the market monitoring performance of Dhaka South

City Corporation is not found The main objective of this research is to identify what is customer‟s

perception amp experience while doing shopping in DSCC kitchen market with a view to looking the

conformity with world standard monitoring system and seeking the areas DSCC market monitoring

standing committee should concentrate on In case of literary review CAB‟s consumers right

perspective city corporation act will be taken into account to analyze collected data All data will be

collected from both primary and secondary source includes books journals internet etc Market

monitoring system was measured with some sort of independent variables eg public awareness

price chart existence punishment extent frequency of monitoring etc To extract information from

respondent less structured questionnaire was used The result of this work shows that CMA amp ARB

models are not operational in DSCC at large extent Most of the market regulatory activities are

conveyed by other entities like TCB amp district magistrate So this paper has given quick snapshot

illustrating factors for a sound market monitoring system

3

Contents

Table of Contents

SL No Topic Page No

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background of the Study

08

12 Problem statement

09

13 Significance of the study

09

14 Objectives

10

15 Research Questions

10

16 Hypothesis

10

17 Limitation

10

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

12

22 Conceptual Framework

13-14

23 Theoretical framework

14

24 Analytical Framework

14-15

4

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

31 Research Design

16

32 Sampling Method

16

33 Data Collection Instrument

16

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

17

35 Data Analysis Plan

17-18

Chapter 4

Overview on DSCC and other related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

19

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

19-20

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

21-22

44 marketing channels

23

Chapter 5

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

5

24

5

52 Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents

522 Gender Distribution of respondents

523 Profession of respondents

5

5 53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

532 Frequency of monitoring

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumer‟s

perception

24-25

27-39

Chapter 6

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumers‟ perception DSCC kitchen market

monitoring

40

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic

variables

40

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

40

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

40-41

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

41

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

42

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 4: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

3

Contents

Table of Contents

SL No Topic Page No

Chapter 1

Introduction

11 Background of the Study

08

12 Problem statement

09

13 Significance of the study

09

14 Objectives

10

15 Research Questions

10

16 Hypothesis

10

17 Limitation

10

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

12

22 Conceptual Framework

13-14

23 Theoretical framework

14

24 Analytical Framework

14-15

4

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

31 Research Design

16

32 Sampling Method

16

33 Data Collection Instrument

16

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

17

35 Data Analysis Plan

17-18

Chapter 4

Overview on DSCC and other related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

19

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

19-20

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

21-22

44 marketing channels

23

Chapter 5

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

5

24

5

52 Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents

522 Gender Distribution of respondents

523 Profession of respondents

5

5 53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

532 Frequency of monitoring

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumer‟s

perception

24-25

27-39

Chapter 6

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumers‟ perception DSCC kitchen market

monitoring

40

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic

variables

40

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

40

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

40-41

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

41

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

42

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 5: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

4

Chapter 3

Research Methodology

31 Research Design

16

32 Sampling Method

16

33 Data Collection Instrument

16

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

17

35 Data Analysis Plan

17-18

Chapter 4

Overview on DSCC and other related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

19

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

19-20

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

21-22

44 marketing channels

23

Chapter 5

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

5

24

5

52 Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents

522 Gender Distribution of respondents

523 Profession of respondents

5

5 53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

532 Frequency of monitoring

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumer‟s

perception

24-25

27-39

Chapter 6

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumers‟ perception DSCC kitchen market

monitoring

40

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic

variables

40

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

40

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

40-41

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

41

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

42

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 6: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

5

52 Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents

522 Gender Distribution of respondents

523 Profession of respondents

5

5 53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

532 Frequency of monitoring

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumer‟s

perception

24-25

27-39

Chapter 6

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumers‟ perception DSCC kitchen market

monitoring

40

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic

variables

40

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

40

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

40-41

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

41

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

42

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 7: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

6

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

43

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

43

69 Sellers fear this punishment more than buyers

43

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the

operation

43

611 Price- chart itself is not fair can‟t predict price of all

category-goods

43

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

43

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

43-45

Chapter 7

Conclusion with recommendation

Recommendation 46

ReferenceBibliography

47-48

Appendix A Questionnaire

49-50

Appendix B

JDI subscale

51

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

51

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 8: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

7

Acknowledge

In some cases acknowledgement may mean degrading it when it goes to some beloved one

Yes this is Dr Salah Uddin Animuzzaman whose guidance and instruction made this paper a

success Thanksgiving to all my group members (Group bdquo09‟) is inevitable for their sincerity to

completion of this work

Let‟s me give recognition to those respondents who assist me providing their valued information and

spending valuable time

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 9: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

8

Chapter 01

11 Background of the Study

Kitchen markets now days are common phenomena in both rural and urban Bangladesh Price

hiking food adultering product syndicating and so many problems are becoming regular scenario in

the Kitchen Markets including groceries This is a fundamental principle supporting application

Performance Management (wwwwikipediacom accessed on 31102014) Consumers are being

constantly affected by such problems A large portion of citizens are not sufficiently aware of prices

and purity of daily-used products Government has an agenda of bdquoRight to Information Act‟ for

making the citizens update on any issues On the other hand City Corporations are supposed to

deliver basic urban services to the city dwellers And they are entitled to perform some essential and

emergency actions within its boundary Of various actions Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is

prescribed to monitor and supervise the kitchen markets within its jurisdiction to ensure people‟s

right to know any relevant information Now the standing committee of DSCC for Bazaar

monitoring is bestowed with 78 bazaars to monitor over within its jurisprudence (wwwdsccorgbd

accessed on 30102014)) By the way effective and meaningful monitoring system has become

imperative for operation of kitchen markets in the transparent way

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 10: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

9

12 Problem statement

In Bangladesh every marketing sphere is controlled by a financially powered group They are also

considered as syndicate They control each and every movements of market The kitchen market is

not out of their black hand Therefore it is obvious that every classes of customer need to go there for

their own daily essential commodities (Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007)

Here the price of daily essential commodities imposed by DCC is not followed for their united

syndicate Imposed price of DCC is not effective for customer unawareness and their indifferent

attitude Most of the time it is not possible to pursue the imposed price although Government and its

related administration department want to control it

13 Significance of the study

Bazaar monitoring system is an important phenomenon for every country like Bangladesh Without

proper Bazaar monitoring system irregularities and mismanagement exist in a Bazaar A kitchen

market is one of the most essential markets where everyone needs to go every day So proper

monitoring system of kitchen market and application of existing rules regulations on this market are

utmost necessary In case of Dhaka city Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) must play the most

significant role in case of kitchen market monitoring system DSCC along with other concerned

market monitoring authorities (TCB CAB NGOs BSTI and CBA) should monitor the kitchen

market on a regular basis If they monitor every kitchen market and emphasis on proper implication

of laws and legal procedures it will be helpful for the common people to buy different items in a

reasonable price Concerned authority must focus on proper display of different food items charts

according to the price fixed by DSCC It is helpful for people because they need not to bargain with

the sellers to reduce the price On the other hand sellers don‟t get high price compare to actual price

