FISHERIES OF NARMADA

RIVER IN INDIA

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Prof. S.K. Das Charan Kanudan S.

Department of FRM, Department of FRM,

Faculty of fishery science, M.F.Sc 1st yr 1st sem.

094, kolkata. gadhavikaran8@gmail.com

NARMADA RIVER

Narmada is sanskrit word by means “ The doner of

plessure”. Also called as “rewa”.

The Narmada River is the only river in India that flows in

central India between North India and South India.

Narmada river rising in Madhya Pradesh state that runs

from east to west along with the Tapti River and the Mahi

River. Narmada flows over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi)

before draining through the Gulf of Cambey (Khambat)

into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city

of Gujarat.

All rivers in india flows from waste to east but narmada

and tapti flows from east to waste.

CONT……..

Narmada River has a huge water resources potential for

agriculture and economy of the region. More than 90% of

water flow occurs during the monsoon months of June to

September.

The Narmada river is considered extremely holy by the Hindus.

CONT…….

The source of the Narmada is a small tank called

Narmada Kund located on the Amarkantak hill, in the

Anuppur District of eastern Madhya Pradesh. From the

Amarkantak hill range the river descends at the

Kapildhara.

Narmada: A history of controversy

Project began in 1979

3,200 dams to be built along 1,312km Narmada river

Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan likely to benefit

Opponents says it will displace 200,000 people and damage ecology

To be fully complete by 2025

Farmland will be submerged. Poor lose out

DATA OF NARMADA

Length of Narmada River (Km) : 1312

Catchment Area (Sq.km.) : 98796

Average Water Resource Potential (MCM) : 45639

Utilizable Surface Water Resource(MCM) : 34500

Live Storage Capacity of Completed Projects (MCM) : 17622.0

Live Storage Capacity of Projects Under Construction (MCM) : 6834.70

Total Live Storage Capacity of Projects (MCM) : 24456.70

No. of Hydrological Observation Stations of CWC : 26 (including 8 Gauge site)

No. of Flood Forecasting Stations of CWC : 4

THE RIVER FLOWING THROUGH…..

The Narmada water Disputes Tribunal has allocated the Narmada water amongst the States as below:

Madhya Pradesh : 18.25 Million Acre Feet

Gujarat : 9.0 Million Acre Feet

Rajasthan : 0.5 Million Acre Feet

Maharashtra : 0.25 Million Acre Feet

Total : 28.0 Million Acre Feet

The total length of the river is 1,312 km and for the first 1079km it flows in Madhya Pradesh and thereafter forms thecommon boundary between Madhya Pradesh andMaharashtra for 35 km, and Maharashtra and Gujarat for 39km. In Gujarat State it stretches for 159 km. Its importanttributaries are the Burhner, the Banjar, the Sher, the Shakkar,the Dudhi, the Tawa , the Ganjal, the Kundi, the Goi and theKarjan which joins from left whereas the Hiran, the Tendoni,the Barna, the Kolar, the Man, the Uri, the Hatni and theOrsang joins from right.

ECONOMY

The valleys of River Narmada are very important for the

economically development of the region. There are various

handicraft works and other small-scale industries along the

Narmada. The dams on Narmada river benefits include provision

drinking water, power generation and irrigation facilities. The

Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal (NWDT) final order determined

the utilizable quantum of Narmada waters to be 28,000,000 acre

feet (3.3×1010 m3) allocated it to the four states as…

Party States Allocated share of water

Madhya Pradesh 18,250,000 acre feet (22.51 km3)

Gujarat 9,000,000 acre feet (11 km3)

Maharashtra 250,000 acre feet (0.31 km3)

Rajasthan 500,000 acre feet (0.62 km3)

Total 28,000,000 acre feet (35 km3)

Rehabilitation and resettlement of Displaced Peoples

- In New Jalud village infrastructure like School, Dispensary, Seed-Storage, - Roads, Drainage, Electrification and Water Supply is complete.

Old HouseNew house

New water facility

Improved Quality of Life

• Project would meet the

drinking water needs of 8215

villages and 135 urban centres

which are today suffering from

acute shortage of water.

Sardar Sarovar dam

The reservoirs would, therefore, offer tremendous opportunities for fisheriesdevelopment which would ultimately benefit the fishermen socially andeconomically in the respective areas.

Create new ecosystems e.g . in reservoirs. Can be used economically.

Large water bodies shall be created as a result of various dams being constructed on the river Narmada & its tributaries.

TRIBUTERIES OF NARMADA RIVER

41 tributeries out of 22 from satpuda range and rest of

from vindhya range.

