Evaluate the geographic impact of HIV/AIDS at the local, national and international scales. (SOUTH AFRICA)

By: Alex, Manny, Michael, Rene, Tae Eun

HIV

● Human Immunodeficiency Virus

● RetroViral AIDS

● Progressive failure of the immune system ● Allows infections and cancers to thrive http://www.rkm.com.au/VIRUS/HIV/HIV-images/HIV-virus.jpg

AIDS

● (AIDS) Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

● With no treatment, around 50% people who have HIV develop AIDS within ten years.

● Most common initial conditions showing presence of AIDS are pneumocystis pneumonia and esophageal candidiasis.

● Other common signs include recurring respiratory tract infections.

http://topnews.in/health/files/hiv-aids_3.jpg

Spread of disease

● Relocation

● Expansion

Local Impact

● effects of Apartheid

● lack of education (improving)

● sexual violence

● Poverty, and lack of aid/facilities in poor regions

● Disparity between races (majority affected are black)

● Poorer northern regions affected more

Map showing poverty levels of regions in South Africa & % affected by HIV

KwaZulu-Natal: 25.8%

Western Cape: 5.3%

Free State: 18.5%

Northern Cape: 9.2%

Limpopo:13.7%

Mpumalanga: 25.3%

Northwest: 17.7%

Gauteng: 15.2%

Eastern Cape: 15.2%

National Impact

● Overall Life Expectancy Falling (from ~60 in 1997 to ~50 in 2007)

● Around 10% of Population are HIV-positive

● Requires significant government funds to treat the HIV prevalence in South Africa.

■ Deaths of people due to HIV/AIDS reduces the taxable population

● GDP fell 0.7% per year from 1990-1997

International Impact

How big is the issue?

● Number 6 in the Millennium Development Goal

● Decrease in life expectancy in some countries (especially in Africa)

● estimated 36 million people infected with HIV in world (more than population of Australia: 22.4 million)

● 95% of infected are foundin developing nations

● 4th leading cause of death

Socio-Economic impacts

● 15000 new are infectedeach day○ Majority infected are at working age (huge decline in

workforce

● Costs for healthcare are steadily rising

● Prevention and treatment costs over developing nation’s medical budgets

● Destabilising the various nations demographics

● Major global awareness campaigns (such as world AIDS day)

● UNAIDS was formed

● many nations have had successful prevention/treatment programs○ Uganda has managed to greatly

Response

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Sources