1. ExperimentalDesign Why Study Causality Conditions of
Causality Types of Experiments Validity of Experiment Order of
Occurrence Concomitant Covariation No other Explanation Internal
External Classical Statistical
2. Pre-Experimental Design True-Experimental Design
Quasi-Experimental Design One group After Only Types of Experiments
Classical Statistical Completely Randomized Randomized Block Latin
Square Factorial One Group Before After After Only with
Experimental & Control One Group Before After Time Series
Multiple Time Series Two Group Before After Two Group After Only
Solomon Four Group 3. Lab Experiment Definition of Lab Experiment A
process of establishing cause and Effect relationship by
controlling the effect of confounding variables and manipulating
the value of independent variable Controlling Training Performance
Past Experience Manipulation Want to study the effect of amount of
light Use different amount of light 4. Lab Experiment Different
experimental groups will have same value of the confounding
variables Matching Randomization All the groups will have randomly
assigned members Controlling the Contaminating Effect of Exogenous
Variables 5. Experiment or Measure The source of effect is only the
variable whose impact we are studying Internal Validity External
Validity Generalizing the results to the other settings 6. Internal
Validity History Maturation Testing Instrumentation Statistical
Regression Selection Bias Mortality External events affect the
Response Changes because of passing Time Effect of Taking Test on
Subsequent Test Effect of including of Extreme Cases Change in
Measuring Instrument Experimental Group is anyway differ from
Population Dropping out of the Respondents 7. Internal Validity
History External events affect the Response Sales Promotion Sales
Dairy Farmers Ad Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Uncontrollable Variable t1 t2 t3 8. Internal Validity Maturation
Changes because of passing Time Enhanced Technology Increase in
Efficiency Independent Variable Dependent Variable Uncontrollable
Variable t1 t2 t3 Gaining Experience 9. Internal Validity Testing
Effect of Taking Test on Subsequent Test First Measure 2nd Measure
Dependent Variable t1 t2 t3 Dependent Variable 10. Internal
Validity Instrumentation Change in Measuring Instrument First
Measure With Method 1 2nd Measure with Method 2 Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable t1 t2 t3 11. Internal Validity & External
Validity Statistical Regression Population Sample Effect of
including of Extreme Cases 12. Internal Validity & External
Validity Selection Bias Effect Effect of including those who do not
represent the Population Population Sample 13. Internal Validity
& External Validity Mortality Dropping subjects from the sample
overtime Sample t1 Sample t2 Sample t3 14. Internal Validity
Instrumentation Effect Change in the Instrument from Pre to post
test Pre Test What is the speed of the participant Post Test How
well they followed the rules 15. Types of Experimental Design &
Validity Quasi Experimental Design Measure the effect of IV on
experimental Group Pretest & Posttest Experimental Group Design
Posttest Only With Experimental & Control Groups Time series
Design 16. Quasi Experimental Design Pretest & Posttest
Experimental Group Design Group Pretest Treatment Posttest
Experimental O1 X O2 Control - - - Treatment Group = (O2- O1)
Internal Validity History Yes Maturation Yes Testing Yes
Instrumentation Statistical Regression Selection Bias Mortality Yes
17. Quasi Experimental Design Posttest only with Experimental &
Control Group Group Pretest Treatment Posttest Experimental - X O1
Control - - O2 Treatment Group = (O1- O2) Internal Validity History
Yes Maturation Yes Testing Instrumentation Statistical Regression
Selection Bias Mortality Yes 18. Quasi Experimental Design Time
Series Design Internal Validity History Maturation Testing
Instrumentation Statistical Regression Selection Bias Mortality O1
O2 O3 O4 O5 X O6 O7 O8 O9 O10 19. Types of Experimental Design
& Validity True Experimental Design It has both control and
experimental Group Pre and Post Measure are taken Pretest &
Posttest Experimental & Control Group Design Solomon Four Group
Design Time series Design 20. True Experimental Design Pretest
& Posttest with Experimental & Control Group Group Pretest
Treatment Posttest Experimental O1 X O2 Control O3 - O4 Treatment
Group = (O2- O1) - (O4- O3) Internal Validity History Controlled
Maturation Controlled Testing Controlled Instrumentation Controlled
Statistical Regression Controlled Randomization Selection Bias
Controlled Randomization Mortality Yes 21. True Experimental Design
Solomon Four Group Design Group Pretest Treatment Posttest
Experimental O1 X O2 Control O3 - O4 Experimental X O5 Control O6
Treatment Group = (O2 - O1) - (O4 - O3) Internal Validity History
Controlled Maturation Controlled Testing Controlled Instrumentation
Controlled Statistical Regression Controlled Randomization
Selection Bias Controlled Randomization Mortality Yes E = O2 O1 E =
O2 O4 E = O5 O6 E = O5 O3 E = (O2 O1) (O4 O3) If All E are similar
the Causal relation is established 22. True Experimental Design Ex
Post Facto Design There is no manipulation of independent variable
only the subjects who have already been exposed to a stimulus and
those who have not been exposed to are compared. 23. Completely
Randomized Design Group Before Treatment After G1 O1 X1 O2 G2 O3 X2
O4 G3 O5 X3 O6 Statistical Design 24. Randomized Block Design
Blocking Factor Ind Var B1 B2 B3 V1 X1 X1 X1 V2 X2 X2 X2 V3 X3 X3
X3 Statistical Design 25. Latin Square Design (Two Blocking
Variables) Blocking Factor1 Blocking Factor2 B11 B12 B13 B21 X1 X1
X1 B22 X2 X2 X2 B23 X3 X3 X3 Statistical Design 26. Factorial
Design Ind Var2 Ind Var1 V21 V22 V23 V11 V12 V13 Statistical
Design