Another positive impact of Bazaar monitoring system is it ensures the proper quality of vegetables

fish meat and other items When DSCC and its concerned officials monitor market in a regular basis

sellers become alert to ensure the quality of different vegetables fish meat and other items They

become frightened to use chemical such as ldquoformalinrdquo Formalin and other toxic chemical are so

much harmful for human body and it causes cancer Only proper market monitoring system can save

time money energy of buyers and bitter experience of bargaining between buyers and sellers So

proper Bazaar monitoring system (Kitchen market) by DSCC is really helpful for common people

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 11: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

10

Therefore DSCC should focus on proper Bazaar monitoring system to ensure quality and quantity of

different food items and to meet the proper public demand

14 Objectives

The aim of the study was to conduct a survey on the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC which is

categorized into four main objectives They are as follows

To find out what factors enforce the frequency of Bazaar monitoring

To find out the factors that discourages customers and sellers not to follow the imposed

price

To develop a new mechanism or model for proper bazaar monitoring

To see the real picture of kitchen market regarding imposed price of daily essential

commodities

15 Research Questions

1 What is the current scenario of Bazaar Monitoring in Dhaka South City Corporation

2 How much essential and effective it is to monitor bdquoBazaar‟ by Dhaka south City

Corporation

16 Hypothesis

It is assumed that Bazaar monitoring system (specially focus on kitchen market) will not be effective

in most of the time of the year It will be effective while different print and electronic media will

publish different articles and journals about this system and its different loopholes When news and

information of media will become so much alluring and that time common people will be concerned

about its efficiency Sometimes it will be effective at the time of holy Ramadan for proper

government intervention

17 Limitation

Since the study had urgency to be completed within a given timeframe it can‟t

covers all the aspects of Bazaar monitoring Even findings may not reflect the type of market such

shopping market As it is a sensitive case and that is why sellers might hide information that may

slightly affect the findings We have limitations of time knowledge resource capability and so on

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 12: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

11

As our final exam is knocking at the door we have not gotten enough time to conduct our research in

a most effective way On the other hand sellers may not be so much interested to give proper

information Consumers may not have enough idea about Bazaar monitoring system and they will

not be able to give correct and accurate information for this research Sometimes consumers have

been too busy to give answer of any question After all we have tried our best to conduct our

research in a most effective and efficient way

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 13: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

12

Chapter 2

Literature review and Analytical framework

21 Literature Review

The urgency if Bazaar monitoring in Bangladesh dated back to 1970s when government establishes

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) with promulgation of president order (TCB order

1972) According to ACER (agency for cooperation of energy regulation) - Bazaar monitoring is to

assess retail market competition with a view to identifying instances of best practice which improve

market performance (ACER report 2014) Bazaar monitoring is also best defined as bdquoSupervisory

activities in progress to ensure market is on-course and on schedule in meeting the objectives and

performance target (Business dictionary 2014) In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the

responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled with a designated standing committee (city

corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under article 50 that there would be a standing

committee to observe monitor and control market price (city corporation act 2009)

Beside government endeavor there exist some civil society organizations working to protect

consumers‟ right in terms of pure commodities price monitoring as prescribed by City Corporation

(Kreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph 2007) In its publication CAB sees Bazaar monitoring as a

system which is aimed at keeping the price stable and within the purchasing power (CAB research

paper 2005) Bazaar monitoring is conducted with a view to make necessary goods attainable to

consumers and ensuring balance between demand and supply (TCB order- 1972) In consumers‟

right protection act 2009 it is mentioned that if any individual sells something in over rate

prescribed by any authority he is likely to be punished up to 1 year imprisonment andor 50

thousands to as fine (Bdlawsminlawgovbd 2014)

Consumer Association Bangladesh (CAB) has made an attempt to pursue DSCC in terms of Bazaar

monitoring The surveillance by CAB covers Street Food Vending labels on products tobacco

consumption BSTI certification marks road accidents level of consumers‟ awareness of their rights

and obligations are also carried out Surveillance and Monitoring on market prices and quality of

essential commodities and services is one of the regular activities of CAB and is done with a view to

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 14: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

13

pressurize the government to take appropriate measures against anti-social price-hike food and

commodity adulteration (Consumerbdorg 2014)

22 Conceptual Framework

Bazaar

In this study Bazaar was meant for some selected kitchen markets under the jurisdiction of Dhaka

South City Corporation (DSCC) Unlike its counterpart word bdquomarket‟ in economics Bazaar is a site

where daily necessary goods used in the kitchen are bought and sold through collective bargaining

Bazaar is a Bengali term where buyers and sellers interact directly or through intermediary to trade

goods services or contracts or instruments for money or barter (Business Dictionary 2010)

Monitoring system

Monitoring system may have connotation in business term By the way hereby it is the promulgated

Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC as given in City Corporation Act 2009 In this act a designated

standing committee for bazaar monitoring is bestowed with due responsibilities The manner in

which it cooperates and facilitates the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) will also be

counted as monitoring system (city corporation act 2009)

Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC)

DSCC is the self-governing corporation that is associated with the task of running the affairs of the

southern part of the Dhaka City (Wikipedia) In this study DSCC will be meant for the southern

administrative part of the Dhaka City which was spited and renamed as the bdquoCity Corporation

Amendment Act‟2011 It is the linking bridge between the central government and the citizen

entitled with some regular and essential duties

Kitchen Market

Kitchen markets are the shopping site where the products and commodities including groceries

from salt to potato and coriander to beef are sold to the customers

Price fixation in kitchen market

Method of price setting is also an important aspect in marketing of fruits and vegetables

Myint (2003) reported different methods of price setting in fruits and vegetables marketing in

Myanmar Farmers generally rely on the nearest town bus or boat drivers extension workers

And neighboring farmers of the same village come from the nearest town market Another

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 15: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

14

Information source is the agent who comes to village to buy a crop Farmers compare prices

offered by the agents and the primary collectors Farmers choose the best trading partners

based on honesty and reasonable prices offered to them The wholesalers find out daily

market information in the produce exchange center They also exchange market information

of export demand prices in major producing areas and supply situation For price setting

Traders gather information from their regular trading partner by telephone including cell

phones In Bangladesh the common sources of market information are the personal visit to

