Few things I knowabout « ENERGY »

Part 1 : energy needs

Guillaume FERY

May 2010

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p2

Energy … What for ?5 major needs

Heating: from the ages, to head, to cook and for industrial processes

Lighting: with huge technological evolution from gas to electricity

Power: for transportation and industrial processes as well

Raw material: some resource are used directly (gas, oil, coke)

Electricity for appliances, devices and motors in our environment (at home, at work, etc.)

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p3

Energy access

In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to moderne energy

With no access to energy, wood is the only way to cook and heat => impact on deforestation

Decentralized systems are a good way to solve environmental problems and enable development

With electricity => television, fridge, telephone, pumps, etc.

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p4

Consumption

Difference between : Primarary energy Secondary energy Final energy

In France, only 67% of total energy in used by final applications.

A chinese has a yearly consumption of 1 Ton of oil equivalent (toe) while european need 4 and a American 8.

The USA weight 5% of the world’s population but consume 25% of the total energy (and also 25% of the CO2 emissions)

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p5

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p6

Energy needs(final energy)

It varie. key drivers : Daytime / night time Season (hot or cold – heating or air conditioner) Economic activity Price (in France Energy is 8% of a family budget – telecom

10%, water less than 2%) Peak ?

11am and 6pm in our countries and in winter (Europe) During the WE and in the summer (California)

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p7

About energetic balance

Consumption of primary energy resource

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%

petrol Coal natural gas biomass &waste

nuclear

Source AIE >80% of the resource come from fossile energy

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p8

About energy mix(examples)

75% of energy in South Africa comes from coal (idem in China)

90% of energy in Algeria come from internal gas resource

45% of hydraulic & biomass in Brazil 35% energy come from imported oil in Italy

=> Impact on CO2 emissions and energy independance (+geostrategy issues as well)

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p9

An application for each resource ?

What energy to produce Electricty ? 80% from nuclear in France 80% from hydraulic in Brazil 80% from Coal in China 90% from gas in Algeria

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p10

About ELECTRICITY

Electricity is a secundary energy that can be produced by any of the primarary resources

but with weak yeald (35%) + transport issue

Today most og our day to day life is based on electricity usage. Electricity is essential.

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p11

Difference beetwen resource, types of energy and usage

=> competitions within energy vectors

Sources : French Academy of Technologies

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p12

Energy and transport sector

Fossile energy is (too) essential About 30% of final energy is used for transport issues 80% is based on hydrocarbures Think that 100% of army planes in the world are linked

to kerozenes issues Can we change ? Example: To travel from Paris to

Amsterdam (750km – 460 miles)… Using car / train / plane The journey lasts from 1 to 6 hours Emits from 3,2 to 136 Kg of CO2 Costs from 40 euros to 310 euros

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p13

Energy and Industry sector

Less than 1/3 of final energy needsEnergy intensive industries : heavy

industry (coal, steel, chemical, cement)Goegraphical issues (relatively to energy

cost all around the world)Energy efficiency could lead to savings up

to 20% in Europe

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p14

Energy & the buildings

In France, 46% of final demand come from the buildings 69% for heating 19% for hot water 12% for electricity

Key issues for the future Insulation Home automation, regulation Energy efficiency Eco materials

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p15

Energy and the city

By 2030, 60% of the world’s population will live in urban areas (49% in 2007)

Architecture & planning have big impact. 2 similar cities can have different energy needs. 2.5 million people and … : Atlanta : 4300 KM² and 7.5 T CO2/hab/year Barcelona : 162 KM² and 0.7 T CO2/hab/year

Energy price raise will impact people localisation, lifestyle and city planning

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p16

Energy and the future

Thousands of simulations !What horizon for energetic scenario ? 2020,

2050, 2100 ?Examples of models :

POLES PRIMES http://www.e3mlab.ntua.gr/manuals/PRIMsd.pdf

WEM

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p17

Energy needs are growing and energy is a lever to develop the economy … but don’t forget :

In the world, about 2 billion people have no access to moderne energy

At least 70% of humanity lives on less than $10 a day Nearly a billion people entered the 21st century unable to

read a book or sign their names. Approximately half the world’s population now live in

cities and towns. In 2005, approximately 1 billion people was living in slum conditions.

http://www.un.org/fr/millenniumgoals/

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p18

Follow the links …

http://www.iea.org/ http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/ http://www.energystar.gov http://www.world-nuclear.org http://www.cleanenergystates.org/ http://www.ademe.fr http://www.masdar.ae/en/home/index.aspx

Guillaume FERY – May 2010 p19

Guillaume FERY

http://uk.linkedin.com/in/gfery

http://orignal.blogspirit.com/

http://twitter.com/gfery

END OF PART 1

See Part 2

Energy and Resources