BELLRINGERS

3. What is the difference between a producer and a consumer?

4. Why are producers important to the survival of all other organisms?

5. What cell structures are needed for photosynthesis? For cellular respiration?

2. What do seaweed, a cherry tree and the algae growing on the side of a fish aquarium all have in common?

1. Complete the “I think it means” sections of the vocab page of your new packet.

BELLRINGERS

8. In which cells would you expect to find the greatest number of mitochondria: cells that are very active or cells that are not very active? Why? Name a type of cell that would demonstrate the answer to this question.

7. What does breathing have to do with cellular respiration?

6. Explain the role of glucose (food) in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

9. Complete the “Definition in My Own Words” section of your vocabulary sheet.

ENERGY ROLES (JOBS) IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Each organism in an ecosystem has a role or niche

• Producers – mostly plants, make their own food through photosynthesis

• Role – to provide food (energy) for all living things

CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFEAll living things use energy

How do living things get and use energy?Through a process

called The Carbon

Dioxide/Oxygen CyclePhotosynthesis

and Cellular Respiration are parts of this cycle

PHOTOSYNTHESISTHE PROCESS BY WHICH GREEN PLANTS USE LIGHT, WATER AND CARBON DIOXIDE TO MAKE FOOD AND MAKE THE SUN’S ENERGY AVAILABLE TO ALL LIVING THINGS.

HOW DOES THE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENTER

THE PLANTCarbon Dioxide – enters the plant through a pore called a STOMATA.

Water – enters the plant through the roots and is carried up the stem by the XYLEM. Water leaves the plant through the STOMATA.

Oxygen – leaves the plant by the STOMATA.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

CHLOROPHYLL IN THE CHLOROPLASTS TRAP SUNLIGHT

SUGAR PRODUCED IS

CALLED GLUCOSEC6H1206

CO2

H2O O2 IS A

WASTE

PRODUCT

The chemical reaction looks like this:

carbon dioxide + water + sunlight produces glucose + oxygen

6 CO2 ......+ 6 H2O + ...Energy ...---> ... C6H12O6 + ...6 O2

 

Remember, THE BONDS that hold GLUCOSE together CONTAIN THE ENERGY FROM THE SUN........................

Photosynthesis: This is the chemical reaction on Earth which allows the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to remain constant. Photosynthesis removes 60 million tons of carbon dioxide from the air each year. It occurs in all green plants on the surface of the Earth and also in the algae (seaweed) and in plankton (one-celled organisms) living near the surface of bodies of water (such as the ocean).

GLOBAL WARMING“Global warming" refers to the rise in the Earth's temperature resulting from an increase in heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/climate/evidence/greenhouse_effect_img.shtml

All animals produce carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is increasing in the atmosphere and plant number are going down. SO carbon dioxide levels are going up and oxygen levels are going down.

As the concentration of these gases grows, more heat is trapped by the atmosphere and less escapes back into space. Since carbon dioxide is a heavier molecule than oxygen, it traps in heat.This increase in heat changes the climate, causing altered weather patterns that can bring unusually intense precipitation or dry spells and more severe storms.

Scientists have concluded that human activities are contributing to global warming by adding large amounts of heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere. Our fossil fuel use is the main source of these gases.

Every time we drive a car, use electricity from coal-fired power plants, or heat our homes with oil or natural gas, we release carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases into the air.

The second most important source of greenhouse gases is deforestation, mainly in the tropics, and other land-use changes.

Finally, photosynthesis is the only way our planet can regenerate oxygen gas (O2) for respiration of living things. Without oxygen to breathe, aerobic life would not exist.

Oxygen is the product of photosynthesis. Without oxygen, all animal and human life (including oxygen loving decomposing bacteria) would die.

Oxygen is used by living things to break down food so that energy can be released.

Without oxygen gas, nothing would be

able to burn.

ENERGY ROLES (JOBS) IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Consumers – must eat (consume) other organisms to get energy.– Herbivores – eat only plants– Carnivores – eat herbivores &

carnivores– Omnivores – eat plants,

herbivores, and carnivores

ENERGY ROLES (JOBS) IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Scavengers are organism that eat dead animal remains– buzzards- snails– hyenas - flies

ENERGY ROLES (JOBS) IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Decomposers are organisms that break down dead matter into the smallest particles

BACTERIAFUNGI

ENERGY ROLES (JOBS) IN ECOSYSTEMS

– Bacteria are decomposers that break down animal remains.

– Role: returns materials to the soil, clean up the environment

– Fungus are decomposers that break down plant material and returns materials back to the soil

Cellular Respiration is the process used by living cells to break down sugar molecules (glucose) that living things get when eating plants or animals. Energy is then released from the glucose during this process.

HOW DOES GLUCOSE GET INTO YOUR CELLS•Food containing glucose goes to your stomach and small intestines where food is digested.•The glucose is absorbed through the walls of the small intestines.•The blood carries the glucose to your cells for cellular respiration to occur. •At the same time, oxygen is breathed in the lungs, picked up by the red blood cells and transported to every cell in the body

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

MITOCHONDRIA

Glucose and Oxygen goes to the mitochondria of a cell.

Energy is released from food in the mitochondria.

