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Fats ( Lipids)
Nursing Pathwww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com
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Nutrient Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
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FATS (Lipids) Composition
Classification of fats
Fatty Acids
RDA of FAT
Functions of Fat
Digestion & Metabolism
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INTRODUCTION
Fat => 9 Kcal/gm
Vitamin A, D , E , K
Insulation
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FATS
GlycerolC3H5(OH)3
Fatty Acid
Composition of FATS
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Classification of FAT / Lipid
Simple Compound Derived Miscellaneous
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Simple LPIDS
FAT =
C3H5(OH)3 (Glycerol)
+
3 Fatty Acids
1 Fats & Oils
2 Waxes
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Compound FAT
Fat
+
P /Carbo / Protein
Fat + Phosphorus =Phospholipid
Fat + Carbohydrate =Glycolipid
Fat + Protein
= Lipoproteins
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Derived Lipid
Derived Lipid Produced from Fat & its SubstancesGlycerol + Fatty Acids
Glycerol :
It makeup about 10% of Fat
It is water soluble base Triglycerides
During digestion Glycerol is removed & Available for Glucose formation
Fatty Acids :
It is refined Fuel of Fat- Cell burns for Energy
They may be Saturated or Unsaturated
E.g. Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid, Palmitic acid, Myristic acid, Steric acid.
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Miscellaneous Fat
Steroid :The are fat related Substances containing
Sterols
E.g. Cholesterol
Terpenoids :Terpenoids referred as Isoprenoids
Naturally occurring large organic chemicals
Carotenoids: Yellow to Red Pigment
E.g. Carotenes , Xanthopylls.
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Fatty Acid
StructureCH3 (CH2)nCOOH
Saturated Fatty AcidsCH3 –CH2-CH2-CH2 – COOH
Unsaturated Fatty AcidsCH3 –CH=CH-CH2 – COOH
MUFA (Monounsaturated Fatty Acid) -Increase HDL
CH3 –CH=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH - COOH
PUFA (Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid) – Decrease Tryglyceride.
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Fatty Acid
Essential Fatty Acid
Linoleni acid
Linoleic acid
Non-essential Fatty Acid
Palmitic acid
Oleic acid
Butyric acid.
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Trans Fat :
o Fat formed when oils are partially hydrogenated
o Increase risk of Heart Disease
Triglycerides:o They are ester of Glycerol with Fatty acid
o It is main form of Fat in food
o 80-90% of body lipid are Triglyceride
o They help to maintain body Temperature
o Excess calorie convert in to Triglyceride
Visible & Invisible Fats:Visible: Ghee, Oils, Margarine
Invisible: Baked food, Ice-cream , Nuts
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Cholesterol :
o One of the Sterols
o Its found different concentration in animal tissues & Blood
o It is synthesize in body by the Liver
o Body normally synthesized 2 gm/Day
o Normal level in Blood = 150- 250 mg/dl
o Cholesterol is precursor of the bile salt
o It is restricted in Atherosclerosis.
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Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
Group Fat (g/day)
Adult Man 20
Adult Women 20
Pregnant women 30
Lactating 45
Children (1-9 Year) 25
Children (10-18 Year) 229/5/2016
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Functions of FAT Body Fuel
Constituent of cell Membrane
Digestion, Absorption & Utilization of Vit.A,D,E,K
Cellular Metabolic regulator
Protect internal organs
As a compound of mitochondrial membranes
Effect of Stomach Fullness
Proteins sparing effect
Energy storage in Adipose tissue
As a Insulator
Fatty acids –Maintenance of Membrane
Regulation of cholesterol
Delaying Blood clotting time.
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Digestion & Absorption of Fat
Food Fat => Stmach =>
Emulsified Fat => Intstine =>
Mono, Diglyceride, Fatty acid, Glycerol =>
Absorbed in Blood => Liver, Tissue
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METABOLISM OF FAT
Anabolism =
Lipid →Adipose tissue (Lipogenesis)
Fatty acid + Glycerol
Fatty acid → Muscle → ATP
Glycerol → Liver cell → Glucose
Catabolism=
Fat → Fatty acid + Glycerol
Fatty acid → Energy
Glycerol → Broken down → Waste
product.
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STORAGE OF FATLipid Storage:
Liver
Adipose
Muscle
Tissue
Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL).
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STORAGE OF FAT Lipid enter in Liver via Lymph where
Proteins + Lipid =Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are four Types
1. Chylomicrons
2. Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDL)
3. Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL)
4. High Density Lipoproteins (HDL)
Chylomicrons , VLDL, LDL → Transport Lipids from
Intestine to → Liver→ Tissue
LDL Bad Cholesterol
HDL Good Cholesterol
Apart from lipoproteins, Triglycerides, Cholesterol &
Phospholipids are also synthesised in liver .
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Deficiency of Fat in Diet
Cause deficiency of essential fatty acids →
Lead to cessation of growth
Cause Flaky skin
Development of itchy sores on scalp
Phynoderma or toad skin
Excess Fat in Diet :
Obesity
Slow down digestion & absorption of Food
Interferes in absorption of Calcium
Cause ketosis.
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Thank You
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