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KRNDRIYA VIDYALAYA DHARPROJECT
TOPICS:-TENSES AND COMPOSITIONSUB:-ENGLISH
SUMITED TO:-SUMTED BY:-
MR.NAND KISHOR
VIPUL CHOUDHARYCLASS:- 9TH ‘A’ROLL NO. :-40
TENSES.E-MAIL.NOTICE.
TENSES
Tenses are the form taken by a verb to show the time of an action or the state of an event.
There are three tenses : The Present Tense The Past Tense The Future Tense.
TENSES : MEANING
Each of the three tenses has four forms or sub-divisions to show continuity or completeness of the action and time. These are :
1. Indefinite2. Continuous or Imperfect3. Perfect4. Perfect Continuous
Tense Indefinite
Continuous
Perfect
Perfect Continuous
Present
Play (s) Is / Am / Are Playing
Has / Have Played
Has / Have been Playing
Past Played Was / Were Playing
Had Played
Had been Playing
Future
Will / Shall Play
Will / Shall be Playing
Will / Shall Have Played
Will / Shall have been Playing
Table Of English Tenses
o The Indefinite Tense does not indicate whether the action is complete or not.
o The Continuous (Imperfect) Tense that the action is still going on.
o The Perfect Tense indicates that the action is complete , finished or perfect.
o The Perfect Continuous Tense indicates that the action began in the past and is still continuing.
Subject + Verb1 + Object
Expresses a general truth or an action that is occurring now
Eg : The sun rises from the east. Expresses an action that occurs regularly or habitually
Eg : She goes to the school regularly.
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : They play.
Negative Sentences : They do not play.
Interrogative Sentences : Do they play ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Do they not play ?
Subject + Is/Am/Are + V1 + ing + Object.
The present continuous tense is used to express an action which is happening at a particular time in the present or extending over a period of present time.
PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : You are playing.
Negative Sentences : You are not playing.
Interrogative Sentences : Are you playing ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Are you not playing ?
Subject + has/have + V3 + Object.Has -> Singular , Have -> Plural.
The present perfect tense denotes an action that was started in the past and has just been completed.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : I have played.
Negative Sentences : I have not played.
Interrogative Sentences : Have I played ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Have I not played ?
Subject + has/have + been + V1 + ing + Object
The present perfect tense is used when an action that started in the past is still continuing.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : We have been playing.
Negative Sentences : We have not been playing.
Interrogative Sentences : Have we been playing ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Have we not been playing ?
Subject + V2 + Object.
The simple past tense is used for an action which happened at a particular time in the past.
SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : I played.
Negative Sentences : I did not play.
Interrogative Sentences : Did I play ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Did I not played ?
Subject + was/were + V1 + ing + Object.
The past continuous tense is used for an action which was happening at a particular time in the past.
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : Boys were playing.
Negative Sentences : Boys were not playing.
Interrogative Sentences : Were boys playing ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Were boys not playing ?
Subject + had + V3 + Object.
The past perfect tense is used to express an action that was completed before another action started in the past. It is used with the earlier of the two actions. The simple past tense is used with the other action.
PAST PERFECT TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : Sheila had played.
Negative Sentences : Sheila had not played.
Interrogative Sentences : Had Sheila played?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Had Sheila not played ?
Subject + had + been + V1 + Object.
The past perfect continuous tense is used for an action that began before a certain point in the past and continued up to that point.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : Ria had been playing.
Negative Sentences : Ria had not been playing.
Interrogative Sentences : Had Ria been playing?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Had Ria not been playing ?
Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object.
The simple future tense is used for an action that will take place at particular time in the future.
SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : Ravi will play.
Negative Sentences : Ravi will not play.
Interrogative Sentences : Will Ravi play ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Will Ravi not play ?
Subject + will/shall + be +V1 + ing + Object
The future continuous tense is used to express an action which will be in progress at a particular time in the future.
FUTURE CONTINUOS TENSE
Affirmative sentences : I will be playing.
Negative sentences : I will not be playing.
Interrogative sentences : Shall I be playing?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Shall I not be playing?
Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + Object.
Future perfect tense is used to indicate the completion of an action by a certain period of time in the future.
Future perfect tense
Affirmative Sentences : She will have played.
Negative Sentences : She will not have played.
Interrogative Sentences : Will she have played?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Will she not have played?
Subject + shall/will +have been + V1 + ing + Object.
The future perfect tense is used when an action is to continue up to a certain point of time in the future.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
Affirmative Sentences : Raj will have been playing.
Negative Sentences : Raj will not have been playing.
Interrogative Sentences : Will Raj have been playing ?
Negative Interrogative Sentences : Will Raj not have been playing ?
COMPOSITION
E-MAILS
TO:- [email protected]:-About my schoolThe name of my school is Kendriya Vidyalaya Dhar.My
school is cbse affiliated.The principle of my school is Mrs. Shraddha Jha.My school has 12 standards and each standard has 2 sections.My school has a large campus full of greenery.The school has 2 floors.My school has a very big play ground.My school has a physics lab,chemistry lab, biology lab, computer lab, music room, sports room and a medical room.The library of my school is very big and has a large variety of books.My school has almost 1000 students.The students are divided into 4 houses that are Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn.Various competitions are oraganized between these 4 groups.My school has a great environment of academics as well extra curricular activities.I love my school very much.
1ST E-MAIL :-
TO:[email protected]:-My sportsMy favourite sport is badminton.
Badminton is a racquet sport played using racquets to hit a shuttlecock across a net. Although it may be played with larger teams, the most common forms of the game are "singles" (with one player per side) and "doubles" (with two players per side). Badminton is often played as a casual outdoor activity in a yard or on a beach; formal games are played on a rectangular indoor court. Points are scored by striking the shuttlecock with the racquet[1] and landing it within the opposing side's half of the court.
2ND E-MAIL :-
TO:[email protected]:-Three men in a boatThree Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of
the Dog),published in 1889, is a humorous account by English writer Jerome K. Jerome of a two-week boating holiday on the Thames from Kingston upon Thames to Oxford and back to Kingston. The book was initially intended to be a serious travel guide,with accounts of local history along the route, but the humorous elements took over to the point where the serious and somewhat sentimental passages seem a distraction to the comic novel. One of the most praised things about Three Men in a Boat is how undated it appears to modern readers – the jokes seem fresh and witty even today.
3rd E-MAIL :-
KENDRIYA VIYAYLAYA DHAR NOTICEDate:-3/6/16 LOST LOST LOST I am VIPUL CHOUDHAR from 9th A had lost a
book in playground of our school. The name of book is Sherlock Holemes. In the front cover of my book my name is also written. Anybody who found book give it to the library mam or me in class 9th A.
THANK YOU VIPUL CHOUDHARY9TH ‘A’
1ST NOTICE :-
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA DHAR NOTICEDate:-3/6/16 FOUND FOUND FOUND A pen is found in the school library
on the third tabel. The colour of pen is black and grey . It is penket black ball point pen. The pen is given to the secondary CCA incharge , so whoes penket black pen is lost , take it from incharge.
THANK YOU
SCHOOL CAPTAINVIPUL CHOUDHARY
2ND NOTICE :-
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA DHAR NOTICEDate:-3/6/16 DRAWING COMPETION It is necessary to inform all the
students that a drawing competition is going to held in our school at 6 june 2016 . Those who want to take participate in this competition talk to our drawing teacher . For more information log on to the website of our school or ask it from mr. Anand IYER sir.
CCA INCHARGEVIPUL CHOUDHARY
3RD NOTICE :-
MADE BY : VIPUL
CHOUDHARY9TH
‘A’