Market other farmers traders contractors extension workers and market information

services (Rahman 2003) In the present days cell phone is mainly used as an important

source of market information

23 Theoretical framework

As objective to assess the extent and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring system the strategy

and technique of monitoring is key concern This monitoring system is likely to characterize with

so many aspects in terms of compatibility For the purpose of identifying adoptability and

conformity with international agreed standard of monitoring in developing an analytical

framework relevant 2 model have been used These models are elaborated in the following sub

section

ARB and CMA methods

CMA (The Competition and Markets Authority UK) has another approach to market monitoring

It seeks for ensuring competition in among the sellers CMA model also suggest for having a

market reference group to who the sellers are accountable(Govuk 2014)

While On the other hand ARB (Air resource board California) suggests for having a designated

market monitoring cellgroup where aggrieved person can directly draw complain to it Even this

emphasizes a strategy to engaging Gov law counseladviser in its campaign to proceed immediate

legal action (Arbcagov-2014)

24 Analytical Framework

An analytical framework is devised for this study based on the review of

the relevant literature and existing theory of Bazaar monitoring The proposed research is to be

tested in several kitchen markets under DSCC Bangladesh All these endeavors are aimed at

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 16: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

15

assessing the variables of Bazaar monitoring of DSCC Once the data will be available for

the proposed study it will help to examine the significance of discrete

variables to the dependent variable of Bazaar monitoring

Figure 1

Notwithstanding that there are so many independent variables of Bazaar monitoring are available

for convenience this researcher has only selected the above mentioned six variables

1 public awareness

2 Price-chart existence

3 Frequency of monitoring

4 Intensity of punishment

5 sales of expired commodities

6 Rate of complain

Bazaar Monitoring

of DSCC

Effectiveness

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 17: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

16

Chapter Three

Research Methodology

This chapter is discussing about the methodology of the research applied in the study for

achievement of desire objectives In this chapter the details of the methodology which will be

carried out prior during and after the field work will be described

31 Research Design

The study will be mainly based on primary data Secondary sources will also be used Survey

Method will be used to collect primary information The reason behind using survey method is

that ldquoit is probably the best method available to the social scientists interested in

collecting original data and this enables the researcher to identify not only the

variables which are related to each other but also how these relationships change

over timerdquo(Aminuzzaman 199139) After data analysis data will be presented with different

table figure and chart (pie chart bar chart line chart) Table will be made on the basis of

questionnaire and using five scale Likert formats

32 Sampling Method

Data gathering is vital in research as the data is meant to contribute to a better understanding of a

theoretical framework (Bernard 2002) This research is mainly qualitative in nature A stratified

sampling method will be followed for conducting this research We will take response from different

age group within 20 to 60 years old To reach the objectives data will be collected from both

primary and secondary sources

33 Data Collection Instrument

Primary sources of data will be questionnaire interview and discussion with respondents A

structured questionnaire with both open and close ended questions will be used in this survey We

will also observe the markets and respondent attitudes (sellers) to validate the study Secondary

sources of data will be books internet journals DSCC‟s acts DSCC‟s annual reports and reports of

different research organizations concerned with Bazaar monitoring

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 18: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

17

34 Population Sample size amp Research Area

The people who go to kitchen markets for buying product at least four times in a month are

addressed and also the people who have a permanent shop in the market

15 respondents will be given questionnaire in each Bazaar (market) These 15 respondents are

buyers So the total population will be (153) = 45 buyers

And beside this 9 sellers will be interviewed (3 from each market) So total respondents from sellers

will be (33) =09 sellers

The simple randomly selected three kitchen markets of DSCC jurisdiction They are

1 New Market Bazaar

2 Ananda Bazaar

3 Polashi Bazaar

35 Data Analysis Plan

In order to make the analysis fruitful and goal oriented a special attention will be given in this part

Data will be analyzed with the help of the literature of the previous research in the same field We

will use Microsoft Word Microsoft Excel To get different chart and percentage we will use SPSS

software alsoTo interpret the data to be gathered we will use the following statistical formulae

Percentage ndash to determine the magnitude of the responses to the questionnaire

n

= -------- x 100 n ndash number of responses

N N ndash total number of respondents

How data will be analyzed which is followed by findings can be graphically shown below

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 19: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

18

Figure 2

Secondary sources

Books journal

internet

Primary Sources

Questionnaire interview

discussion observation

Data collection

Analyzing data Findings

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 20: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

19

Chapter 04

Overview on Dhaka south city corporation bazaar monitoring amp related authorities

41 Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) is the self-governing corporation the incorporated

area is divided into several wards Each ward has an elected ward commissioner The mayor of the

city is elected by popular vote every five years although the last mayoral election took place in

2002 The Corporation was created by the Local Government (City Corporation) Amendment Bill

2011 on November 29 2011 passed in the Parliament of Bangladesh and formally ceased to exist

on December 1 2011 following the Presidents approval making way for a North and South city

corporation (Wikipedia)

According to the existing law the executive power of the Corporation vests in and exercised by the

MayorAdministrator The Corporation constitutes Several Standing Committees and other

Committees to monitor and guide the diversified activities of the organization The

Mayoradministrator is assisted by the Chief Executive Officer who in turn is assisted by the

Secretary the Heads of Departments and Zonal Executive Officers

Dhaka South City Corporation consists of 56 wards covering the thanas of Dhaka Kotwali

Motijheel Sutrapur Ramna Bangsal Wari Gendaria Chwokbazar Lalbagh Hazaribagh

Dhanmondi Shahbagh New Market Khilgaon Kamrangirchar and others

42 Authorities concerned with Bazaar monitoring

DSCC is not the sole role player of bazaar monitoring activities in its jurisdiction There exist other

authorities who also look over the market

Those are Ministry of commerce TCB DC office District magistrate FBCCI Consumers‟ right

protection department Market committees Businessmen Association who sometimes are assisted

by law enforcing agencies The following discussion will be over different entities of bazaar

monitoring and how they are engaged by law

421 DSCCrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

In case of DSCC (Dhaka south city corporation) the responsibility of Bazaar monitoring is entitled

with a designated standing committee (city corporation act 2009) It is clearly defined in act under

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 21: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

20

article 50 that there would be a standing committee to observe monitor and control market price

(city corporation act 2009) Aggrieved consumers or businessmen can fill complain in food court

situated at DSCC The social service department of DSCC is also responsible for working as

watchdog in DSCC market Currently 78 markets are under its jurisdiction This is the

administrative wing of DSCC So officers and bureaucrats are to be involved in overseeing market

(Dhakasouthcitygovbd)

422 TCBrsquos role as Bazaar monitoring authority

Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB) was established with promulgation of president order To

ensure supply of necessary goods at fair and reasonable price is also the duty of TCB (TCB order

1972)

423 Role of Ministry of commerce as Bazaar monitoring authority

This ministry is the key role player of overseeing market irregularities Beside mobile court this

ministry has already introduced online bazaar monitoring system Officials have distinguished user

