EUROPEAN TRANSPORT NETWORKS

Prepared by Caglar Ozpinar

INTRODUCTION

RAILWAY TRANSPORT NETWORKS

INLAND WATERWAYS TRANSPORT NETWORKS

AIR TRANSPORT NETWORKS

ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORKS

EUROPEAN RAILWAY NETWORK

The Trans-European rail network is made up of the Trans-European high-speed rail network

and the Trans-European conventional rail network.

Standards for the rail network are set by the European Railway Agency, in the form of ERA

Technical Specifications for Interoperability(TSI).

EUROPEAN RAILWAY AGENCY(ERA)

The European Railway Agency (ERA) helps to build an integrated European railway area by reinforcing rail safety and promoting interoperability. The Agency also acts as the system authority for the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) project.

THE ERA TECHNICAL SPESIFICATION FOR INTEROPERABILITY(TSI)

The ERA Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI) are specifications drafted by the European Railway Agency and adopted in a Decision by the European Commission.

TSI mean the specifications in order to meet the essential requirements and to ensure the interoperability of the trans-European high speed and conventional rail systems.

EUROPEAN RAIL TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ERTMS is a harmonised command and control system recommended for the European railway network composed of a unique European Train Control System (ETCS) and radio system Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R).

ERTMS Corridors

• Corridor A: Rotterdam-Genoa • Corridor B: Stockholm–Copenhagen–

Hamburg–Munich–Verona–Bologna–Naples • Corridor C: Antwerp–Basel / Lyon • Corridor D: Valencia–Barcelona–Lyon–Turin–

Trieste–Ljubljana–Budapest • Corridor E: Dresden–Prague–Brno–Vienna–

Budapest/Vienna–Constanţa • Corridor F: Aachen–Berlin–Warsaw–Terespol.

INLAND WATERWAYS TRANSPORTATION

GERMANY

Germany provides the most vivid demonstration in Europe of how the economic benefits of naturally navigable rivers can be extended over a vast territory by bold planning and construction of new waterways, starting in the late 19th century and continuing as we enter the 21st.

NETHERLAND

• The Netherlands has the densest network of inland waterways in Europe. About 6000km of rivers and canals, many of the latter serving drainage as well as navigation, form a complex system serving all parts of the country, but with widely varying characteristics, from the tranquil 17th century trekvaarten to the extraordinarily busy Amsterdam-Rhine Canal, completed in 1953.

BELGIUM

• Belgium has a dense network of inland waterways crossing the country's two regions Flanders and Wallonia from east to west and north to south. Much of the total length of about 1600km is now a unified high-capacity network thanks to the vision of Gustave Willems, a former minister of transport and president of PIANC, who in the post-WWII years conceived and promoted vigorously the plan to rebuild all the main routes to European Class IV standard.

ROMANIA

• Romania is by far the most important riparian state on the Danube, extending from km 1075 to the Black Sea. Built between 1975 and 1984, the Danube-Black Sea canal links the Danube (south of the town of Cernavoda) with the Black Sea (at Agigea - Constanta South) and shortens the shipping route to Constanta by about 400 km.…

AİR TRANSPORT NETWORKS

• Despite an extensive road and rail network, most long distance travel within Europe is by air. A large tourism industry also attracts many visitors to Europe, most of whom arrive into one of Europe's many large international airports. Heathrow Airport, London is the busiest airport in the world by number of international passengers (third busiest overall). The advent of low cost carriers in recent years has led to a large increase in air travel within Europe. Air transportation is now often the cheapest way of travelling between cities. This increase in air travel has led to problems of airspace overcrowding and environmental concerns. The Single European Sky is one initiative aimed at solving these problems.

• European Air Transport was founded 1971 in Belgium by two pilots, Mr. Pirlot de CorbionandMr. Dessain, as an airtaxi service. EAT started with a 2 aircraft, a Beech craft Queen Air and a Gardan Horizon. It soon became clear that there was a need for pilots on the Belgian market, so EAT started a pilot training school. In 1973 EAT was the first Piper Flying Centre in Europe.

• Among the different modes of transport, air transport has experienced the fastest growth. However, it must overcome the problem of its infrastructures becoming saturated. The European Union is therefore committed to modernising and adapting the infrastructure to increasing passenger flows, whilstal so improving their rights and safety. In order to do this, the Union is working to implement the Single European Sky. More over, the introduction of optimum traffic management Technologies will enable the challenges related to economic efficiency, safety and respect for the environment to be reconciled.

ROAD TRANSPORT NETWORKS • Road transport is the principal means of transport in

the European Union for both passengers and goods. Today, the European Union has almost one vehicle for every two residents, and road freight traffic represents more than two thirds of the total tonnage. European Union action focuses essentially on controlling the multiple costs of road transport. Transport development must comply with safety requirements as well as environmental protection.

GENERAL IMPORTANCE OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

• Good transport infrastructure and the means for smooth operations are key issues when aiming for stronger European and global integration. A key element of the reinforcement of economic and social cohesion in Europe is the interconnection and interoperability of national networks as well as access to these networks.

ROAD TRANSPORT AS ONE OF A NUMBER OF TRAFFİC MODES

• Road transport and sea transport are the oldest modes of transport in existence. For centuries, road transport was predominantly local or regional

TRANS-EUROPEAN ROAD NETWORK

• The idea of TENs (trans-European networks for transport, energy, and telecommunications) emerged by the end of the 1980s in conjunction with the proposed Single Market of the European Union. ‘It made little sense to talk of a big market, with freedom of movement within it for goods, persons and services, unless the various regions and national networks making up that market were properly linked by modern and efficient infrastructure.’