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Nicki Garces Valancy RasmussenSarah Vornholt
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Exhibiting Collections
LIS 619
Team 4Nicki Garces
Valancy RasmussenSarah Vornholt
October 25, 2011
Agenda
• Introduction to exhibits • The standards in exhibit preservation &
conservation• The use of technology• Short "field trip" to Curator's Choice Exhibition
Introduction to Exhibits
Exhibit:
"A physical object placed on display in a museum, gallery or other public place, usually because of its historical, cultural, or scientific importance or its aesthetic qualities, extraordinary characteristics or monetary value. Libraries typically exhibit rare and valuable books, manuscripts, personal papers and memorabilia associated with authorship, publishing, book history, and reading. Exhibits may be permanent or rotate periodically, depending on the availability of materials suitable for display and the policy of the library."
-ABC-CLIO Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science
Definition (con't)"An exhibit is a physical environment designed for the experience of embedded knowledge."
-Eugene Dillenburg, 2011
• Information of the items are imbedded based on how the items are displayed
• An exhibit is a medium of media (utilization of sound, written word, image, moving image, performance, etc.) in which someone can immerse him/herself in
• An experience
https://www.msu.edu/~dillenbu/
Reasons for Exhibits and Exhibitions
Museums-To foster discussion, -Challenge the visitor, -Make connections to issues that interest the visitor, and -Provide guidance for applications to the world
Libraries & Archives-To show off their collections to the public including newly acquired acquisitions, -Traveling exhibits, and-As community/public spaces, local artists and organizations can showcase their work or "collections"
U.S. National Park Service
• Published Exhibit Conservation Guidelines: Incorporating Conservation into Exhibit Planning, Design and Fabrication (1999)
• Guidelines and standards created due to past conflicts between exhibit specialists and conservators
-Lack of training and preparation for museum staff on preservation -Lack of cross-training between exhibit specialists and conservators-"Evolution of a flawed exhibit development process"-Tradition of poor communication
http://www.nps.gov/index.htm
Exhibit Preservation & Conservation
Goal:"to design and produce preservation-friendly exhibits that attract and inform the public."
-Toby J. Rafael (2005)
The Importance of Standards
• Sets guidelines and regulations for basic responsible preservation that can be followed
• Allows compliance and acceptability in the field for preserving artifacts
• To protect the items • Allows for collaborative team work
(many museum exhibition and conservation guidelines and standards can be directly transferred to libraries and archives)
First Steps to Exhibiting the Materials
1.Select items that are fit to display. 2.A record of all items exhibited should be kept.
o Assessment of their condition before going on displayo Call numbers of bookso Exact pages displayedo Length of exhibito Environmental conditions
3. For items on loan, both the lending institution and borrowing institution should make adequate provisions for safekeeping.
The Environment
Temperature & Humidity • Same temperature and humidity requirements as
special collections storage area • RH (relative humidity) should be constant and
moderate for length of the show• Make sure all windows are sealed for air quality
control• For libraries and archives: when considering
exhibition space, monitor the space a year in advance
LUX Concept
• Lux = lumens per square meter• Lumens = amount of light omitted from a source • 50 lux essential for exhibitions on paper, drawings and
water colors, feathers and other light-sensitive organic materials
• 150-200 lux for oil and acrylic paintings and other moderately light sensitive objects
• 300 lux for ceramics, glass, stone and most metals (not light sensitive)
• 120,000-50,000 lux-hours per annum propose for highly sensitive 50-lux items (i.e., paper, textiles)
• 10,000 lux on a clear day
Example of the Affects of Light
• 5 mlux hours = 20 years on display at standards.
• (a) 0 Mlux-hrs (b) 1.8 Mlux-hrs (c) 8.4 Mlux-hrs (d) 229 Mlux-hrs
Picasso's Woman with a Flower (watercolor on paper)
Blue Wool Cards
Al= aluminum foil UV= UV filter
Difference is shown after 8 months facing a window (sunlight).