ID amp password to monitor market price (httpopmsmincomgovbd)

424 DC office

It has been included as rules of business of DC office that either DC himself or his representatives

(ADM UNO) will be responsible for conducting mobile court in its respective jurisdiction

(National web portal Bangladesh ) So in this sense DC office is another authority who works

along DSCC bazaar monitoring team

425 National Consumersrsquo right protection department

This body monitors market under Consumers‟ right protection act 2009 This department is vested

with the responsibility to control over price on standard price range adultering false

advertisement manipulating weight measuring machine or instrument not following expire date

attached with product level not displaying price- chart or keeping it somewhere in invisible to

customers Magistrates of all districts are to give hand to department of NCRP (citizen charter of

DNCRP ministry of commerce)(Dncrpgovbd)

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 22: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

21

43 How kitchen amp vegitable market mechanism works

Various middlemen perform different functions in the process of marketing and they charge

fees for the services they provide These charges include costs for packaging loading

unloading sorting grading market fees commission etc In the case of the profit of the

middlemen beginning from the sale of the produce from the farmers till it reaches the

consumers different actors like Faria bdquoBepari commission agent wholesalers retailers

and so on handle produce and they earn profit by adopting this profession Their profit is

included in the price of the commodity and it also becomes a part of the market margins

(Chhina 2009) Producers‟ share is an important indicator of market efficiency Higher

marketing costs indicate less efficient market but it is not always true Marketing cost

depends on various factors According to Chhina (2009) it can be concluded that low

marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟ price is not an indicator of high

efficient market and similarly the marketing cost expressed as a percentage of the consumers‟

price is always not an indicator of low efficiency market system The percentage share of the

price of farm products in India is higher than the percentage of price in the developed

countries of Europe and America It cannot be concluded that the Indian markets are more

efficient than that of developed countries There can be higher marketing cost in a developed

economy (Chhina 2009) The cost of marketing of a particular commodity is influenced by

different factors such as quantity of the product perishability bulkiness risk involved

facilities in the market grading storage transportation regular or irregular supply

advertisement processing packaging retail or wholesale degree of market information and

competition in the market There are some important points to be considered to reduce

marketing cost which include improvement of management better handling of products

increase in the volume of business reduction in market charges creating the conditions for

perfect competition reduction of risk practice of grading and provision for market

information (Chhina 2009)

In terms of marketing margins in vegetables trade Roy (1992) reported that Faria was the

most beneficiary group among the traders In contrast Sabur (1992) reported that the profit

margin was the highest for Aratdar (93) followed by Faria (79) Paiker (75)

Bepari (33) and retailers (20) However the marketing costs were higher for Bepari

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 23: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

22

followed by retailers Paiker Faria and Aratdar This is quite common that some people

look at prices paid to farmers and compare them with the prices consumers pay for the same

product They accuse traders who are exploiting the farmers because the retail price paid by

consumers is higher than the price received by farmers

According to a CPD report 6 different marketing chains for brinjal and chili were identified

The major components of the consumers‟ expenditure for brinjal and chili were attributable

to the production cost which ranged from 41-43 of the retail value The market

intermediaries received about 60 equivalent value of the retail price Among the

intermediaries the retailers received the highest share (24-28 of the retail value) However

the author explained the reasons for the higher margin of the retailers Vegetables are

perishable and hence the retailers add premium to the prices to offset the risk of spoilage

Secondly the consumers generally choose and pick better quality products and remaining

products become gradually inferior in quality and ultimately sold at lower prices Often a

portion of the products are not sold That is why the retailers tend to add premium to

compensate the perceived losses (CPD 2007) Nevertheless the unusual and very high

addition of premium by the retailers cannot be ruled out

Studying marketing margins is very important for several reasons such as to study marketing

efficiency compare different markets improve marketing system study the role of the

middlemen and implement different Government policies Role of middlemen is an

important aspect in influencing the marketing costs and margins If the results of marketing

margins of the different middlemen indicate that there are certain unreasonable charges and

inefficiency in the services of the middlemen those can be improved accordingly Another

important aspect of marketing margin analyses is the implementation of Government policy

The Government formulates policies with the objective of improving the efficiency of the

marketing The study of market margins indicates the field to adopt and implement the

appropriate market policy The required intervention of the Government is also based on the

study of the market margins (Chhina 2009) Barman (2008) investigated the marketing costs

and margins in winter vegetables trade in Dhaka city He reported that the marketing costs for

supermarket and conventional markets were Tk 481 and 453 ton respectively and the

corresponding net returns were Tk 11988 and 7511 ton respectively and which results

manifested that the margins of supermarkets were higher than that of conventional markets

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 24: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

23

44 marketing channels

Marketing channels and market to be discussed for knowing the whole market system

Results suggested that various actors

are involved in marketing The principal actors include growers Faria Bepari

Aratdar wholesalers retailers and consumers Faria are of different kinds For example some

Faria do business without any running capital whereas others do business with their own

capital The principal buyers of banana in the region are the Faria and Bepari The growers

generally bring their goods in the assemble market andsell either to the Faria or to the Bepari

There are two types of Bepari local (50) and the

rest 50 from different destination markets like Dhaka and other citiestownsdivisions The

growers and the Bepari do not pay any tollcommission to the market committee

The following graph shows how vegetables come to DSCC kitchen market through a long process

Each of the agents tries to maximize its share Syndicate may be formed at any stage of the

following cycle

So to control syndicate DSCC has specific role in its jurisdiction at least overseeing irregularities at

city corporation area

Farmers(Rural area)

Foria

Bepari

Aratdar(Dhaka Karwan Bazaar)

Wholseller (regional Dhaka)

Retailer(DSCC Market)

Customer(DSCC Market)

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 25: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

24

Chapter 05

Analysis of Data

51 Introduction

The main objective of this study is to find out the level of job satisfaction of the civil servants of

Bangladesh working at Upazila level The specific objectives are to gauge whether the officials

working at the field level are satisfied with their job and to identify the different factors

impacting job satisfaction To fulfill the purpose responses from 85 civil servants of different

Batches Cadres and Designations were surveyed with a structured questionnaire In the

subsequent sections the survey results will be analyzed As previous chapter has discussed the

method of study there were two sections in the questionnaire First section asked respondents

demographic information and second section asked their perception regarding all five variables

of this study marked in the analytical framework The researcher has used a 5 point Likert type

scale in the variable subscale designing the questionnaire to get the responses of the civil

servants

52Section A Demographic Analysis of respondents

521 Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Age Distribution of respondents (buyers) by age (n =45)

Age group frequency percentage

20-30 6 13

31-40 9 20

41-50 25 56

51-60 5 11

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 26: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

