Environmental Management System - EMAS - Cluster Approach - Michele preziosi UniRomaTre

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS)��

Cluster Approach Dott. Michele Preziosi

PHD Candidate University RomaTre – Business Department Technology for Sustainable Innovation and Production

November 2013

SUMMARY THE ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AND TOOLS

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ISO 14001 STANDARD

EMAS REGULATION

EMAS CLUSTER APPROACH

SURVEY ON EMAS IN ITALIAN CLUSTERS

Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE

• Interdependent relationship between economy and natural system

• From the 60s evidence of the correlation between economic development and degradation of environmental conditions


ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ��limits of growth

• 1972 Limits of Growth: Evidence precarious balance of the environmental system due to human activity. Rapid approach to global ecological limits (carrying capacity)

• 2004 last edition of the Report: continues condition of unsustainable economic system


ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ��main consequences

Climate Change Pollution Waste Desertification and Water Biodiversity Resouces


ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ��ecologic footprint

Country ecologic footprint 2008*!

Global footprint evolution 1961-2008* "

*Living Planet Report 2012


ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE ��international community

• 1972 Conference on the Human Environment

• 1987 Report Bruntdland

• 1992 Rio Conference

• 1997 Kyoto Protocol

• 2002 Johannesburg Conference

• 2012 Earth Summit Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable

Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES

Market failure "

Negative externalities "

Environmental policies "

Max social benefit Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ��Command and Control

•  60s and 70s

•  Imposition of sandard in the presence of sanction mechanisms

•  Logic and authoritative imposition

•  Acts of planning, imposition of limits to emissions, technical regulations, permission of discharges, fines, etc..

•  Mechanisms rigid and often inefficient

•  Rigid constraints discourage the market introduction of new products or the use of the most advanced production techniques, penalizing investments


ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ��Market-based tools

• 80s and 90s

• Market-oriented, flexible, long-term perspective

• Stimulate spontaneous investment on environment

• Taxes, incentives, subsidies, emissions trading schemes (e.g. Kyoto)


ENVIRONMENAL POLICIES ��Voluntary tools

• 90s • Public opinion pressure - Legislative pressure – Consumer

awareness "

• Multiple stakeholders with not only economic instances "

•  Integration of environmental protection in the decision-making processes

" •  Synergistic connection between competitiveness and sustainability !Green Economy


THE FIRMS AND ENVIRONMENT

Opportunistic approach

•  They take input (resources)

•  Emit Output (emissions and waste)

" Negative externalities on

society are not considered

Reactive approach

•  Environmental Legislation

•  Increased stakeholder pressures

" Respect legal

constraints to avoid sanctions

Proactive Approach

Globalization of markets

Need for competitive differentiation

" Strategic environment

variable and dissemination voluntary

instruments Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (EMS)

“The part of the overall management system that includes organizational structure, planning activities, responsibilities,

practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and

maintaining the environmental policy”*

* ISO 14001:2004


EMS��Goals

1.  Identify, analyze and prevent environmental impacts

2.  Improvement of environmental performance 3.  Interaction with stakeholders

" Sustainability of the processes

Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


EMS Principles:��Deming Cycle

•  Structure •  Responsability •  Training •  Communication

•  Monitoring •  Measure •  Registration •  Audit

•  Environmental Policy •  Objectives and targets

•  Management Review •  Continuos

Improvement

ACT Stabilize or correct and

restart the cycle of intervention

PLAN Design and

Project

DO Act and

Implement

CHECK Control


EMS��PDCA to EMS

Environmental Review! environmental aspects

Environmental Policy ! objectives

Planning ! actions - modality

Implementation ! action plan

Evaluation ! evaluate objectives and targets

Review! Management - feedback for improvement Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


EMS ��Benefits

Costs Reduction

• Production • Sanctions • Insurance • Credit

Risk Minimization

• Accidents • Legal Liability

Legal Compliance

• Mandatory regulation

• Public Authority

• Controls

Stakeholder Relationship

• Internal • External

Competitive Advantages

• Authorization • Management

efficiency • GPP • Company

value


INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS

British Standard Institution

• BS 7750:1992 • BS 7750:1994

ISO 14001

• ISO 14001:1996

• ISO 14001:2004

EMAS

• EC Reg. 1836/1993

• EC Reg. 716/2001

• EC Reg. 1221/2009


ISO 14.001��Features

International Organization for Standardization – 1947 – Geneva Uruguay Round – GATT – 1986/94 ISO 14.000 family, standard for environmental management All kind of organizations PDCA methodology Voluntary partecipation System standard – No specific environmental targets ACCREDIA Italy: 8.827 certified organizations – 2013*