Lighting in Exhibits
Albert Einstein's Original Theory of Relativity Manuscript Goes on Display
Artificial Lighting
Fiber Optic Lighting Options
• Florescent Lighting• Incandescent Lamps• Halogen Lights
Fiber Optics and LED Lighting
Fiber Optic Lighting Options
Yale School of Medicine: Crushing Center
UV and Materials • Solutions to UV natural light and artificial lighting
(Vancouver Public Library Photographer: Alex Ramon - July 2005)
• Wood cases • Anodized Aluminum
Cases for Exhibition
Oak Case Aluminum Case
Dangers of Cases
• Off-Gasing: evaporation of volatile chemicals in non-metallic materials at normal atmospheric pressure.o Dangerous Case Materials
polyurethanes green woods wood paneling plywood particle board newsprint, construction paper, kraft paper, wrapping
paper
Barrier Materials
• Safe barrier materialso some plastics including polyethylene, polypropyleneo glasso ArtCor or FoamCor (laminated panel board)o fishing lineo velcroo acid free archival papers
• Safe fabricso unbleached linens washed in hot with no
detergent• Unsafe fabrics
o woolo carpetso fabrics treated with fire-retardants
Silica Gel
Gaylord: Indicating Silica Gel
Silica Gel Pack
How to Display Books• Sensitive paper should not be displayed longer than 3
months in a period of two years
Yale Law Rare Library: Medieval Exhibit
Photographs
• Possible and recommended to display reproductions of photographs
Wisconsin Library Heritage Museum Advertising Envelope
Preservation and Exhibitions Technology
• Virtual Exhibitions• Digital Materials• Specialty Equipment and
Security for Exhibitions
Virtual Exhibitions
Bibliothèque Nationale de France
http://expositions.bnf.fr/usindex.htm
Digital Materials
Bibliothèque Nationale de France - digital collections
http://gallica.bnf.fr/
Specialty Equipment and Security for Exhibitions
• Louvre-- the Mona Lisa• National Archives-- the Declaration of Independence• Specialty products• Protection from human damage
Louvre--the Mona Lisa
-Moved in 2005 into specially designed case.-Fitted with new devices to protect from cracking and to monitor relative humidity and temperature.
http://www.cyf-kr.edu.pl/~ncbratas/oslo/UzielliOslo2010.pdf
National Archives--the Declaration of Independence-Case design and properties-Previous light damage
http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration.html
Specialty Museum Equipment
-Goppion http://www.goppion.com/en/welcome.htm
-Glasbau Hahnhttp://www.glasbau-hahn.de/english/vitrinen/vitrinen_en.php
Protection from Human Damage
• Attacks on the Mona Lisa• Attacks at the National Gallery
References"About the Louvre". http://www.louvre.fr/llv/musee/liste_metiers.jsp?bmLocale=en "The Declaration of Independence: A History". http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/declaration_history.html “Matting and Framing” American Institute for Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works, accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.conservation-us.org/_data/n_0001/resources/live/mattingandframing.pdf
"Mona Lisa Gains a New Louvre Home", BBC News, (April 6, 2005). http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4413303.stm Balloffet, Nelly and Hille, Jenny. Preservation and Conservation for Libraries and Archives. Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2005.
Dillenburg, Eugene. “What, if Anyting, Is a Museum?” Exhibitionist 30, no. 1 (Spring 2011), pp. 9-13.
Falk, John H., Lynn D. Dierking and Susan Foutz (eds.) In Principle, In Practice: Museums as Learning Institutions. New York, NY: Altamira Press, 2007.