25

Figure3

Age group made in 10 years scale

Age distribution of sample is given in Figure 3 we find that most of the respondents 25 (56) fall in

the age group of 41 to 50 years this is followed by 9 (20) that belongs to age group 31 to 40 The age

category 20-30 constitutes 13 (n=6) of the sample which is pretty younger age group Finally the

minority of the respondents (n=5 11) fall in age category of 51 to 60 From the above ensuing result it

can be concluded that the lion share of the buyers pool participating in the study is fairly old enough

to be mature and rational ranging between 41 to 50 (n=25 56) They are supposed to be the guardian

of respective families

13

20

56

11

Age group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 27: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

26

522 Gender Distribution of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure4 is all about gender distribution of the sample

Figure4

The sample was representative of larger number of male respondents to that of female members Males

constitute 777 (n=35) compared to 223 (n=10) female respondents This is a picture of work

sharing between male and female in urban area The above data shows that outdoor responsibility (eg

going kitchen market) still goes to male counterpart in families in Dhaka city

78

22

Sex of the respondents

Male

Female

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 28: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

27

523 Profession of respondents (buyers) (n =45)

Figure 5

Figure5 illustrates amp explains the frequency distribution amp percentage of the underlying profession of

buyers taken as sample of this research Teachers are the dominant number of respondents (2886 13

n-45) They are followed by house keeper (1998 9 n-45) students (1554 7 n-45) businessmen

(888 4 n-45) The minority number of respondents is doctor (444 2 n-45) Both the laborer

group ampGov Officials have same number of representation in this sampling having 111 of

representation

53 Section b- Analysis so per as explanatory variables

531 Public awareness

Consumers‟ awareness about DSCC market regulatory system is a basic indicator for having a market

monitoring system on move As a working market monitoring system reinforce consumers to know

about existing law rules and agencies to complain at That is why public awareness has been added as

explanatory variables in this research Beside this ARB model of market monitoring suggests

consumers for complaining to concerned market authority (see ARB model in theoretical framework)

So this model emphasizes on public awareness amp expects consumers will turn into critical mass while

noticing any violation of law

Some related questions have been asked to the respondents in terms of knowing their awareness level

The findings are bellow

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Frequency

Percentage

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 29: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

28

Customersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

The findings from the above subscale can be mentioned as below

Figure 6 knowing about the existence of DSCC monitoring system (n=45)

A total of 71 ( n-32) of the respondents agreed that they know about the Bazaar monitoring

system of DSCC (Dhaka South City Corporation)

On the other hand rest of the respondents 29 ( n-13) have no idea whether there is a market

monitoring system under DSCC

71

29

knowing DSCC monitoring system

Yes

No

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 30: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

29

watching price chart at DSCC market (n-45)

Figure 7

Price chart is a must for a Bazaar monitoring system On the basis of which buyers can bargain with

sellers and complain too concerned authority If price chart are not there buyers cannot predict price

This is also another indicator of awareness If consumers are aware enough they must find out the price

chart That is why the respondents were asked whether they saw price chart in front of marketshops

while they going kitchen market under DSCC The findings are as bellow

51 ( n-23) of the respondents gave positive reply about noticing city corporation price chart in market

The other 49 replied negative in the question of seeing DSCC price chart ever So the way

DSCC operates its bazaar monitoring system was asked mainly to the latter

5149

watching price chart

Yes

No

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 31: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

30

Table Noticing price chart

Frequency Percentage

Yes 23 5106

No 22 4884

Total 45 100

Seeing expire date of commodities

Figure See expire date of commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

Seeing expire date of commodities is most illustrating point to judge customers awareness level BSTI

affirms an excitable date of commodities while TCB also monitors whether expired products are sold or

not The key responsibility of DSCC market regulatory authority is to take necessary step against any

sort of complaints from consumers (under a jurisdiction) regarding selling or keeping expired product

This is possible only when consumers or buyers will be aware enough to see expire date of product

while buying something from kitchen market That is why this issue was included under public

awareness (explanatory variables) The result is as follow

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

male female

49

70

1554

30 yes

no

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 32: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

31

22 males from 35 male respondents replied that they see expire date of products while buy something It

constitutes 6285 of male university in this research amp around 45 of cumulative male amp female

respondents

7 of the male respondents said they dont see expire date while buy something It constitutes

155 of the research respondents

6 male respondents did not answer to this question

On the other hand

7 female respondents out of 10 gave positive reply in the question of seeing expire date This

constitutes 70 of female respondents So apparently females are comparative more aware about

seeing expire date as compared with their male counterpart (63 against 70)

3 female respondents out of 10 said they dont see expire date

Receiving voucher against purchased commodities

Figure receive voucher against purchased commodities

Percentage may not aggregated 100 as some didn‟t respond

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

male female

20

4443

19

115

37

yes

no

sometimes

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 33: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

32

Receiving voucher from seller is another important indicator to measure consumers awareness If there

is a sound bazaar monitoring system it must encourage both consumers and sellers to keep and give

voucher against sold commodities On the basis of which DSCC can affirm whether its price chart are

followed or ignored So result of this question is as follow

7 male respondents out of 35 agreed that they receive voucher from sellers Tough

interestingly this is not intended to show DSCC officials rather most of them said this is because of their

wife‟s pressure to collect voucher

15 male respondents said they dont receive voucher which constitutes 333 of total

respondents

4 male said sometimes they took voucher sometimes dont

On the other hand

3 female respondents said yes amp 3 other said no in terms of receiving voucher from the sellers

Only single female respondent said that sometimes she took voucher

Beside this 9 respondents (6 male amp 3 females) didnt reply to this question

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 34: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

33

Bargain with sellers to follow price chart

Figure bargain with sellers to follow chart price

The information citizen charter price chart are important tools that leave citizens more competition

power That is why bargaining with sellers to follow price chart was included as measuring tool for

public awareness This was asked only 23 respondent who confirmed noticing price chart in market

Asking remaining 22 respondents about price bargaining would be invalid The result is as follow

3043 ( 7 n-23) gave positive feedback in the question of bargaining to conform to price chart

346 gave negative feedback in reply

Remaining 8 respondents had no comment on it

So above data showed that most of the respondents are not prone to force sellers to follow price chart

30

35

35

Bargain with sellers

yes

no

no comment

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 35: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

34

532 Frequency of monitoring

DSCC campaign against malpractice in market Customers‟ perception

Figure ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

The frequency of monitoring is another illustrating aspect to explain DSCC market monitoring Under

this explanatory variable we asked respondents two related measuring items One is whether they saw

market campaign from DSCC or not If yes then mostly when Whether price chart is updated on regular

basis was the question

The result of this question is

3774 (17 n-45) gave positive feedback saying that they saw such campaign though not

sure whether that was from DSCC or TCB or even district magistrate in the form of mobile court