* ACCREDIA Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


ISO 14.001��Phases

Environmental Review

Environmental Policy

Planning

Implementation

Monitoring, Measuring and

Audit

Management Review Act

Plan

Check

Do Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


EC & ENVIRONMENT •  1957 Treaty of Rome EEC: harmonization rules for the free circulation of

goods •  1972 First Environmental Action Programme •  70s: Guidelines for disposal of waste oils (n.439/75) and waste disposal (n.

442/75) •  1986 Single European Act: •  Art.130R “principles that preventive action should be taken, that

environmental damage should as a priority be rectified at source, and that the polluter should pay. Environmental protection requirements shall be a component of the Community’s other policies”

•  Art.130 T Principle of "greater environmental protection", “Art.130R shall not prevent any Member State from maintaining or introducing more stringent protective measures compatible with this Treaty.”


EC & ENVIRONMENT •  1992 Maastricht Treaty •  Art.2 "a sustainable and non-inflationary growth respecting

the environment" •  Art.2 "a balanced development, sustainable and

harmonious ... a high level of environmental protection and improvement of the quality"

•  2000 Nice Declaration •  Art.37 "high level of environmental protection and the

improvement of its quality must be integrated into the policies of the Union and ensured in accordance with the principle of sustainable development" Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


EC & ENVIRONMENT ��Environmental Action Plans (EAP)

•  Addressing the Community environmental action. Seven years duration, direct the policies and priorities of the European action for the environment.

•  Into force "Living well within the limits of our planet” •  In the fifth "Towards Sustainability" (1992-99) with C&C

instruments also “informative” environmental policy instruments as the European EMS: the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS)

" Self-regulation - shared responsibility - voluntary


ECO MANAGEMENT AND ��AUDIT SCHEME (EMAS)

EC Reg.1836/1993 – EMAS I

• Reference to "production sites"

• Manufacturing industry

• Direct environmental aspects


EMAS

EC Reg. 761/2001 – EMAS II

•  EC Regulation 761/2001 - EMAS II

•  Reference to the whole "organization" •  Extending applicability scheme to all sectors

•  Employee participation •  Incentives and involvement of SMEs

•  Account indirect environmental effects

•  Integration with ISO 14001 •  Guidelines


EMAS

EC Reg.1221/2009 – EMAS III

• Cumulative registration: "Corporate" - "Global"

• Environmental performance Key Indicators

• Renewal 4 years for SMEs, updates every 2 years

• Assistance of the Member States in clusters (art.37)


EMAS ��Phases to Registration

1.  Environmental Review 2.  Environmental Policy 3.  Planning 4.  Implementation and operation 5.  Audit 6.  Management Review 7.  Environmental Statement Registration Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


EMAS ��Environmental Review

• Identification of the applicable legal requirements relating to the environment

• Identification of all direct and indirect environmental aspects with a significant impact on the environment

• Description of the criteria for assessing the significance of the environmental impact


EMAS ��Environmental Policy

• Declaration of intent, defines general orientation and principles of action.

• Defined by Top Management • Continuous performance improvement • Principle of prevention • Regulatory Compliance • Tool for internal and external communication • Available to the public


EMAS ��Planning

1.  Environmental aspects: identify the environmental aspects of its activities and significance

2.  Legal requirements: identify and have access to the applicable legal requirements and their application to environmental aspects

3.  Objectives – Targets - Programmes • Objective: “overall environmental goal” • Target: “detailed performance requirement” • Programmes: “measures, responsibilities and means”


EMAS ��Implementation and operation

1.  Resources, roles, responsibility and authority 2.  Competence, training and awareness 3.  Communication 4.  Documentation 5.  Control of documents 6.  Operational control 7.  Emergency preparedness and response


EMAS ��Check

1.  Monitoring and measurement 2.  Evaluation of compliance 3.  Non-conformity, corrective action and

preventive action 4.  Control of records 5.  Internal audit (first party)


EMAS ��Management Review

• Top management • Review of: -  Internal Audit - Received Communications -  Env. Performances - Meet of objectives & targets - Status of corrective and

preventive actions - Follow-up actions from

previous management reviews - recommendations for

improvement

•  Improvement actions

•  Possible changes •  Rearrangement of

resources ê

Continuous improvement

!