Its principal tributaries are on the right bank:

1) Hiren ,2) Tendoni ,3) Barna ,4)kolar ,5)Man ,6)Uri ,

2) 7)Hatni ,8) Orsang.

Principal tributaries are on the left bank:

1) burhner , 2) banjar ,3) sher ,4) sarkar ,5) dudhi ,

6) tawa ,7) ganjal ,8) chhota tawa ,9) kundi ,10) goi ,

11) karjan

FISHERIES OF NARMADA RIVER….

effective catchments area of this river system is

98796 sq. km and 6330 sq. km of its all tributaries.

This river system comprises of total 19 tributaries,

of which 17 in Madhya Pradesh and 2 in Gujarat.

This river system receives and annual rain fall of

12” – 115”.

Narmada river harbors 84 fish species belonging to

23 genera. The contribution of carps in commercial

fishery is of the order of 60.4%, followed by

catfishes of 34.1 % and miscellaneous fishes of

5.5%.

CONT….

The carp fish groups are:

Tor tor; Labeo. frimbriatus; L.calabasu;

L.bata; L.gonius; Cirrhinus. reba; Puntius.

sarana etc,

cat fish groups such as :

Mystus senghala ; M.aor ; M. cavasius; Wallago.

Attu ; Clupisoma garua; Ompak bimaculatus.

miscellaneous fish groups :

like Channa spp, Mastacembalus spp; Notopterus

notopterus.

GEAR USED IN RIVER

Cast nets, gill nets and longlines are

the fishing gears that are generally

used in these waters.

CONT……

After construction of Sardar Sarovar Dam on river

Narmada a major part of the running water is being

converted in to stagnant water.

The fish diversity is correlated with biological and

various physico-chemical parameters that regulate the

productivity and distribution of different species of the

fishes. The fish population is abundant and majority of

fishes are exploited for human consumption.

CONT…..

The major fish abundance was noticed viz. majorcarps, minor carps and cat fishes.

The several species of fish belonging orderClupiformes,Cypriniformes,Beloniformes,Opiocephaliformes,Mastacambelliformes, Siluriformes andPerciformes. In which maximum 37 species belongingto the order Cypriniformes.

The fish species diversity was decreasing. DiversityIndex was lowest 0.53 in March and was highest 1 inOctober in the year 2006- 2007. The main reasonsbehind the decline of species are habitat destruction,introduction of exotic species, pollution and overfishing.

CONT…..

The Narmada River is the fifth longest in India. It’s

already been dammed in several places but the main

dam, the Sardar Sarovar is closet to the Sea. In the river

Narmada carps should be in major quantity but in spite of

that data’s are reflecting that the No. of cat fish are

increasing rather than the carps. Therefore fish species

and Ecological condition of our area is being changing.

No. of species are decreasing it mean’s species diversity

in the descending order. The first information regarding

the ichthyofaunal assemblage of river Narmada is

credited to 1, who recorded 40 species of fish.

CONT……

Hilsa migration in Narmada which generally

commenced in July when the first flood occurred.

77 species have recorded. 84 species belonging to

45 genera. Many workers have also studied the fish

fauna of river Narmada. 150 species belonging to

26 families. In spite of this rich diversity, literature

concerning numerical studies of fish diversity is

scarce.

CONT…..

Species Diversity of fishes are measured by the

following methods-

Species Diversity = No. of Species/ Total Number

of individuals x 100

DIVERSITY OF SPECIES………..

Specie Diversity of Fishes in River Narmada (2006-07) Month Species Diversity

September 0.91

October 1(high diversity)

November 0.81

December 0.57

January 0.81

February 0.89

March 0.53 (low diversity)

April 0.67

May 0.78

June 0.67

July 0.53 (low diversity)

August 0.54

RECORDED SPECIES ARE……

List of fishes recorded in River Narmada during Sep. 2006to Aug.2007.