Alarmingly 5522 ( 25) said that they didnt ever seen such campaign from any authority It

indicates that most of the campaigns are conveyed just for show up on media not run on the regular

basis Otherwise peoples eye couldnt ignore that

The remaining 66 ( 3) didnt have any comment on it

As a complement of this question positive respondents were further asked to what extent they had been

exposed to such campaign So In complement question the respondents were 17 in number

37

55

7

Exposed with DSCC campaign

yes

no

no comment

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 36: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

35

Their responses are as bellow

Only a single respondent agreed that he saw this campaign on monthly basis

4 of the respondents said that experienced it seasonally

Eg During fruit season as expected earlier on 12 respondents are in favor of observing it during

Ramadan It indicates authority gets alerted when camera is lurking or media is pursuing over market

matters

When Frequency Percentage

Ramadan 12 7058

Seasonal 4 2352

Monthly 1 588

Total 17 100

Price chart updated on regular basis

Figure price chart updated on regular basis

18

82

Price chart updated

yes

no

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 37: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

36

The findings of this question are as follow

1734 think it is not updated on regular basis Even one seller says not maintained fair rate It

cannot predict all quality amp quality less products price Even it is not compatible with market

equilibrium

8266 disagreed with the issue of price chart updating It indicates that consumers dont give

serious attention to DSCC price chart

533 Regulatory and punishment aspect

What kind of punishment was executed

The respondents mentioned some major punishments Three types of punishment were executed the

respondents acclaimed Some shop owners said they were fined 5000-20000 TK for not following

the rules and hiding price-chart Some buyers replied they saw damaging product crocking

commodities while observing market campaign

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 38: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

37

534 Complain about Bazaar manipulation

Complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

Figure complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee difficult

a) Strongly agree b) moderate d) disagree e) strongly disagree

It is obvious from the above data that a lion share

53 of the respondents think it is too hard to complain to DSCC authority bdquoWe don‟t know

where about DSCC amp where to fill complain‟ they added

24 replied a moderate view in this term

Interestingly only 444 have shown disfavor to this viewpoint

Another question was whether respondents have ever demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities

Only 1 person out of 45 respondents attended program such demonstrated participated in human-chain

against market irregularities Causes they showed for not attending this type of lack time no link with

unconscious not works no interest

53

24

220444

Complaining is difficult

s agree

moderate

disagree

s disagree

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 39: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

38

535 Holistic picture of DSCC monitoring consumerrsquos perception

A) Strongly agree b) partially agree c) neutral d) disagree e) strongly disagree

Descriptive tatistics of variables

Subscales N Minimum Maximum Mean Standard

Deviation

Following

Price chart

45 1 5 376 105

Punishment

45 1 5 294 1122

Monitoring

45 1 5 253 131

Valid (N) 45

The respondents‟ responses have been measured in the scale of as per bellow

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

Observation on 9 shops amp interview with the sellers

9 sellers o s market have been interviewed with So their opinions are worth to mention

It is observed that exposure of Price chart is as follow

title Frequency Percentage

Price chart exist 06 67

Price chart exist 03 33

Total 09 100

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 40: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

39

Sellersrsquo awareness about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Know about DSCC bazaar monitoring system

Most of them don‟t who campaign whether it is TCB with district magistrate or DSCC committee for

monitoring

Why expose price chart (who show price chart) The sellers showed some reasons to do this Those are

as follow to show update inform buyers avoiding hassle from mobile court officials and above all to

get rid of any type of punishment imposed by magistrate

Frequency of monitoring sellersrsquo perspective

Everyone agreed to the point that they receive back expired commodities sold to customers

Who responsible for market manipulation sellerrsquos perception

The sellers thought following are mainly responsible for market irregularities price manipulating and

food adultering These are importer exporter whole seller market ministry producer politician mill

factories international market broker and ministry

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 41: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

40

Chapter 06

Findings of the Study

61 Overall Consumersrsquo perception DSCC kitchen market monitoring

The findings suggest that the majority of the consumers at DSCC market are either somewhat unaware

about market monitoring or apathetic to complain too concerned authority Most of the respondents

thought price chart is not updated in regular basis Even something demonstration protest against

syndicate doesn‟t work So they avoid these type of activities Monitoring price amp controlling price hike

mainly get focused during Ramadan People think this seasonal camping is eye-wash in front of camera

and not continued throughout the year

62 Effectiveness of DSCC Market monitoring amp demographic variables

There has been found no significant relationship between age group and effectiveness of DSCC bazaar

monitoring On the other hand to some extent professional background of the respondents has been able

to translate the effectiveness There has been found good reasons for reversing perception of male

against female respondents Their background and role in family matters contributed to respond

differently

63 Market monitoring of DSCC amp independent variables

Now following discussion has made an attempt to make connection of respondents‟ feedback with

explanatory variables as have been given in analytical framework (see analytical framework) What are

the findings of this research in the scale of independent variables has been discussed bellow

64 Public awareness Females are more aware than their counterpart

ARB model of market monitoring suggest for extensive public awareness that is supposed to lead to

complain to market authority It is found that most of the consumers know that there is system of

monitoring by DSCC Another side of findings is only a least portion saw price chart in DSCC kitchen

market So it suggests that the law remains just black and white It can rarely see the light of

implementation at consumer‟s level As a result people normally don‟t get authority at market for

complain to (CAB2007)

The result of seeing expire date of commodities was fantastic It is hoping side that majority of the

respondents watch expire date of product while buying something from DSCC market This issue

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 42: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

41

reveals another gender issue that female are more aware at seeing expire date than their male

counterpart Even some male are motivated by their housewives to see expire date So this illustrates a

very core value of urban women that they are pretty aware in market related issues

Male are comparatively less aware about seeking voucher from sellers as compared to seeing expire

date Even female are completely adverse to male‟s condition 44 of female at least seek voucher

while male are only 20 in percentage So that makes the difference between them So this reveals that

female is more conscious about expenditure transparency even this may be for future reference to seller

if commodities are found faulty

It was asked that if sellers don‟t follow price chart or claim over price whether you bargain with

Findings suggest that most of them don‟t bargain They showed some reasons for this They said this is

because market price is stable now with the incensement in purchasing power

65 Frequency of monitoring got serious attention during Ramadan

As report says Ministry of commerce initiated for forming 14 cumulative monitoring teams to monitor

Dhaka city market Each team will be headed by an officer whose status is equivalent to a deputy

secretary There will be a magistrate police force representatives from ministry of food agriculture amp

home affairs Even representative from DSCC will be there (Bangladesh Protidin 14 June 2013) The

above report illustrates that market monitoring activities are still dominated and conveyed by the

ministry of commerce and TCB The local government body DSCC invests little attention to it or

participated as token representative So hoping positive feedback from customers about its monitoring

performance is far cry What respondents exclaimed amp expressed regarding this issue is more alarming