EMAS ��Environmental Statement

• Tool for a transparent communication with the public on the commitments made, progress and outcomes

• Mandatory • External image enhancement • Valid for three years and annually updated


EMAS ��Environmental Statement

Contains: • Organization description • Environmental Policy and EMS • Direct and Indirect environmental aspects • Objects and Targets • Data • Legal requirements


EMAS ��Registration

1.  Analysis of Accredited Environmental Verifier 2.  Send inquiry to ISPRA 3.  Inquiry outcome to the Competent Body 4.  Success: registration number assignment registration and EMAS certificate


EMAS vs ISO 14001 ISO 14001 EMAS

Competent Authority ISO European Union

Type of regulation International standard European Regulation

Environmental performance No Key Indicators Environmental analysis according to key indicators

Suppliers and contractors Relevant procedures communication Request influence on their behavior

Compliance with regulatory requirements

Only a commitment to comply with the law

Demonstration of compliance required

Accessibility to the public Environmental Policy Mandatory Environmental Statement

Employees involvement Not required Key EMS element

Results System based on a standard Objective verification of performance improvement

Registration Private Accreditation Body Public Authority

Logo Non provided Supplied Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


EMAS ��diffusion

Fonte: European Union, Isprambiente

Italy !#31-12-2012

$European Union 30-6-2013


EMAS ��Italy


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24%

Small 34%

Medium 19%

Large 23%

Distribution for economic activities Type of organizations

Application ��of EMAS Scheme ��

in Clusters Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable


European SMEs

SMEs are responsible for:

- 72% environmental impact

- 41% of GHGs

- 76% hazardous waste



Clusters in Europe Country Clusters Total percentaque*

Germany 269 19.5%

Italy 158 11.4% Spain 104 7.5%

French 103 7.5%

Poland 97 7%

Romania 75 5.4%

Cech Republic 61 4.4%

UK 58 4.2%

Hungary 40 2.9%

Austria 34 2.5%

European Union 2. 516 91,3 % Dott. Michele Preziosi – Technology and Innovation For Sustainable

Innovation – Roma Tre - 2013 *Italian Clusters Observatory

EMAS – Cluster Approach • Role of private and public institutions •  Facilities for SMEs in defined geographical areas

Reg. EC 761/2001 art.11

• Common registration for SMEs •  Synergic cooperation between SMEs of the same area Decision 681/2001

•  Facilities in the phase of audit of SMEs •  Simplification in evaluating the significance of the

environmental aspects of SMEs

Recommendation 680/2001

• Common environmental performance indicators for SMEs Reccommendation 532/2003


Italian Clusters Cluster: “groupings of independent undertakings — innovative start-ups, small, medium and large undertakings as well as research organizations — operating in a particular sector and region and designed to stimulate innovative activity by promoting intensive interactions, sharing of facilities and exchange of knowledge and expertise and by contributing effectively to technology transfer, networking and information dissemination among the undertakings in the cluster”*


Type Total % Total % on employees

Micro (<10) 94,6% 46%

Small (10-49) 4,7% 21,5%

Medium (50-249) 0,5% 12,5%

Large (>249) 0.08% 20%

Italian firms composition:**

86%

12%

2%

Company type in districts:**

Micro Small Medium/Large

* Eu Commission, 2008 ** District Observatory, 2013

Italian Clusters


Districts in Italy* -  156 industrial districts -  25,4% employed (5 million) -  39,3% manufacturing

employment

** District Observatory, 2013 - *** ISTAT, 2001

Economic trends in Italian Districts** -  28,1% added value in

manufacturing sector -  25,6% total export -  6,9% Italian economy added

value

Firsts Italian experiences 1999 Productive pool Bayer Filago

-  Intersocietary Environmental Committee - Common Environmental Programme

" “Extended industrial site”: aggregate of industrial sites involved

2001 Paper District of Capannori

- Cluster Promoter Committee - Common Environmental Programme

" Over 20 registered organizations


Art 37 Reg. EC 1221/2009 – EMAS III “Member States shall encourage local authorities to provide, in participation with

industrial associations, chambers of commerce and other concerned parties, specific assistance to clusters of organizations to meet the requirements for

registration […]” “systems established pursuant shall operate with the objective of avoiding

unnecessary costs for participants, in particular for small organizations”