ORDER FAMILY GENERA

Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Catla catla

Cirrihinus mrigala

Labeo rohita

Aspidoparia jaya

Cirrihinus cirrihosa

Cirrihinus reba

Crossochelius latius

Discognathus lamta

Labeo calbasu

Labeo fimbriatus

Labeo bata

CONT…… Labeo gonius

Nemacheilus botia

Oreichthys cosuatis

Osteobrama cotio

Puntius chola

Puntius sarana

Puntius sophorae

Tor putitora

Tor tor

Clarius batrachus

Mystus aor

Mystus seenghala

Oxygaster bacaila

Puntius ticto

Ctenopharygdon idella

Cyprinus carpio

Hypothalmicthys moltrix

CONT……

Siluridae :

Ompok bimaculatus

Ompok pabo

Wallago attu

Bagridae :

Mystus bleekeri

Mystus cavasius

Rita rita

Rita pavimentata

Schielbeidae :

Clupisoma garua

CONT…… Heteropneustidae :

Heteropneustes fossilis

Clupiformes :

Clupeidae

Gudusia chopra

Notopteridae :

Notopterus notopterus

Notopterus chitala

Beloniformes :

Belonidae :

Xenthodon cancila

Ophiocephaliformes

Ophiocephalidae :

Channa marulius

Channa punctatus

Channa striatus

CONT….. Perciformes :

Centropomidae

Chanda nama

Nandidae

Nandus nandus

Gobioidae

Glassogobius giuris

Anabantidae

Colisa faciatus

Mastacembalef ormes;

Mastacembelidae

Mastacembelus armatus

Mastacembelus pancalus

Siluriformes :

Pangasiidae

Pungasius pangasius

FISHERIES DEVELOPMENT AND

CONSERVATION

Large water bodies shall be created as a result ofvarious dams being constructed on the riverNarmada & its tributaries. After construction of thedams, the fishing pattern will change from lentic tolotic in the upstream areas. The reservoirs would,therefore, offer tremendous opportunities forfisheries development which would ultimatelybenefit the fishermen socially and economically inthe respective areas. With proper stocking andbetter management, it is possible to achieve aproduction of 40-60 Kg. per ha. in a period of 20years.

CONT….. The average water area of six projects coming up on Narmada river and

its tributaries of the lower Narmada Zone, the production and employment

potential (for fishermen) are given in the table below :

SNo. Reservoir Average

Productive

Area (Ha.)

Estimated

Rate of

Production on

full

development

(Kg./Ha.)

Total

estimated

Annual

Production

(M. Tones)

No. of

oustees

Fishermen to

be employed

1 Indira Sagar 59029 40 Kg. 2360 2000

2 Omkareshwar 8330 45 Kg. 375 375

3 Maheshwar 4816 50 Kg. 241 240

4 Man 698 60 Kg. 42 45

5 Jobat 942 60 Kg. 56 60

6 Sardar Sarovar

(M.P. Zone)10000 (MP Zone) 40 Kg. 400 400

Total 83815 49.16 3474 3120

CONT…..

It is contemplated to adopt a two tier co-operative

structure with primaries at the base level and Apex/

Federal body at the regional level for the

exploitation of fish from the reservoirs. On full

development, these projects would not only

generate employment opportunities from fish

production but employment would also be provided

through different allied occupations viz hatchery

management, seed production, fish marketing, net

making, packing of fish, ice factories, boat

operation and also in other ancillary industries like

basket making, pattal making, transport of fish etc.

Fishermen would be getting better remunerations

which will ensure increase in their per capita

income.

PATTERN OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN THE

RESERVOIRS OF NARMADA VALLEY :

The fisheries conservation and development activities

including marketing of the fish catch will be looked after

by M.P. Matsya Mahasangh (Sahkari) Maryadit the Apex

body. The primary fishermen cooperative societies of the

oustees will be given exclusive fishing rights of the

reservoirs.

CONCLUSION:

The results indicate that reduction in the overallabundance of fish fauna in recovery compared toreference is a clear indication of the effect of habitdestruction. it was also revealed that the river has notrecovered in the studied stretch. There is definitely somekind of disturbances in the river which is causingreduction in the abundance of fish fauna. Thedisturbances visibly seen were local fish harvest bytraditional means of fish catch or unseen means likeillegal use of electrical appliances or poisoning of the fishfauna using plants herb extraction by the local people. Anurgent need exists for studying the life history traits anddemography of the most important threatened fishes, aslack of information on these aspects have significantlyaffected conservation efforts.

REFERENCE :

International Journal of Advanced Research (2013), Volume 1, Issue 3, 20-25

Research Journal of Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sciences ___________________________ ISSN 2320 – 6535 Vol. 1(6), 18-20, July (2013) Res. J. Animal, Veterinary and Fishery Sci. International

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narmada_River

https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCgQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fschoolsonline.britishcouncil.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2FRiver%2520Narmada.ppt&ei=sBfNUubyJcPsrAevqYDICA&usg=AFQjCNE1vS4jSXFe_8hB583bYDAIvl_LUA

http://www.geogonline.org.uk/GG5GenBKi3_Narmada%20Scheme.ppt