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Flowers Presented by:
Geonyzl L. Alviola
Intro on flowers
A diagnostic feature of the angiosperm.
Modified reproductive shoot The shoot is determinate
Flower parts
Pedicel – the flower stalk
(if absent the flower attachment is sessile) Bract – reduced leaf
Epicalyx - series of bracts
calyx
epicalyx
Receptacle – region of the flower which the floral parts are attached
Perianth (perigonium)
receptacle
Tepals – if perianth is undifferentiated/ the individual leaf parts
- The term tepal is usually used when all segments of the perianth are of similar shape and color,
Perianth is differentiated into two groups
A. Calyx – the outermost series of the whorl and consist of individual units of modified leaves called SEPALS
B. Corolla – the inner most series that consist a modified leaves called PETALS
Hypanthium – Floral tube
- a cup like or tubular structure
- around or top of the ovary
- bearing along the margin the sepals, petals and stamen
Nectary – a specialized structure that secretes nectar
- found on parianth parts ,
- or within the receptacle
- or within the androecium or
gynoecium
Androecium refers to all of the male organs
- collectively called STAMENS
consist of the following parts:
a. filament (stalk-like)
b. anther (pollen bearing)
Gynoecium refers to all female organs of a flower.
- collective called CARPEL(pistil)
consist of the following parts:
a. ovary
b. style
c. stigma
gynoecium
Gynostegium
- the male and female organs are fused as one structure
Androgynophore
- A stalk that bears the androecium and gynoecium
Flower Attachment
Pedicellate
Flowers with pedicel
Flower cycly
Flower Cycly
- Refers to the number of cycles (series of whorls) or floral parts.
Two basic terms :
1. Complete – having all four major series
(sepals, petals, stamens & carpels)
2. Incomplete – for a flowering lacking one or more of the four major whorls or parts.
Complete Flower
Incomplete flower
RaspberryTulip
Flower Sex and Plant Sex
Floral Sex or Flower sex
Refers to the absence or presence of male and female parts with the flower.
two kinds :
1. Perfect / bisexual – both stamen and carpel are present in one flower
2. Imperfect/ unisexual – only one is present
Imperfect
Have two kinds :
1. Pistillate (female) – carpel present but stamen absent
Imperfect Flower
2. Staminate – have only the stamen
Plant Sex
Refers to the presence and distribution of perfect and imperfect flower on individual of a species.
A. Hermaphroditic – only a perfect flower
B. Monoecious – a plant with only unisexual flowers both male and female on the same individual plant
C. Dieocious – have unisexual flower with staminate and pistillate on separate individuals
Monoecious Plant
Dioecious
Other variations
Polygamous plant – having both bisexual and unisexual flowers
Andromonoecious plant - having both staminate and perfect flowers on the same individual
Gynomonoecious plant – both pistillate and perfect flowers on the same individual
Trimonoecious – refers to a plant with pistillate, staminate and perfect flowers on the same individual
Gynodiecious – refers to a plant with female flowers on some individuals and perfect flowers on the other
Androdioecious – refers to a plant with male flowers on some and perfect flowers on othe individuals
Trioecious – refers to a plant with pistillate, staminate and perfect flowers on different individuals
Flower Symmetry