European Beech

(Fagus sylvatica L.)

Cristiana Maria Ciocanea

Index

• Taxonomy

• Distribution

• Morphology

• Phenology

• Threats

Scientific name: Fagus sylvatica L.

(Linnaeus,1753)

Common name: European Beech

Morphology

Height

Trunk

Leaf

Root

Bark Shape

Bud

Leaves

Female flower

Male flower

Fruit

Seeds

Phenology

http://www.arkive.org/beech/fagus-sylvatica/further-info.html http://www.arkive.org/beech/fagus-sylvatica/video-

04.html#text=Find_out_more http://www.arkive.org/beech/fagus-sylvatica/video-00.html

Threats • Pests

Wolly beech aphids

Gypsy moth caterpillar Bark beetle Two-lined chestnut borer

Mikiola fagi

- galls on foliage -

Rhynchaenus fagi

Hartigiola annulipes

- galls on foliage -

• Diseases

Canker Bleeding canker Canker

Fungus - Kretzschmaria deusta

• Anthropogenic effects

o Extension of urban areas

o Pollution

o Human activities

Thank you for your attention!

References

• http://www.onlinegardener.com/trees/Beech.pdf

• http://www.forestpathology.org/canker.html

• http://hyg.ipm.illinois.edu/pastpest/200510f.html

• http://pyrenomycetes.free.fr/kretzschmaria/html/Kretzschmaria_deusta.htm

• http://wapedia.mobi/commons/Fagus_sylvatica#11.

• http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/pa/pa0412_full.html

• http://weltnaturerbe-buchenwaelder.de/en/beech-forests/cultural-history.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica

• http://hedgerowmobile.com/beech.html

• http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/consumer/factsheets/trees-new/fagus_sylvatica.html

• http://botany.cz/en/fagus-sylvatica/

• http://www.arkive.org/beech/fagus-sylvatica/info.html

• http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/hostimages.cfm?sub=10631