Glaser, Mary Todd. "Protecting Paper and Book Collections During Exhibition" Northeast Document Conservation Center (2007), accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.nedcc.org/resources/leaflets/2The_Environment/05ProtectingCollections.php
Gorman, G.E. and Sydney J. Shep, Preservation Management for Libraries, Archives and Museums, (London: Facet Publishing, 2006), 223. Laboratorio Museotecnicio Goppion. Projects- Musée du Louvre, Salle des Etats (Mona Lisa room). http://www.goppion.com/en/progetti_show.asp?ID=30 Jordon, Anne. “Exhibit Mounting Variations For Objects On Paper” Conserv-O-Gram, 13-04 National Park Service (1993), accessed October 21, 2011,http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/13-04.pdf
Lord, Gail D. and Lord, Barry. The Manual of Museum Management, 2nd edition. New York, NY: Altamira Press, 2009.
Martin, Susan B. “Polyester Film Book Supports” Conserv-O-Gram Vol. 18-01, National Park Service, accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/18-01.pdf Maverick, Vance. "The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution in Storage", 2003. http://edgeofthewest.wordpress.com/2009/12/23/the-declaration-of-independence-and-the-constitution-in-storage/ Merriam-Webster Dictionary, s.v. "Relative Humidity,"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/relative%20humidity
Morris, Hannah R. “‘Virtual Fading’ of Art Objects: Simulating the Future Fading of Artifacts by Visualizing Micro-Fading Test Results” Journal of the American Institute for Conservation Vol. 46, No. 3 (Fall - Winter, 2007) : 215-228, http://www.jstor.org/stable/40024996
Munro, Susan Nash. “Window Mats For Paper Objects” Conserv-O-Gram Vol. 13-01, National Park Service, accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/13-01.pdf
Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn and Catherine Nicholson, "A New Era Begins for the Charters of Freedom", 2003. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_preservation_01.html
Samuel, Henry. "Woman Attacks Mona Lisa", The Telegraph, (August 11, 2009). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/6009693/Woman-attacks-Mona-Lisa.html
Trescott, Jacqueline and Timothy R. Smith. "Gauguin Masterpiece Unharmed After Attack at National Gallery", The Washington Post, (April 4, 2011). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/6009693/Woman-attacks-Mona-Lisa.html
Raphael, Toby J. "Preventative Conservation and the Exhibition Process: Development of Exhibit Guildlines and Standards for Conservation." Journal of American Institute for Conservation 44 (2005): 245-257, http://cool.conservation-us.org/jaic/articles/jaic44-03-008_indx.html
Reitz, Joan M. Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. ABC-CLIO, accessed October 20, 2011, http://www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/searchODLIS.aspx
Visser, Michelle. “Considerations in the Preparation of Library Exhibits Featuring Rare Books and Manuscripts.” College and Undergraduate Libraries, Vol. 11, Issue 2 (December, 2004) : 51-62, accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/13-01.pdf
Munro, Susan Nash. “Window Mats For Paper Objects” Conserv-O-Gram Vol. 13-01, National Park Service, accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/13-01.pdf
Ritzenthaler, Mary Lynn and Catherine Nicholson, "A New Era Begins for the Charters of Freedom", 2003. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/charters/charters_preservation_01.html
Samuel, Henry. "Woman Attacks Mona Lisa", The Telegraph, (August 11, 2009). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/6009693/Woman-attacks-Mona-Lisa.html
Trescott, Jacqueline and Timothy R. Smith. "Gauguin Masterpiece Unharmed After Attack at National Gallery", The Washington Post, (April 4, 2011). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/6009693/Woman-attacks-Mona-Lisa.html
Raphael, Toby J. "Preventative Conservation and the Exhibition Process: Development of Exhibit Guildlines and Standards for Conservation." Journal of American Institute for Conservation 44 (2005): 245-257, http://cool.conservation-us.org/jaic/articles/jaic44-03-008_indx.html
Reitz, Joan M. Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science. ABC-CLIO, accessed October 20, 2011, http://www.abc-clio.com/ODLIS/searchODLIS.aspx
Visser, Michelle. “Considerations in the Preparation of Library Exhibits Featuring Rare Books and Manuscripts.” College and Undergraduate Libraries, Vol. 11, Issue 2 (December, 2004) : 51-62, accessed October 21, 2011, http://www.cr.nps.gov/museum/publications/conserveogram/13-01.pdf