EMAS III – Cluster Approach

ê • Cluster approach

• Local stakeholders involvement • Support to small companies



Italian EMAS Competent Body Position


Shared sustainable development strategy by identifying a Cluster Managing Committee

EMAS Cluster Certificate

Composition Functions Requirements •  Public bodies – local

authorities •  Private bodies –

Chamber of Commerce, Business Associations

• Improving environmental performance of the cluster

• Diffusion and promotion of EMAS

• Common Environmental Policy / Programme

• Cluster environmental core indicators

• Internal and external communication

Managing Committee Of Clusters


Survey on the application of EMAS ��

in Italian Industrial Clusters


1.  HPA of Ravenna (2006) 2.  Furniture cluster of Livenza (2006)

3.  Tanning cluster of Vicenza area (2007) 4.  Paper cluster of Capannori (2008) 5.  Tanning cluster of Solofra (2009)

6.  Touristic system of the Polesine area (2009) 7.  Tuscany tanning cluster (2010)

8.  Paper cluster of the Frosinone province (2011) 9.  Chemical-pharmaceutical district of Latina (2012)

10.  Clothing district of Empoli (2012) 11.  Footwear district of Lucca (2012)

12.  Textile district of Prato (2012)

Italian Clusters With EMAS Certificate


Goals ! verify the effectiveness of the actions taken by the Cluster Managing Committees in order to:

•  Improve cluster environmental performance •  Improve relationship with local stakeholders •  Diffuse EMAS registration in cluster organizations •  Improve the awareness on EMAS Cluster certificate

Methodology " •  qualitative survey •  multiple choice questions •  Districts: 9 •  Recipients: 5 categories of local stakeholders

Research Goals And Methodology


Category Managing Committee

EMAS Organizations

ISO 14001 Organizations

Municipalities Chambers of Commerce

Population 9 35 67 67 9

Respondents 89% 66% 54% 30% 78%

Sections

- Organizations participation

- Operative modalities - Role of Committees

- EMAS Assessment - Role of Committee

-EMS evaluation -Role of Committee

- Investments for sustainability - Role of Committee

- Investments for sustainability - Role of Committee

Survey: Stakeholder Categories


Improvements obtained with the EMAS Certificate Local stakeholders involvement 4,38

Cluster Environmental Performance 4,25

Organizations environmental awareness 3,50

Increase of EMAS – registered organizations 2,88

Bureaucratic/administrative simplifications 2,63

Ability of the district to attract investments 2,50

Average value 3,35

Critical evaluation

New EMAS Registrations 4,63

Funding supply for organizations 4,57

Support in terms of human resources 4,14

Sharing of operative tools 3,57

Communication with organizations 3,00

Communication with Stakeholders 3,00

Average value 3,82

1 = not important - 6 = very important

Survey: Managing Committees


Environmental performances

Cluster Image

Economic Support

Network Creation

EMAS Cluster Certificate Awareness

Survey: Managing Committee Tasks


Improvement of Clusters image

Mean value

Chambers of Commerce 4,43

EMAS Organizations 4,30

Municipalities 4,28

ISO 14001 Organizations 3,67

Overall mean 4,17


Improvement of Clusters environmental performances

Mean value

Municipalities 4,11




Overall mean 3,68

Survey: District Improvements


Financial support for EMAS registration

Mean value



Municipalities 2,94


Overall mean 2,90


Creation of a network among Clusters organizations

Mean value



Municipalities 3,06


Overall mean 3,24

Survey: Critical Aspects


Companies awareness of EMAS Cluster Certificate:

•  EMAS Organizations ! 72,72%

•  ISO 14001 Organizations ! 50%

Survey: Companies Awareness


•  Image

•  Environmental

performances

•  Increase EMAS

registrations

•  Network creation

•  Awareness

Environmental improvements Capannori Paper district NOx Ton. emissions 2000-2007 1820-1522 Photovoltaic plants 2009-2011 50-245 Separate collection of waste 2007-2011 +8%

Research Findings


•  The EMAS Certificate as strategy to overcome the economic crisis

•  The EMAS Certificate as a tool to improve relationships with local community in industrial clusters

•  European funding opportunity

Future Outlook


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Environmental Management System - EMAS - Cluster Approach - Michele preziosi UniRomaTre