b.stev

Epidemiology

animal disease

TRANSMISSION of DISEASE

DIRECT CONTACT – touch: wounds

mucous membranes

skin with blood/ bite / rub

nose to nose contact

Pathogenic MICROBES infect a population

of animals in a number of different ways

OUTBREAK : analysis of the transmittance

LISTED :

AEROSOL – droplets passed (cough/ sneeze/ urine)

ORAL – object contamined (H2O/ feed/ licking/ chew)

REPRODUCTIVE – mating & foetus

TRAFFIC – vehicle/ trailer carries infection

VECTOR BORNE – insect passes disease

ZOONOTIC – carried: animal to human

ENVIRONMENT – habitat is considered

FORMITE – an object passes from animal-animal

(Iowa State University, 2008)

TRANSMISSION over large areas

in a very short TIME can occur:

MODERN TRANSPORT

DEPENDENT of DISEASE PROPERTIES:

TIMETIME may lapse: 6/ 8 weeks 6/ 8 weeks OR much more

before indication of the disease

becomes obvious & diagnosisdiagnosis confirmed

OUTBREAK: a disease occurs more than expected in a time frame to a specific areaarea

EPIDEMIC: disease appears substantially more times than expectedexpected in a time frame

at different locations – strains may vary.

PANDEMIC: an outbreak is diagnosed over countries countries OR continent/s –continent/s – strains may vary

WHAT is AN

(Wikipedia, 2008)

SURVELLIANCE: records must be kept

immunisation plans

inoculation of animal/s

quarantines performed

migration of animal/s

occurrence of disease

- source of infection

- treatment method

areas of the DNA contain ,codes, that

would differ if it is not a certain strain

HOW IT IS DONE:

Different STRAINS of a disease can be identified by the use of their DNA

This is called: TYPING METHOD

(Wikipedia, 2008)

process:process: HOW > disease has spread

& it’s origin can be better determined

INTERVENTIONinform citizens & parties that require notification:

prevention measures that can be taken

signs to observe in the animal/s

disregard all intended stock movement

if possible: inoculation and quarantine

inspection & advice – VETINARIRIAN

NOTES on DISEASE:o RISK to ALL health - till diagnosis

o LOSS in production

o NOT always preventable

o cause of EMOTIONAL stress

o COST in time/ money/ actiontime/ money/ action

o TIME required to replenish

o CAREFUL observation at all times

o contact the VETVET; if in doubt

Bibliography

Iowa State University. (2008). CFSPH – animal disease information. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from http://www.cfsph.iastate.edu /BRM/resources_list.htm

Wikipedia. (2008). Multilocus sequence typing – wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved September 30, 2008, from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MLST - 37k -