55 gave negative feedback in reply of question of seeing DSCC market monitoring campaign ever

while a very least percentage agreed on this point Who gave positive feedback they are not gave it

unanimously to favor DSCC They were confused whether that campaign was conveyed by DSCC or

TCB or led by ministry of commerce So drawing conclusion from their opinion is not so easy

Another important aspect was how many times they saw such campaign or in other word when this got

intensified Most of the respondents said this campaign got focused mainly in Ramadan when very few

of them mentioned that they exposed with it seasonally A little number expressed that it is conveyed in

every month Even some report says that government initiates such campaign before election time

Another fact is that though price chart is normally updated by DSCC official as known from a seller

who is close to market chart- stand and observed this on regular basis people‟s perception is quite

adverse to it About 82 thought this price is not updated on regular basis

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 43: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

42

66 Following price chart ignored in most of the cases

A customer said the price chart set by DSCC was not followed throughout Ramadan (Nayadiganta 1

august 2014) Some says DSCC price chart is just kept black and white not executed Customers agreed

moderately in the question of whether price is followed or not

67 Punishment are not conveyed following due process

Punishment range is 1000 to 50000 Customers claimed that they saw to set fine up to 20000 Even

this is not beyond criticism Some seller said this is not done as prescribed in law for example

Rahman khan a seller of new market kitchen market said that fine (20000) was just not exposing

individual shop chart He thought that was not done following due process

To impose punishment authority should have adequate resource to identify expired and formalin

mixed commodities Currently DSCC markets‟ formalin test is done by fish department consumers‟

right protection department BCSIR BSTI public health nutrition institute On the other hand DSCC

has no formalin test machine to identify formalin in commodities (POBA 2013)

The standard of food set by BSTI is also not beyond question In an interview with an official of

food-court (country‟s only food court situatedat DSCC)said the standard ofwater purification (bottle

pack) set by BSTI helps some low quality companies to survive in market( 12 february2014

jugantor)

68 Consumers are not so critical mass

Complaining to DSCC standing committee is a process by which market transference can be ensured

beside this the officer of Social Service assigned to DSCC is another agent to complain to This

complaining mechanism is also suggested by ARB system of market monitoring But response from

respondents gave another message Most of the respondents thought complaining to DSCC authority

is absolutely difficult

Even people seem not organized as same as much previous study showed that consumers throughout the

world are generally less organized than other professional organization As consumers are from

different walks of society so coherent among them is less visible Our research translated the same thing

in this issue Only single person attended demonstration human chain seeking consumers‟ right or

protesting market irregularities The respondents who didn‟t participate such kind of awareness type of

programs showed some good reasons not to be there No link with consumer right related organization

thing it doesn‟t work no need for that no free time all these were prime reasons not to attend consumers‟

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 44: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

43

right related program So it gave clear message that consumers are not so critical mass and unorganized

consumers may be the underlying reason

Another report says though consumers‟ right protection act was enacted since 2010 but only 109

complains were filled till November 2014 (Jugantor 12 November 2014)

69 Sellers fear of this punishment more than buyers

As for fear of fine crocking commodities damaging goods which means huge loss to capital sellers are

comparatively more aware than buyers We observed 9 sellers in three markets Interestingly 6 shops

were demonstrating their price chart in front of their shop (individual price chart also hanged beside

main chart stand)The reasons they showed were to show update inform buyers avoid hassle avoid

punish The latter two translate sellers‟ fear about uncertainty

610 Sellers know the system but not know who convey the operation

Though most of the sellers are well aware of that there is a system of market monitoring by DSCC

authority they don‟t know who actually convey that operation Was that by district magistrate TCB

officials from ministry of commerce in the form of mobile court or DSCC itself So it significantly

means that there is a communication gap between stakeholders and authorities Both consumers and

sellers are ignored in terms of informing the agents of operation or extent of punishment So this is kind

of one way communication

611 Price- chart itself is not fair canrsquot predict price of all category-goods

While interviewing with a seller about the fairness of setting market price by DSCC a seller said it is not

fair Because this price is normally set at mid-day while whole day is still left At the end of the day

market price may fall as equilibrium Even quality goods may have more value for money So in this

sense it can be concluded here that DSCC price chart can‟t go beyond limitation It gives an average

price just like a shirt forced to fit all

612 Syndicate is responsible for pricemarket manipulation

Report says mainly syndicate works behind the camera (Dainik Ajkaler Khobor 29 June 2014) In

most of the cases syndicate established out of intention for making huge profit and black market

613 Implication for Policyfuture study

The research found interesting results regarding the relationship between the extent of public

awarness punishment monitoringexposure of price chart and effectiveness of DSCC market

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 45: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

44

monitoring Nevertheless this research has some inadequacy which should be

taken cognizance The results of this study should be interpreted with caution due to those weak

points Firstly only three market under DSCC jurisdiction when other 75 markets are also under it

The selected three sample markets are situated in campus area where most of the consumers are well

educated and aware of market matters Therefore the results of the study cannot be generalized

Secondly this study is completely based on the present position and situation of the respondents

regarding some limited distinct factors It did not consider the past position and situation of the

respondent and their future expectations about this experience

Thirdly the sample size is too small to draw any kind of overall generalization Although the

data was based on 45+9 respondents from 3 markets A small sample size could affect the

statistical power and precision of the model‟s parameter estimates as well as the indices of the

overall model fit (Vermeeren et al 2011) In spite of this this study appears to have significant

explanatory potential and the relationships with the framework correspond with rational theories

and literature explanations Therefore this problem does not appear to be serious

In spite of the aforementioned gaps the research extends current knowledge in at various ways

and does provide a snapshot picture of awarness level of consumers going to the

DSCC kitchen This study is an addition to earlier researchers‟ efforts in

understanding the relationship of public awarness punishment monitoring frequency displaying price

chart with the effectiveness of DSCC kitchen market monitoring

Statistically significant correlation results are indicatives of the impact of

all six variables contribution towards effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring

Since no data exists on effectiveness amp influence of DSCC bazaar monitoring in other research

future in-depth research of this may assist policy formulation and implementation on all levels to

be aware of the status of effectiveness and allow them to pro-actively put mechanisms in place

to enhance the effectiveness and ultimatelyimprove service delivery

This research examined the present level bazaar monitoring of DSCC three markets

Empirical findings of this study suggest that there are inverse relationships prevail between

education and Overall perception regarding monitoring activities by

DSCC It is recommended that future researcher can concentrate tofind out the cause behind this Furt

her analysis may reveal the reasons for this finding and the

future research possibilities are immense

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 46: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

45

Specially they can portray a comparative analysis between campus and industrial area markets

