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FISH BORNE ZOONOTIC DISEASES
Department of Veterinary PathologyPost Graduate Institute of Veterinary & Animal
Sciences
Presented By: P.L. LalruatfelaEn. No.:- V/10/167
Course No.:- VPP- 691
Course Teacher: Dr.V.P. Pathak
Outline of Seminar
Introduction Brief about Fish Importance Non-Infectious fish
diseases Zoonotic fish
diseaeses Infectious fish
diseases Vibriosis in fish
Cholera in human History Etiology Pathogenesis Clinical signs Treatment Vaccine Conclusion References
Introduction
Fish borne zoonotic diseases means those diseases which are transmitted directly by consuming raw and improperly cooked fish meat or Indirectly via contaminated water from the surroundings of infected fish
Cholera is one of the most important disease which is transmitted from fish
Brief about Fish
Cold Blooded Animal Largest number of living animal species
approx. 28,200 nos. India rank the second highest producing
country Fisheries contribute 1.07 % of national GDP,
and 5.30 % to agriculture sector Over 1.5 m of people employed in fisheries
Importance
Food supply Good income source Employment Better nutritive profile of fish meat Omega-3 polysaturate fatty is found only in
fish meat Ornamental and pet fish
Disease of Fish
Causes of fish disease
Non-Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases
Nutritional Diseases Viral Diseases
Environmental Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
Chemical Diseases ParasiticDiseases
Physiological Diseases
Fungal Diseases
Non-Infectious Diseases
Sunburn Nutritional gill disease
Non-Infectious
Lordosis
Gas Bubble
Scoliosis
Zoonotic Fish Diseases
Vibriosis Mycobacteriosis Aeromonasis Pseudomoniasis Campylobactiosis Erysipelas
Leptosprirosis Botulisim Edwardsiella Escherichia coli Salmonella spp
Bacterial Zoonosis
Zoonotic Fish Diseases
Parasitic caused of zoonotic Diseases of fish
Nematode Capillaris philippinensis Gnathostomiasis hispidium
Trematode Clonorchis sinensis Opistorchis viverrini
Cestode Diphyllobothrium latum
Infectious Fish Disease
0
510
1520
25
3035
40 No. Countries No. Laboratories
Vibriosis in fish
World wide distribution Characterized by a typical
hemorrhagic septicaemia Most susceptible in Salmon and Trout
Etiology
Vibrio aguillarum Gram –ve, facultative, motile, curve-
rod 23-O serotypes, O-1 and O-2 are
pathogenic and to a lesser extent O-3.
Transmission: Horizontal transmission:
Infected fecal material Secretion
Clinical Findings and Lesions
Reddening Red/Brown gills Necrosis of
Eyeball
Histopathological
Vacoulation and necrosis of pancreatic acinar cell
Necrotic foci in liver
Diagnosis
Slide agglutination or ELISA test have been develop for fast diagnosis (do not distinguish serotype)
PCR based diagnosis was developed for accurate diagnosis and the target gene is rpoN which code for sigma factor 54
“Cholera” Vibriosis in Human
History
1st Pandemic, 1817-1823: (Ganges in Calcutta) 10,000 British army and hundred thousands of natives were died, spread by trade routes – Iran, Baku, Astrakhan, Russia
2nd Pandemic, 1829-1852 : Spread to Bengal, Afghanistan, Asia, Moscow, England, US with death toll of billion people
3rd Pandemic, 1852-1859: Began in Bengal, Britain and Europe are affected
History
Dr. John Snow mapped out to find the caused as water borne infection from Broad
Street Pump on 3rd Pandemic
4th Pandemic, 1863-1879: From Egypt to Europe
5th Pandemic, 1881-1896: Began in India, spread east and west countries
Thread & Discovery
Biological weapons: during 2nd World war, UK & US used cholera as a biological weapons to disrupt the operation on the Chinese people, approximately 60,000 are believed to die on these attacks.
Discovery: In 1883 - Robert Koch cultured and found out V. cholerae (Nobel Prize in Medicine, 1905)
History
6th Pandemic, 1961-present: From Pacific Islands to Asia, Bangladesh, India, USSR, Iran, Iraq
7th Pandemic, in 1991: (Latin America, Peru) 4,000 dead of 400,000 cases
8th Pandemic, in 1992? a new serogroup cholera epidemic erupted in Madras, southern India which having a non-O1 serotype, called O139
Distribution
Etiology
Vibrio cholera
Gram –ve, facultative, motile, curve-rod Enrichment Medium- Alkanie Peptone Broth Classified into 206 “O” serogroups Until now infection, only 3-strains are isolated
Tow serogroups of O1: Classical & El Tor Non-O1 serogroup O139 (newly found in Bengal,
1992) Free living in aquatic environment More common in warm water (17-20oC) Commonly isolated from fish, shellfish and
Oyster
Serotypes
Transmission
Pathogenesis
Colonization of bacteria on the intestine
Subsequent growth
Release of cholera toxin
Pathogenesis
B-subunit binds to GM1 –receptor, activates A-subunit to delivered in the cytosol
Convert ADP-ribose to GTP by using NADP shunt
Activate adenyl cyclase cycle, resulting intracellular accumulation of cAMP
Pathogenesis
Increased cAMP in the intestinal epithelial cells inhibit the Na+/Cl- transport system
Accumulation of NaCl in the intestinal lumen
Water moves passively to lumen to maintain osmolality Watery diarrhea
1 2
3 4
Clinical Findings
Mild diarrhea suddenly change to Severe diarrhea
Vomition Muscle cramps/severe pain Watery stools:
Colorless Odorless
Death attributable to: Hypovolemic shock due low blood plasma
Diagnosis
Laboratory identification:
Examination of stool for the presence of bacteria Microscopy
Selective/Differential media- TCBS agar- Vibrio cholera grow as yellow colonies
Treatment
Rehydration
Treatment
AntibioticsAntibiotic Administration Dose (children)
mg/kgDose (adults)
mg
1st choiceTetracycline
Doxycycline
QID x 3 days
One single dose
12.5
6
500
300
2nd choiceErythromycin
Furazolidione
QID x 3 days(adults)
BD x 3 days
QID x 3 days
10
1.25
250
100
Vaccine
Oral vaccine- Dukoral
Conclusions
Fisheries is a important tool of self employment
Fish meat has good nutritive profile They also play an important role in
transmission of zoonotic diseases.
Prevention
Sanitation Hygienic Clean drinking water
THANK YOU!...
References
A.E. Toranzo (2000), Report about fish bacterial diseases, University of Santiago de Compostela, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Aquaculture Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Campus Sur; 56:87-101
Uffe B.S,Skov Orensen and Jens Laurits Larsen (1986), Serotyping of Vibrio anguillarum, Applied and environmental microbiology; 51: 593-597
J. Glen Morris (2003), Cholera and other types of vibriosis, A story of human pandemics and oysters on the half shell, Food safety; 3:272-290
Cyrille Goarantll, Jose Herlin R, Raphael Brizard (2000), A Toxic factors of Vibrio strains pathogenic to shrimp, Diseases of aaquatic organism; 40: 101-107.
A. Dufour (2003),Water-related zoonosis disease impacts — geographical prevalence, Water borne zoonosis; 3:90-150