Oxygen is the key that unlocks the energy.

C6H1206

O2

H20

CO2

ENERGYRELEASED

Water and carbon dioxide are waste products

This breakdown involves oxygen and results in the production of energy, carbon dioxide and water:

C6H12O6 ..+ ....6 O2 ..--> ...6 CO2 ...+ 6 H2O .+ ...E . glucose oxygen carbon water energy

dioxide

BELLRINGERS

3. What is the difference between a producer and a consumer?

4. Why are producers important to the survival of all other organisms?

5. What cell structures are needed for photosynthesis? For cellular respiration?

2. What do seaweed, a cherry tree and the algae growing on the side of a fish aquarium all have in common?

1. Complete the “I think it means” sections of the vocab page of your new packet.

BELLRINGERS

8. In which cells would you expect to find the greatest number of mitochondria: cells that are very active or cells that are not very active? Why? Name a type of cell that would demonstrate the answer to this question.

7. What does breathing have to do with cellular respiration?

6. Explain the role of glucose (food) in both photosynthesis and cellular respiration.

9. Complete the “Definition in My Own Words” section of your vocabulary sheet.

HOW DOES THE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS ENTER

THE PLANTCarbon Dioxide – enters the plant through a pore called a STOMATA.

Water – enters the plant through the roots and is carried up the stem by the XYLEM. Water leaves the plant through the STOMATA.

Oxygen – leaves the plant by the STOMATA.

SUGAR PRODUCED IS

CALLED GLUCOSEC6H1206

CO2

H2O O2 IS A

WASTE

PRODUCT

HOW DOES GLUCOSE GET INTO YOUR CELLS•Food containing glucose goes to your stomach and small intestines where food is digested.•The glucose is absorbed through the walls of the small intestines.•The blood carries the glucose to your cells for cellular respiration to occur. •At the same time, oxygen is breathed in the lungs, picked up by the red blood cells and transported to every cell in the body

C6H1206

O2

H20

CO2

ENERGYRELEASED

Water and carbon dioxide are waste products

BELLRINGER

Pick out two food chains from this

food web.

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS

•A food chain shows one possible path for the flow of energy for a particular organism in an ecosystem.

PRODUCER 1ST LEVEL CONSUMER

2ND LEVELCONSUMER

3RD LEVELCONSUMER

DECOMPOSER

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS

• Plants (producers) are always the 1st organism in any food chain and at the base of the energy pyramid

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS• A food web is the many overlapping food

chains in an ecosystem• Shows relationships & dependencies to

others

ENERGY FLOW IN ECOSYSTEMS•Shows the flow of energy in a food chain with less energy as each level goes up

Producers: most energy directly from

the Sun

1st level Consumers: less

energy always herbivores

2nd & 3rd level consumers:

even less energy

BELLRINGER

1

2

3

41. Label the levels.2. Name this diagram.3. What does this

diagram show us?

BELLRINGERS Make a list of all the reasons why a cell might need energy.

Construct a mini food web from this tablePRODUCER 1ST LEVEL 2ND LEVEL 3RD LEVEL

GRASS CRICKET SNAKE OWL

SEEDS GRASS-HOPPER

ROBIN WEASEL

    MICE  

BELLRINGER 1. Name this cycle in nature.

2. What two processes are going on in this picture?

ORQ – POPULATIONS AND ECOSYSTEMS

A. The name of the cycle is carbon dioxide/ oxygen cycle.B. The role of the plant in this ecosystem is producer. The 1st way the cow depends on the plant is for food/energy. The plant provides the cow with food (glucose) with the Sun’s energy stored inside. The 2nd way the cow depends on the plant is for oxygen. The waste product of photosynthesis is oxygen. Oxygen is needed by the cow t ocarry on respiration.C. The role of the cow is consumer. The plant depends on the cow for carbon dioxide and water to start the photosynthesis.

Living things use energy ORQa. Grass – mice – foxes

Grass – grasshoppers – birds – hawksShrubs – rabbits – hawks

b. Biotic – all the living things Abiotic – oxygen, temperature, water, sunlight, soil

quality etc

Biotic Factor – shrubs affect rabbits because they are the rabbits main food source. If the shrubs were infected with some sort of disease and their population declined, this would also cause a decline in the rabbits population.Abiotic Factor – Soil quality could affect the rabbits in that if the soil is not fertile, then the shrubs would not be healthy and numerous. Since the shrubs are the rabbits main food source, it they are not abundant, the rabbits population could be affected.

c. Foxes and mice, mice and hawks, rabbits and foxes, birds and hawks, grasshoppers and birds.

Fox and Mice – When the mice population increases the fox population will increase but shortly after the mice. This is because the mice are a food source for the foxes. When the foxes have plenty of food, then they can reproduce in greater numbers. When the mice population decreases, then the fox population with decrease but shortly after the mice. This is because the foxes will have to rely on other food sources other than mice and since food is not as plentiful, they will not be reproducing in large numbers.

d. Animals depend on plants for the glucose and oxygen they produce during the process of photosynthesis. Glucose feeds the animals cells and oxygen is needed to release the energy from the food. Plants depend on the animals for the carbon dioxide and water they exhale for photosynthesis.