ELEMENTS OF

MANAGEMENT

NANELYN T. BONTOYANStudent, PhD.ED

MANAGEMENT– Is the science of making people and resources

productive.– It is the process of planning, organizing, directing

and controlling the available resources of the organization to achieve its goals and objectives.

PLANNING– Is the determination of the course of action to achieve the

desired results.

– “Planning is deciding in advance - what to do, when to do & how to do. It bridges the gap from where we are & where we want to be”.

– Planning is necessary to ensure proper utilization of human & non-human resources. It is all pervasive, it is an intellectual activity and it also helps in avoiding confusion.

THE ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING PROCESS

A. FORECASTINGIt is systematic approach to probe the future business events from available data and information.

It is a mathematical technique of analysis to predict the frame of reference which the activities are likely to happen.

SWOT Analysis

THE ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING PROCESS

B. OBJECTIVES

It refers to the goals that put into specific terms the mission and vision of the organization in

operational terms.

THE ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING PROCESS

C. COMPANY POLICY

It refers to the goals that put into specific terms the mission and vision of the organization in

operational terms.

THE ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING PROCESS

D. PROGRAM

It is the sequential line of activities to implement policies and designed plans.

It is the step by step approach to guide the necessary action towards the predetermined goals.

THE ELEMENTS OF EFFECTIVE PLANNING PROCESS

E. PROCEDURE

To simplify the work how it is to be done.

F. BUDGETS

It is an estimate of how much money is required for the activities to take off.

ORGANIZING– According to Henry Fayol, “To organize a business is to provide it

with everything useful or its functioning i.e. raw material, tools, capital and personnel’s”.

– Organizing involves designating tasks and responsibilities to employees with the specific skill sets needed to complete the tasks. Organizing also involves developing the organizational structure and chain of command within the company.

ORGANIZING– Organizing as a process involves:

Identification of activities.

Classification of grouping of activities.

Assignment of duties.

Delegation of authority and creation of responsibility.

Coordinating authority and responsibility relationships.

EFFECTIVE ORGANIZING TIPS THAT DELIVER RESULTS

1. Keep a visible plan of action.

2. List items and schedules.

3. Develop happy people at work.

4. Organize your files and other items.

5. Religiously comply with your commitment.

6. Keep in touch.

STAFFING– According to Koontz & ODonnell, “Managerial function of staffing

involves manning the organization structure through proper and effective selection, appraisal & development of personnel to fill the roles designed un the structure”.

– The main purpose of staffing is to hire the right people for the right jobs to achieve the objectives of the organization.

STAFFING– It involves:

– Manpower Planning (estimating man power in terms of searching, choose the person and giving the right place).

– Recruitment, selection & placement.

– Training & development.

– Remuneration.

– Performance appraisal.

– Promotions & transfer.

DIRECTING/LEADING– It is that part of managerial function which actuates the

organizational methods to work efficiently for achievement of organizational purposes.

– Leading involves the social and informal sources of influence that you use to inspire action taken by others. If managers are effective leaders, their subordinates will be enthusiastic about exerting effort to attain organizational objectives.

DIRECTING/LEADING– Direction has following elements:

Supervision Motivation Leadership Communication

COORDINATING– The coordinating function of leadership controls all the

organizing, planning and staffing activities of the company and ensures all activities function together for the good of the organization.

– Coordinating involves communication, supervision and direction by management.

CONTROLLING– According to Koontz & ODonnell “Controlling is the

measurement & correction of performance activities of subordinates in order to make sure that the enterprise objectives and plans desired to obtain them as being accomplished”.

– The purpose of controlling is to ensure that everything occurs in conformities with the standards.

CONTROLLING– It has following steps:

Establishment of standard performance. Measurement of actual performance. Comparison of actual performance with the

standards and finding out deviation if any. Corrective action

MOTIVATING– encourage people to take more interest and initiative in the work

assigned.

– Organizations prosper when the employees are motivated through special efforts including provision of facilities and incentives

COMMUNICATING– Communication (written or oral) is necessary for the exchange of

facts, opinions, ideas and information between individual’s and departments. In an organization, communication is useful for giving information, guidance and instructions.

– "Communication involves a systematic and continuing process of telling, listening and understanding".