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Slides from my 2011 presentation at Evolution in Norman, OK.
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Evidence for wide-spread hybridization between
two closely related lionfish
Christie WilcoxHawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Evolution 2011
Hybridization
Indo-Pacific: Intermittent Barrier
Indo-Pacific: Intermittent Barrier
Lionfishes: Subfamily Pteroinae
• Unique lineage of Scorpaenidae
• Phenotypic
• Behavioral
• 18 species in 5 genera
• Native to Indo-Pacific
• Commercially & ecologically important
Pterois miles & Pterois volitans
Photo by Opera User AntoniettaPhoto by jostimages.com
• Very similar morphologically
• Considered synonyms until 1986
(Bennett, 1828) (Linnaeus, 1758)
Meristic Differences
Indian: Pterois miles Pacific: Pterois volitans
Dorsal Fin Rays 10 11
Anal Fin Rays 6 7
Pectoral Fin Size Shorter Longer
Spot Size Smaller Larger
Geographic Range
Africa – Indonesia Indonesia – W Pacific
Schultz, 1986
Sister Species
Kochzius, 2003
Freshwater 2009
Overlapping Native Ranges
Pterois miles Pterois volitans
Dorsal Fin Rays 10 11
Anal Fin Rays 6 7
Pectoral Fin Size Shorter Longer
Spot Size Smaller Larger
Geographic Range
Africa – Indonesia Indonesia – W Pacific
Schultz, 1986
Phylogenetic Investigations
• Kochzius et al. 2003– Cyt b & 16 S: monophyletic clades
• Freshwater et al. 2009– Cyt b: monophyletic clades
ONLY mtDNA
Objective
• Investigate the relationship between P. volitans and P. miles using mitochondrial and nuclear loci
• Compare native & invasive range
Indonesia (n=18)
Philippines (n=22)
Taiwan (n=4)
Africa (n=6)
Methods
• Native: 34 P. miles, 38 P. volitans, 10 mixed meristics• PCR amplification
– 1 mtDNA, 3 nDNA
• Genetic Divergence (Arlequin)• Evolutionary Relationships (Network)
Mitochondrial DNA
mtDNALength
(bp)
Sequence Divergence
Pac-Ind Other Pteroinae
COI 602 3.90% 12.0% - 15.5%
Indian (Pterois miles) lineage
Dendrochirus brachypterusBrachypterois serrulata
Parapterois heterura
Dendrochirus zebraPterois sphex
Pterois radiataPterois antemnata Dendrochirus
biocellatus
99
99
93
49
63
25
8
100
around 2.5 mya separation
PacificPacific (Pterois volitans) (Pterois volitans) lineagelineage
Pterois miles
Mitochondrial DNA
Pterois volitans
20 mutations
Cytochrome Oxidase I
Mixed Meristics
Phenotype:
Indian (Pterois miles) lineage PacificPacific (Pterois volitans) (Pterois volitans) lineagelineage
Mitochondrial DNA
Does this same pattern occur in the nucleus?
mtDNALength
(bp)
Sequence Divergence
Pac-Ind Other Pteroinae
COI 602 3.90% 12.0% - 15.5%
Nuclear DNA4174E20 (2.00% divergence)
8680E3 (0.37% divergence)
S7 RP1 (2.47% divergence)Indian (miles) lineagePacificPacific (volitans) (volitans) lineagelineageIndian (miles) lineagePacificPacific (volitans) (volitans) lineagelineage
Indian (miles) lineagePacificPacific (volitans) (volitans) lineagelineage
Pterois miles
Pterois volitans
Mixed Meristics
Phenotype:
mtDNA nDNA
ID # Phenotype COI S7 8680E3 4147E20
Aq12 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq13 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles Hybrid
Aq14 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq15 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq16 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq17 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq19 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. volitans Hybrid
Aq20 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq22 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq24 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. miles
Aq25 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. miles
Aq 26 P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles
Dual (Hybrid) LineageDual (Hybrid) Lineage
Indian (P miles) lineage
PacificPacific (P. volitans) (P. volitans) lineagelineage
mtDNA nDNA
ID # Phenotype COI S7 8680E3 4147E20
Aq12 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq13 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles Hybrid
Aq14 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq15 P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans P. volitans
Aq16 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq17 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles Hybrid Hybrid
Aq19 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. volitans Hybrid
Aq20 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq22 P. volitans P. volitans P. miles P. miles P. miles
Aq24 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. volitans
Aq25 P. miles P. miles P. miles Hybrid P. volitans
Aq 26 P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles P. miles
Dual (Hybrid) LineageDual (Hybrid) Lineage
Indian (P miles) lineage
PacificPacific (P. volitans) (P. volitans) lineagelineage
Hybri
d P
. volita
ns
Genotype:
P.
mile
s
Genotype Spatial Distribution
P. miles P.
volitansHybrid
N = 22
N = 18
N = 3
N = 7
Indonesia
Philippines
Taiwan
N = 4
N = 6
Africa
Genotype:
Morphological Correlation?
Dorsal Fin Rays Anal Fin Rays
Fisher Exact Test, p <0.01 Fisher Exact Test, p <0.01
N = 25
N = 27
N = 17
N = 26
N = 24
N = 18
Genotype Genotype
0% 50% 100%
P volitans
Hybrid
P miles9
10
11
12
0% 50% 100%
P volitans
Hybrid
P miles6
7
Native Range Summary
• Shared haplotypes between species
• Evidence of recombination
• Geographic pattern of genotypes
• Morphological correlation
HYBRIDIZATION
Invasive Species
Photo by Ken Jones.
Invasive Species
Photo by Ken Jones.
One of the top 15 threats to global biodiversity
Sutherland et al., A horizon scan of global conservation issues for 2010, Trends Ecol. Evol. 25 (2010), pp. 1–7.
?mtDNA Data
Says…> 90% P. volitans
< 10% P. milesMethods: 2 P. miles, 38 P. volitans, 17 mixed
Invasive… hybrids?
N = 57
IDed a
s P. vo
lita
ns
Genotype:
P milesHybrid
Hybrid vigor in invasive lionfish?
Future Directions
• Investigate hybridization – Compare native and invasive hybrids
• Thorough geographic sampling
• Population genetics
Thanks to…• Brian Bowen• Laurie Sorensen (UCLA)• D. Wilson Freshwater (UNC Chapel Hill)• Shannon Bennett, Becky Cann• ToBo Labmates
Questions?
Ocean Invasion #9: Lionfish 1, Springbok 0 Daniel DeWitt Brown, Ph.D. © 2010