Additional research is thus needed to further investigate the potential relationships and effect of

those variables and other extraneous variables

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 47: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

46

Chapter 07

Recommendation amp Conclusion

Hereby it can be concluded here that the findings of this research are helping agent to translate

the effectiveness of DSCC bazaar monitoring Now here is some recommendation out of the

findings Firstly DSCC is lacking from its logistic and other equipment scarcity For example

currently formalin testing machine is missing in DSCC FBCCI Department of national

consumer‟s right protection are now conveying this service in market So this local government

body should be equipped with all sophisticated equipment‟s The officers and employees should

be well trained to monitor market and test food adultering mix of formalin in food To steer

monitoring activities there is urgency for coordination between law enforcing agency amp DSCC

Such a way monitoring activities can be intensified DSCC should not fix a price fit for all

commodities rather it should provide a price range which cover foods and goods from lowest to

highest quality Monitoring work should be operated at least per week Otherwise black market

and syndicate may get room to take breath Punishment should be executed in public such a way

all stakeholders can be aware in future The punished shop owner should be informed the law

and reason of his punishment There is an urgency of permanent bazaar committee in each

market wherein consumers can fill complain immediately Such a way transparency can be

ensured

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 48: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

47

ReferenceBibliography

Administrators in a day or two The Daily Sun 1 December 2011 Retrieved 6

September 2013

Al-Mahmood Syed Zain Splitting Dhaka A zero sum game Dhaka Courier Retrieved 6

September 2013

Dhakasouthcitygovbd Markets Retrieved on 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

Dncrpgovbd জাতীয় ভ াকতা অধিকার সংরকষণ অধিদপতর Np 2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

ldquoImproving the Marketing System Performance for fruits and Vegetables in Bangladeshrdquo (2013)

National food policy capacity strengthening program

bdquoরমজানে বাজার ধেয়নতরনণ হারড লাইনে সরকার‟ Bangladesh Protidin 14 june 2013)

lsquoপরধতশরধত রাখনেে ো বযবসায়ীরা ধসধিনকনের কবনল ধেতয পনণযর বাজার Dainik Ajkaler Khobor

29 June 2014)

lsquoবযবসায়ীরা ভবপনরায়া Nayadiganta 1 august 2014

lsquoধবষমকত খাদয ধেধিতকরণগহীত বযবসথা ও করণীয় পরনকৌশলী ভমাোঃ আবদস ভসাবহাে

ধেবডাহী সািারণ সমপাদক পবা 2013

lsquoভ াকতা অধিকার লংঘনে চার বেনর অধ ন াগ ১০৯টি Jugantor 12 November 2014)

lsquoজীবাণনত শধকতশালী বাজানরর ভবাতলজাত তরকম পাধে Jugantor12 february2014

gtgtWikipedia Dhaka South City Corporation Last accessed on2015 Web 31 Jan 2015

gtgtNational Commodity Prices Department of Agricultural Marketing (2012 ) Ministry of

Agriculture Government of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh [wwwdamgovbd]

gtgtThe Rice Crisis Markets Policies and Food Security London(2010) D (Ed) Food

and Agricultural Organizations of the United Nations (FAO) and Earthscan

Horticulture Baseline Production and Marketing Survey (1997) Vol II Main Report

gtgtFood and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations Engineering and Planning

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 49: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

48

Consultants Ltd Dhaka Bangladesh 299p

gtgtStructure and Efficiency Analysis of Vegetable Production and Marketing-in SindhFM (2

009) Pakistan PhD Thesis Department of Agricultural Economics Faculty of-Agricultural

Social Sciences Sindh Agricultural University Pakistan p 223

gtgtKreta-Bhokta andoloner sharuph (2007) CAB Dhaka

gtgtConsumers‟ right protection act (2009)

gtgtCity Corporation act (2009)

gtgtTrading Corporation order (1972)

Websites

httpwwwtcbgovbd

httpwwwmincomgovbd

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 50: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

49

Appendix A Questionnaire

Bazaar Monitoring A study over kitchen markets of DSCC

The purpose of the research is to assess the extent and of Bazaar monitoring of Dhaka

South City Corporation with a view to understand consumers‟ and sellers‟ perception and

experience The study is being undertaken for partial fulfillment of the requirement of

Applied Research of public administration University of Dhaka Data collected through

this questionnaire will be used for research purpose only

Group bdquo10‟ 8th semester Dept of Public Administration

University of Dhaka

Put bdquoTick‟ () mark or describe where necessary

Name ___________________ Age ______ Gender Male Female

Professional_______________

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC Yes No

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market Yes No

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities Yes No

If expired product found what is your step

_________________________________________

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities Why you take

voucher________________________________________________________________

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price Yes No

7 What is you step if sellers claim overprice

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 51: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

50

____________________________________________________________________

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

Yes No

If yes when do you see it

(a) Daily (b) weekly (c) monthly (d) during Ramadan (e) seasonally______________________

______________________________________________

What kind of punishment was executed

_____________________________________________________________________

9 bdquoIt is too hard to complain to DSCC market monitoring standing committee‟ do you

agree with the statement

a) strongly agree b) moderate c) disagree d) strongly disagree

10 Have you ever demonstrated participated in human-chain against market

irregularities

Yes No If not why ________________________________

11 Please indicate the extent to which you agree with the following statements by

marking with a tick on the appropriate box

Statement completely

disagree

partially

disagree

Neutral partially

agree

completely

agree

Price Chart

is followed

Monitoring

Regularly

Punishment is

enough

1= strongly disagree 2= partially disagree 3= neutral 4= partially agree 5= strongly agree

THANK YOU FOR YOU KIND COOPERATION

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question

Page 52: Effectiveness of market monitoring: A case study on Kitchen markets of Dhaka South City Corporation

51

Appendix B

JDI subscale

Subscales strongly

disagree

partially

agree

neutral partially

agree

strongly

agree

follow price chart 213 301 18 1734 13

punishment is

adequate

3038 3038 217 868 868

Monitoring regularly 3038 1734 13 26 0

Percentage may not be aggregated to 100 as all 23 respondents didn‟t answer some questions

Appendix C

Data of questionnaire

QN question Yes

()

Yes

()

No

()

No

()

1 Do you know about the Bazaar monitoring system of DSCC 32 71 13 29

2 Have you ever seen price chart in market 23 51 22 49

3 Is price chart updated on regular basis

4 17 23 83

4 Do you watch expire date of commodities

29 60 10 22

5 Do you receive voucher against purchased commodities

16 35 18 39

6 Do you bargain with sellers to follow chart price

7 30 8 34

8 Have you ever exposed with DSCC campaign against malpractice in market

17 37 25 55

In data analysis Male female variation shown

Question seven is open ended question